Delegate Guide 2012

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition
DELEGATE PREPARATION GUIDE
RomeMUN 19-23 MARCH 2012

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Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition Tentative Programme

MONDAY, MARCH 19 LUISS Guido Carli University, Room Aula Magna, Viale Pola 12
2.00 pm Delegates Registration 2.30/7.00 pm Opportunity Fair 3.30 pm Workshop Youth and International Careers 7.00 pm Closing Cocktail Moderator: Minister Stefano Baldi Director of the Diplomatic Institute of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Author of Carriere Internazionali Invited Speakers:
Welcome Remarks: Prof. Luigi Tel* - LUISS Guido Carli University Gianni Alemanno* Mayor of Rome Dr. Daniela Conte- Giovani nel Mondo Association
Keynote speech: Ambassador Giampiero Massolo Secretary General of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs A career within the UN system: With the participation of: UN/DESA, FAO, WFP, UNICEF, IFAD, UNICRI, UNRIC *To be confirmed
Moderator: Lorenzo Valeri Scientific Manager LUISS School of Government
International Cooperation and Humanitarian Diplomacy: With the participation of: International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), EMERGENCY, AMREF, FOCSIV, INTERSOS, OXFAM, CESVI
Opportunity fair:
UNDESA, WFP, IFAD, UNICRI, UNICEF AMREF, FOCSIV, AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS, AICEM, EMERGENCY, ICU, ANIMOSA ONLUS, VIDES, GREENPEACE, NGO RESEARCH AND COOPERATION, NATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE, AGENZIA NAZIONALE GIOVANI (Youth in Action), FULBRIGHT COMMISSION, GO STUDY, BRITISH INSTITUTES, FESTIVAL OF DIPLOMACY, SCAMBI EUROPEI, SoG, LUISS, GIOVANI NEL MONDO
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TUESDAY, MARCH 20 European University of Rome, Viale degli Aldobrandeschi, 190
9.30 am/11.00am Workshop on Rules of Procedures 11.30/1.30 pm Coffee Break + Meeting with Embassies based in Rome 1.30 pm Light Lunch 2.30 / 5.00pm Committees Session I 5.00/5.30 pm Coffee Break 6.00 p.m./7.00 pm Committees Session II
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21 - European University of Rome, Viale degli Aldobrandeschi, 190

9.30 am/11.00 am Committees Session 11:30 am/1 pm Committees Session 1.00 pm Light Lunch 3.00 pm/ 5.00pm Committees Session 5.00/5.30 pm Coffee Break 6.00 p.m./7.00 pm Committees Session
THURSDAY, MARCH 22 - European University of Rome, Viale degli Aldobrandeschi, 190

9.30 am/11.00 am Committees Session 11:30/ 1.00 pm Committees Session 1.00 pm Light Lunch 2.30 / 5.00 pm Committees Session 5.00/5.30 pm Coffee Break 6.00 p.m./7.00 pm Committees Session
7.00 pm Delegate dance party
FRIDAY, MARCH 23, UNIVERSITY PONTIFICIA LATERANENSE, Piazza S. Giovanni in Laterano, 4 Vatican City
10:00/11:00 am Closing Ceremony RomeMUN: Imaging new ways of development 11.30 am/1.00 pm RomeMUN TV News Report/Youth Associations Contacts/Award Assignment -3-
Workshop: New images for our future: development-resources-cooperation.

Welcome Remarks:
S.E. Mons. Enrico dal Covolo SDB, Rector Pontificia Universit Lateranense
Keynote speech: Mr Christopher Prentice, British Ambassador to Italy With the participation of: Festival of Diplomacy
PLEASE NOTE: During RomeMUN we will try to put all delegates in contact with relevant experts from international organizations, so we are organizing some meetings in institutional buildings present here in Rome and other similar activities. More information about those sessions will be available soon.
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Contents
RESEARCH AND PREPARATION FOR ROMEMUN 2012 .............................................................................................- 9 1. 2. 3. Study the structure and history of the United Nations ............................................................................................- 17 Understanding what a Model United Nations conference is...................................................................................- 18 Study the structure and history of the GA Plenary ..................................................................................................- 18 -
SEGMENT I: INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY Presented by Ambassador Ahmad Kamal ............................................................................................................................... - 19 SEGMENT III: INTERVIEW WITH AMBASSADORS TO THE GA Featuring Ambassador Sir Jeremy Greenstock (United Kingdom) and Ambassador Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Egypt) ................ - 19 SEGMENT IV: INTERVIEW WITH THE PRESIDENT OF THE GA Featuring H.E. Mr. Han Seung-Soo, President of the 56th GA ........................................................................................... - 19 4. 5. 6. Understand the politics of your assigned Member-State ........................................................................................- 19 Focus on the Agenda Topics ...................................................................................................................................- 20 Prepare a Position Paper .......................................................................................................................................- 21 -
Position Paper Example ............................................................................................................... - 22 Awards criteria for RomeMUN position papers: .................................................................................... - 25 7. ROMEMUN RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY COMMITTEES ...........................- 26 -
GENERAL RULES ........................................................................................................................ - 26 RULE 1: SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... - 26 RULE 2: LANGUAGE .......................................................................................................................... - 26 RULE 3: DELEGATIONS ..................................................................................................................... - 26 RULE 4: CREDENTIALS ..................................................................................................................... - 26 RULE 5: PARTICIPATION OF NON-MEMBERS .............................................................................. - 26 RULE 6: STATEMENTS BY THE SECRETARIAT ........................................................................... - 26 RULE 7: GENERAL POWERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY STAFF ....................................... - 26 RULE 8: QUORUM ............................................................................................................................... - 27 RULE 9: COURTESY............................................................................................................................ - 27 -
RULES GOVERNING DEBATE ................................................................................................... - 28 RULE 10: AGENDA .............................................................................................................................. - 28 RULE 11: DEBATE ............................................................................................................................... - 28 RULE 12: UNMODERATED CAUCUS ............................................................................................... - 28 RULE 13: MODERATED CAUCUS .................................................................................................... - 29 -5-

RULE 14: CLOSURE OF DEBATE...................................................................................................... - 29 RULE 15: SUSPENSION OR ADJOURNMENT OF THE MEETING ............................................... - 29 RULE 16: POSTPONEMENT AND RESUMPTION OF DEBATE .................................................... - 29 RULE 17: RULES GOVERNING SPEECHES ..................................................................................... - 29 -
RULES GOVERNING POINTS .................................................................................................... - 30 RULE 18: POINTS OF PERSONAL PRIVILEGE ............................................................................... - 30 RULE 19: POINTS OF ORDER ............................................................................................................ - 30 RULE 20: POINTS OF PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY...................................................................... - 30 -
RULES GOVERNING THE PATH TO A DRAFT RESOLUTION ............................................... - 30 RULE 21: WORKING PAPERS ............................................................................................................ - 30 RULE 22: DRAFT RESOLUTIONS ..................................................................................................... - 30 RULE 23: INTRODUCTION OF DRAFT RESOLUTIONS ................................................................ - 31 SEGMENT II: DRAFTING OF UN RESOLUTIONS & DECISIONS Presented by Mr. Jean Gazarian ............ - 31 RULE 24: AMENDMENTS .................................................................................................................. - 31 -
RULES GOVERNING VOTING ................................................................................................... - 32 RULE 25: PROCEDURAL VOTING .................................................................................................... - 32 RULE 26: SUBSTANTIVE VOTING ................................................................................................... - 32 RULE 27: VOTING ............................................................................................................................... - 32 -
RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR SECURITY COUNCIL .......................................................................... - 33 I. MEETINGS .................................................................................................................................. - 33 RULE 1 ................................................................................................................................................... - 33 RULE 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 33 RULE 3 ................................................................................................................................................... - 33 RULE 4 ................................................................................................................................................... - 33 RULE 5 ................................................................................................................................................... - 33 -
II. AGENDA .................................................................................................................................... - 34 RULE 6 ................................................................................................................................................... - 34 RULE 7 ................................................................................................................................................... - 34 RULE 8 ................................................................................................................................................... - 34 RULE 9 ................................................................................................................................................... - 34 RULE 10 ................................................................................................................................................. - 34 RULE 11 ................................................................................................................................................. - 34 -6-

RULE 12 ................................................................................................................................................. - 34 -
III. REPRESENTATION AND CREDENTIALS ..................................................................................... - 35 RULE 13 ................................................................................................................................................. - 35 RULE 14 ................................................................................................................................................. - 35 RULE 15 ................................................................................................................................................. - 35 RULE 16 ................................................................................................................................................. - 35 RULE 17 ................................................................................................................................................. - 35 -
IV. PRESIDENCY ............................................................................................................................. - 35 RULE 18 ................................................................................................................................................. - 35 RULE 19 ................................................................................................................................................. - 36 RULE 20 ................................................................................................................................................. - 36 -
V. SECRETARIAT ............................................................................................................................ - 36 RULE 21 ................................................................................................................................................. - 36 RULE 22 ................................................................................................................................................. - 36 RULE 23 ................................................................................................................................................. - 36 RULE 24 ................................................................................................................................................. - 36 RULE 25 ................................................................................................................................................. - 36 RULE 26 ................................................................................................................................................. - 37 -
VI. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS ........................................................................................................... - 37 RULE 27 ................................................................................................................................................. - 37 RULE 28 ................................................................................................................................................. - 37 RULE 29 ................................................................................................................................................. - 37 RULE 30 ................................................................................................................................................. - 37 RULE 31 ................................................................................................................................................. - 37 RULE 32 ................................................................................................................................................. - 37 RULE 33 ................................................................................................................................................. - 38 RULE 34 ................................................................................................................................................. - 38 RULE 35 ................................................................................................................................................. - 38 RULE 36 ................................................................................................................................................. - 38 RULE 37 ................................................................................................................................................. - 38 RULE 38 ................................................................................................................................................. - 39 RULE 39 ................................................................................................................................................. - 39 -
VII. VOTING ................................................................................................................................... - 39 -7-

RULE 40 ....................................................................................................................................... - 39 VIII. LANGUAGE ............................................................................................................................. - 39 RULE 41 ................................................................................................................................................. - 39 RULE 42 ................................................................................................................................................. - 39 RULE 43 ................................................................................................................................................. - 39 RULE 44 ................................................................................................................................................. - 39 RULE 45 ................................................................................................................................................. - 40 -
IX. PUBLICITY OF MEETINGS, RECORDS ........................................................................................ - 40 RULE 46 ................................................................................................................................................. - 40 RULE 47 ................................................................................................................................................. - 40 RULE 48 ................................................................................................................................................. - 40 RULE 49 ................................................................................................................................................. - 40 RULE 50 ................................................................................................................................................. - 40 RULE 51 ................................................................................................................................................. - 40 RULE 52 ................................................................................................................................................. - 41 RULE 53 ................................................................................................................................................. - 41 RULE 54 ................................................................................................................................................. - 41 RULE 55 ................................................................................................................................................. - 41 -
X. RELATIONS WITH OTHER UNITED NATIONS ORGANS .............................................................. - 41 RULE 56 ................................................................................................................................................. - 41 -
FORMAT OF A DRAFT RESOLUTION ...................................................................................... - 43 SAMPLE DRAFT RESOLUTION........................................................................................................ - 45 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ..................................................................................................................................................- 47 GENERAL RULES ...............................................................................................................................................................- 48 -
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RESEARCH AND PREPARATION FOR ROMEMUN 2012

The RomeMUN Conference is an educational project with the purposes of: 1) Increasing the practical and experience-based approach to college study in Italy; 2) Providing delegates from different countries worldwide the possibility to acquire skills and experience that will be useful both during and after college; 3) Bringing youth closer to the United Nations institutions and activities. RomeMUN prides itself on realizing, for the second time in Rome, an international meeting which allows hundreds of college-level students to address some of the most important and delicate issues of our time. In this guide you will find all the guidelines necessary in order to become a successful delegate. However, be aware that in order to achieve this goal your contribution is essential, as it is the main part of the conference. Please note: the key to being a successful RomeMUN delegate is through your preparation before the final conference All MUN projects around the world are very complex, particularly for those who are experiencing their first conference. With that said, this guide aims to give you the best tools in order to prepare yourself. If you have any questions or doubts about the content of this guide, please feel free to contact RomeMUN staff for personal assistance, the following are the most useful contacts: RomeMUN Executive Director (about the general organization) Dr. Daniela Conte presidente@romemun.org RomeMUN Secretary General (about procedural aspects) Dr. Sabika Zehra sc@romemun.org
General Assembly First Committee Chair Ebenezer Essilfie-Nyame Director Iglika Mancheva Ga1@romemun.org
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General Assembly Second Committee Chair Aditi Agrawal Director Donata Faccia Ga2@romemun.org General Assembly Third Committee Chair Adjei Maxwell Director Made Handijaya Dewantara Ga3@romemun.org Security Council Chair Nihal Hatem Ezz Director Donatella Gomez Paloma sc@romemun.org Lets know better your chairs and directors!! Sabika Zehra- Secretary General I was born in India but have been raised in the Middle East. I am currently pursuing my Bachelors in International Relations and International Economics with a minor in Actuarial Mathematics at the American University of Sharjah(AUS), UAE. On campus, I work with the Student Leadership Program and was on the Organizing Committee for the 2011 AUS Student Leadership Conference. I was selected to represent India at the Global Village for Future Leaders of Business and Industry (2011) in Pennsylvania, US. My academic focus is on Development Economics. I have interned at the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. I am involved in several other micro-projects that deal with community development. In addition to Development Economics, I am also interested in International Humanitarian Law. I have participated in Moot Court competitions in the United States of America. This year,I will be representing AUS at the Jessup Moot Court in Washington D.C. My experience with Model UN began while I was still in High School. Since then I have participated, organized, chaired over 13 MUNs around the world. My participation in the Model UN in fact shaped my choice of career in International Civil Service. I am currently the President of MUN International Association at AUS. In this capacity, I select and train students to attend international MUN competitions. Last year, I attended RomeMUN as a Delegate of Democratic Republic of Congo and was awarded the "Most Outstanding Delegation". It was truly a great experience in a great city. I am honored to be serving as the Secretary General for RomeMUN 2012. I am committed to
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make this Conference an enriching and memorable experience for all the participants. I look forward to seeing you in March. GA 1 Committee Ebenezer Essilfie-Nyame was born and raised in Ghana. He is a final year student studying his bachelors degree in Environmental Science at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Due to his interest in the activities of the United Nations and Global issues, Ebenezer has been engaging in Model UN activities since 2006 with both local and international participation as a delegate, committee director, chair, rapporteur, General Assembly President and Secretary General. He has helped to organize several MUN programs in his country and trained a lot of students. For Ebenezer, MUN has been a great breakthrough; as he has developed important life skills, better understood the challenges faced by communities around the world, met a lot of people throughout the World, and inspired him to take up various actions and leadership opportunities. Outside Model UN, he dedicates most of his time to work with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) representation in Ghana as a volunteer, and serves as the Editor-In-Chief of The Environ Newsletter - an annual newsletter which focuses on environmental issues and seeks to champion environmental stewardship in our World today. Sports also play an important role in his life with special interest in soccer a diehard Barcelona f.c supporter. Ebenezer is deeply humbled by the opportunity to chair the First Committee at Rome MUN 2012 and sees this as a great networking and idea-sharing opportunity; because one day, not too far off, many of us will receive the reigns from the current leaders and decision-makers and we will be in charge of the future of our wonderful World. Born and raised in Sofia, Bulgaria, Iglika Mancheva is currently pursuing a BA in International Affairs at John Cabot University in Rome. Having graduated from the American College of Sofia, Iglika has grown up in a multinational environment, and has developed a profound interest in international politics. After her first MUN experience at SOFIMUN in 2010, Iglika was fascinated by the opportunities Model United Nations provide students with in expanding their competence in international and domestic politics, law, and economics. Since then, she has participated in conferences across Europe. Iglika is looking forward to a challenging learning experience at her first RomeMUN conference. She is eager to meet young
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enthusiastic people from around the globe, and work together towards the building a better tomorrow!
GA 2 Committee Aditi Agrawal. I am a second year English literature student at Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi University. I am also a social entrepreneur and love working towards the development of society in any possible way. I have co-founded ngo Fuel and worked with organizations such as Teach For India and lets graduate. TFI was one of the most transformational experiences of my life wherein I was responsible for twenty-six children and it provided me with unparalleled leadership skills. I am also interning with a social business called Whats up Bharat which is developing a cool platform to engage and empower the youth of India. I am extremely passionate about MUNs and have participated in various national and international conferences. I love everything about them- the United Nations, the interaction with people of different cultures, backgrounds, countries, the level of diplomacy and negotiations, the debate and so on. I have been a delegate, an organizing committee member, a chief editor and an executive board member at MUNs; however, my favourite role is that of a delegate. My name is Donata Faccia and I will be the Director for the General Assembly 2 the Economic and Financial committee at RomeMUN 2012. Please let me introduce myself. Im in my last year of the Graduate Programme in Economics and Finance Economics and Public Finance pathway- at Padua University and Im working as tutor in the School of Economics and Business Administration. Before I graduated in Economics and Business (summa cum laude). During my bachelor studies I attended the International Summer Programme in Management (Michigan University), I was an intern in Regione Veneto and I was an Erasmus student in Austria. I have previous experiences in RomeMUN conferences: I represented the delegation of Lesotho during RomeMUN 2010 conference, when I was awarded as honourable mention delegation; last year I worked during the RomeMUN 2011 edition as staff member and this year Im working as North Italy coordinator. As the Director of GA- 2 committee I will serve as expert on committee decisions and i wll be responsible for overseeing the entire resolution process and approving draft resolutions.
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GA 3 Committee I am Maxwell Adjei, you can simply call me Max. I was born and raised in a city in Ghana called Kumasi. I am in my final year at the University of Ghana pursuing a degree in Political Science. My interest in International Relations developed when I joined the United Nations Students Association on University of Ghana campus. I played several roles within this association and worked closely with numerous Ambassadors and Diplomats representing their countries in Ghana. I am currently the Conference and Training Director of the association. In order to get a practical sense of activities within the UN, I have attended numerous conferences organized by the United Nations University, Tokyo- Japan and UNU-INRA. Over the years I have engaged myself in many MUNs both locally and internationally playing roles as a delegate or official. In 2010, I led the Greek delegation as the Head Delegate to the Global Model UN in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. I have been the Under Secretary General for Conference Management and General Assembly at the Ghana International Model UN (GIMUN) 2010, a Conference Director at the GIMUN 2011 and a General Assembly Vice President at the Global Model UN 2011. In 2011, I was a Co-Chairman of the Model African Union Summit (MAUS) organized by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of Ghana. I was among the short listed 450 youth around the world who took part in the International Students Festival in Trondheim, Norway in 2011. My personal view of life is that with dedication, determination, and discipline, success is inevitable. It is a pleasure for me to be able to devote myself assisting you on the General Assembly 3, Rome Model United Nations 2012, Italy. My names Made Handijaya Dewantara from Bali, Indonesia and I humbly welcome you as Director on this council. I have several Model UN experiences as part of official and also as delegate, both in national and international level. In some of those MUNs, I can reach honorable mention as the best delegate. My international conference experiences actually wasnt begun in Model UN format and Ive seen there are so many uniqueness also more learning points can be gained through a Model UN conference. In my country, I have several youth activities and some organization experiences, which mostly related to social and humanitarian fields. Currently, Im still a member of Indonesian Future Leaders, Indo-Debaters, and other regional and local youth organizations. Besides achievements in Model UN, I also have several competition rewards, especially in scientific writing, debating, and essay writing competitions. I assume that the moment would be very prestigious. This becomes very interesting because by
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following Rome MUN, we will not only learn how to involve in a world-class Model UN conference, but also can share experiences and knowledge with the world's students with different backgrounds. So, see you soon in Rome, the beautiful city in Italy.
Security Council Nihal Hatem Ezz Model United Nations has been a new experience within a concurrent aspect of my personality, that concurrent aspect is my drive to develop my country through MUN. I have been a student in different MUNs in Egypt since high school; I can owe the development of my personal and professional skills as well as the cultivation of my political awareness to Model United Nations. 2011 was our first year Cairo Universitys delegation (ALMUN) had the chance to attend an international conference; NMUN, which stipulates to me and all the ALMUN team a huge accomplishment and a turning point in the role of ALMUN in the Egyptian Society. In Egypt we are at times of transition where all our values are questioned the most, maintaining the assertiveness on ones goals becomes the hardest challenge. Sending the first NMUN delegation was a testament for our perseverance at the times of the revolution, going through this challenge I became more committed to help sending future delegations from Cairo University to NMUN and to have an active role in NMUN. My contribution to RomeMUN 2012 is a collection of every aspect of my personality, academic background, culture and experience. My academic contribution as a chair will be of a diverse, holistic nature for that my focus in University studies was statistics and its application in social sciences. While my passion to Model United Nations and other political simulations ignited me to excel in the area of political science and develop analytical skills as well as writing skills of political nature. This contribution will entail the combination between the different experiences and positions I held in the different activities and the initiatives I were part of during my university study. In return this experience will contribute to me in my personal development and in the evolution of my participation in international conferences and having the chance to give back in an outstanding venue. For that my goals in life stipulate around helping my country develop in the international arena, helping in the organization and the realization of this conference will
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provide me with the qualifications and the stamina to achieve said goals. Hello, my name is Donatella Gomez Paloma. I was born in Naples, Italy, and attended an Englishspeaking school for most of my life. At the age of eighteen, I continued my college studies in Rome where I started John Cabot University. Currently, I am a junior-level student majoring in International Affairs, who wishes to become an International lawyer in the future. Last summer, I participated in a summer session at Harvard University in Boston where I followed two fascinating courses centered on Law and Psychology, and International Conflict and Cooperation. My willingness in participating in Model United Nations, as a Secretary in my school's Club and in conferences around Europe, derives from my strong interest in both Internationality and diplomacy. I look forward to meeting all of the delegates!
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USEFUL REMINDER In preparing for MUN it is useful to learn how to manage your time, as well as using smart study habits. In studying smartly you must be ORGANIZED! Try using this method to help you prioritize what you should be studying before the conference begins. There are six main areas of research which should be addressed in the preparation process: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The structure and history of the United Nations Understand what a Model United Nations conference is Study the structure and history of the General Assembly (GA) Understand the politics of your assigned Member-State* Focus on the agenda topics from what is written in the background guides and beyond Prepare a position paper outlining your Member States policies towards the agenda topics Understand the Rules of Procedures
How to find sources about these six main areas of research? The RomeMUN background guides provide detailed explanations of topics as well as what has been done by the GA sub-committees and Security Council to reach their goals. You will have to research you countrys position on all three topics in order to be able to participate successfully in the conference.
*Remember, you are NOT representing your opinion!
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1. Study the structure and history of the United Nations
Use as references the UN Charter; here we quote only the Preamble of the Charter for all chapters see http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/intro.shtml : WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED

to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
AND FOR THESE ENDS

to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,
HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.1 Other useful sources: United Nations website: http://www.un.org On the Web site of the United Nations you can access individual committee sites, links to specific issues on the UNs agenda, related information and data, and links to Representations of Member States to the UN, etc. United Nations Bibliographic Information System: http://unbisnet.un.org/ This source is one of the most basic and useful sources, including UN documents, resolutions of UN bodies, meeting and voting records or press releases. United Nations WebTV: http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/preamble.shtml This source is useful if you want to see with your eyes what really happens inside the UN bodies, the most important meeting of UN are recorded here. To see the videos it is necessary to download Real Player program.
1
Charter of the United Nations, UN official website, from http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/preamble.shtml
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2. Understanding what a Model United Nations conference is
Model UN Conferences are formative programs aimed to teach students the inner workings of the United Nations. Participants represent member countries in a simulation-game of multilateral diplomacy, reproducing the debate of one or more UN committees like real delegates. The aim of this experience-based program is to find common and effective solutions on the agenda topics by signing and approving a number of resolutions. Model UN conferences have been organized in many countries all over the world; the most prestigious ones are based in New York at the official UN building like the National Model United Nations. The history of the Italian participation to Model UN is recent, that is why an official international MUN has never taken place in Rome before. In an MUN conference delegates reproduce two main aspects of multilateral negotiations, the formal and informal debate. Formal debate is a simulation of the committees meetings where member states express their own positions in front of the entire Assembly trough brief speeches (details on the rules of procedures section); the informal debate is a way to speed up the process of debating; also called with the parliamentary term Caucus, the informal debate is a procedural time out, where the committee can break down into smaller groups for discussing the topic, drafting resolutions, or debating the merits of various resolutions. For a deeper look into MUN world see the video Model United Nations for Everyone.
3. Study the structure and history of the GA Plenary
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The RomeMUN 2012 conference will consist of the simulation of the following committees: General Assembly 1-2-3- committees and Security Council, so it is necessary that everyone understands the role and the history of one of those bodies of the United Nations. Lets start screening the video about the UN GA, focus on Segment I, III, IV:
SEGMENT I: INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY Presented by Ambassador Ahmad Kamal
This tape is an excellent introduction to the UN General Assembly, perfect for new students of the UN or Model UN. Ambassador Kamal provides details and his personal insight on topics such as: -Main organs of the UN and their functions -Charter of the UN and rules of the GA -Use of the rules to achieve Representatives' goals -Rights of UN Member States -Mechanics of debates in the GA -And many more Running time: 40 minutes
SEGMENT III: INTERVIEW WITH AMBASSADORS TO THE GA Featuring Ambassador Sir Jeremy Greenstock (United Kingdom) and Ambassador Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Egypt)
Ambassadors Greenstock and Aboul Gheit engage in a moderated discussion about diplomacy in the UN GA. Topics of discussion include: -What is the real importance of the GA? -How important are individuals in molding GA resolutions? -How important is negotiation in the GA? -Can the UN learn any new procedures from Model UN students? -And many more This Segment is an excellent resource on diplomacy for both beginning and advanced audiences. Running time: 32 minutes
SEGMENT IV: INTERVIEW WITH THE PRESIDENT OF THE GA Featuring H.E. Mr. Han Seung-Soo, President of the 56th GA
Ambassador Kamal and President Han discuss topics including: -What is the President role in reconciling the conflicting national interests represented at the UN? -How does the President provide leadership in the GA? How is this authority granted? -What is the relationship between the GA and the Security Council? -How did the events of 11 September 2001 impact the work and priorities of the GA? This rare, taped footage of a General Assembly President is an excellent resource for any audience. Running time: 16 minutes
For more information see GA Plenary website http://www.un.org/ga/
4. Understand the politics of your assigned Member-State

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At the RomeMUN conference you are the representative of your assigned member state. DO NOT FORGET IT! One of the scopes of the simulation is to represent your member state as honestly and correctly as possible. That is why it is so important that the most part of your individual research focuses on the general overview of your country (populations, labor sectors, natural resources, type of government, economy, position in the international arena, important alliances, economical and social issues), and particularly about what your country has done regarding the three agenda topics. The CIA World Fact Book (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/) provides you a general presentation about your country. Your individual research must focus on what actions your country as taken in the United Nations.
5. Focus on the Agenda Topics

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As a participant of any MUN conference you have to present a position paper before the beginning of the conference. A position paper is a document in which you present the position of your member state on the agenda topics. In order to write a strong position paper, you must understand the topics, and know how your country feels about each topic, as well as any actions your country has taken in favor or against each topic. Our suggestion is to study topics one by one and then write down the position paper. RomeMUN provides you the background guide with an introduction of each topic and an extensive annotated bibliography. The guide represents an understanding of how each of the topics has been addressed in the last year at the international level and particularly in the UN. In order to exchange points of view with the other delegates attending RomeMUN and to receive more information about the agenda topics, the RomeMUN team has set up an online forum. The RomeMUN team will be hosting meetings on the forum for all of the delegates to participate in throughout the end of February and the beginning of March. The forum can be found at this link www.romemun.org/forum. (Detailed information about these meetings will be available as soon as possible)
6. Prepare a Position Paper

ALL POSITION PAPERS MUST BE SENT BY MARCH 11TH TO info@romemun.org The following are the main guidelines for writing your position paper. All position papers will be saved onto a CD; each delegation will receive a copy of this collection at the beginning of the RomeMUN conference. The position paper has to be prepared by each delegation; it is the summary of your country position on the topics set in the agenda. The position paper is one of the most important parts of your preparation. It is the beginning point of your research and one of the ways you will be presenting your countrys political position on the agenda topics. The best position paper will be awarded at the closing ceremony of the conference. All papers must be formatted as following: length must not exceed one double-spaced page or two single-spaced pages font must be Times New Roman size 10 pt or 12 pt your country name clearly labeled on the first page each agenda topic should be clearly labeled national symbols are inappropriate
The majority of your preparation time for the Conference will be spent researching your actual committee topics. Search for speeches made by your country on the topic, as well as important resolutions that were discussed.
What are you looking for in your research?

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Basic Questions: 1. Which is the focus of each of the topics? 2. Why are these issues important internationally? Especially for your country? 3. If this issue has been addressed previously by the GA or SC, why does it remain unresolved? 4. What are the most important resolutions on each topic? Is your country a signatory? 5. What actions have various international bodies taken in the past regarding these issues? 6. What actions are being taken, or what committees exist to address them? 7. What should be done from the perspective of your state to solve the issues? Please note that your position paper must cover what the UN and your country have done previously to address the matter, what is currently in place, and what is planned for the future. Internal structure of the position paper: 1. Introduction: Historical excursus (in brief) and Focus on topic; 2. Problem analysis: Political relevance of the topic, actions taken in the past by your country, Statements of political representatives of your country (Head of State, Ministries), reference to previous agreements to implement or to modify; 3. Solutions and proposals: Possible solutions, strategies proposals and actions to be taken, proposing at least one resolution, recommendation or declaration of principles, Cooperation with regional or international organizations. The Position Paper must be coherent: -Internal coherence: logical evolvement of the essay, starting from the problem and ending with the solutions -External Coherence: declarations in line with the real politics of the represented country An example of a position paper is on the next page.
Position Paper Example

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Delegation from Malaysia Position Paper for General Assembly 2 The topics before the General Assembly are: eradicate extreme hunger and poverty; protecting the earth facing the climate change; the role of the youth in fostering intercultural dialogue. Malaysia is a affirm believer that a just and equitable international system needs to be in place for nations to reach peace, security and to pursue economic advancement. However, recent international events have dealt with the 3F crises fuel, food and finance adversely affecting nations worldwide. These crises are the most visible evidences of how interdependent the community of nations has become. Malaysia believes that the UN continues to be a relevant organization to provide a platform for nations seeking collective solutions to global problems. 1. Eradicate the extreme hunger and poverty For half of a century, Malaysia has been trying to promote just economic system, which guarantees equal opportunities for every ethnic group. In fact, a priority for the government, as the Article 25 of the Universal Human Rights Declarations states, is to ensure every citizen a high standard of life, and adequate social services including access to food, clothing, housing, and medical care. Our progress to eradicate poverty and hunger has been demonstrated by the most recent United Nation Development Program (UNDP) report; in fact the New Economic Plan (NEP) created in the 1970s built a strong economic system based on urbanization that has reduced the poverty trend. It is effectively known that in 1970 half of our population lived below the poverty line, in 2005 just 5.5%. We appreciate the solutions brought by the institution of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) but these are not sufficient on their own. Respecting one of the common goals to halve the hunger rate between 1990 and 2015, since 1993 Malaysia has reduced the percentage of children under five years old who are underweight from 23.3% to 10.6%. This is only the first step of our development strategy, our ambition is to improve the results achieved in these past few years. However we are convinced that a better world can be built only with just and transparent laws. As underlined in the 2009 Non Aligned Movement (NAM) summit in Sharm El Sheikh, there is an urgent need to reform the UN system to give more representation to every member. An important agency like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the expression of the global subordination of developing countries under the current economic power. Many times the poorer countries remain with a growing debt caused by the unsustainable rates of the loans given by the International Monetary Fund. It is deeply unfair that the financial policies of this institution are under the unilateral oligopoly of few developed countries. Agreeing with resolution A/64/418/Add.3, the issue of foreign debt is fundamental to cope with the problem of hunger and extreme poverty, but it isnt a sufficient reason to get rid of the interest rates on low-income countries until 2011. The crisis we are living in points out how in this system the poorest countries are the most affected. As reported by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in the 2009 Rome summit report, the number of malnourished people across the globe has increased from 824 million in 1992 to 963 million in 2007- 2008. Asian and South Pacific countries have the highest number of hungry people: 642 million. These numbers make regional cooperation fundamental in order to combat the food crisis. Because of the volatility of food prices, every nation with an agriculture-based economy has suffered. For this reason, we want to discuss a reform of the global financial system that could ensure effective rules on the protection of economies based on the agricultural production. Too often, food prices have been used as an instrument for political and economic pressure and this is unacceptable. Food security and the objective to eradicate extreme poverty are essential topics guarantying international peace and security. 2. Protecting earth, how to face climate change? Climate change is already happening and represents one of the greatest environmental, social, and economic threats facing the planet. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 (IPCC) and the report on the Security implications on climate change for the UN system (2004) climate change has been causing: warmer temperatures; more rainfall, more frequent and severe floods and droughts; rising sea levels, which are further expanded by run off from melting continental ice fields; increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and tornadoes; and extended ranges and seasons for tropical disease carriers. Malaysia is among the countries most involved in working together with the UN to partially solve the problem of global warming by cutting greenhousegas emissions (GHGs) and helping vulnerable nations adapt to the adverse consequences of global warming. Although we
2
This is one of position papers which received the Award as best position paper in RomeMUN 2010
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are a developing country with few resources, Malaysia is slowly achieving all of the MDG's concerning the matter of protecting the environment. We ratified the Kyoto protocol in 2002 and have participated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and also ratified the Montreal Protocol concerning the Ozone Depletion Substances (ODS) and are committed to these causes. Despite our efforts, Malaysia still remains one of the most vulnerable nations facing climate change, as reported in the Executive Talk Global Warming: Climate Change Adaptation organised by the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD). For this reason Malaysias intention is to balance the goals of socio-economic development and the maintenance of sound environmental conditions as affirmed in the First National Communication to the UNFCCC, which aims to continue our development but in a sustainable way. Aiming to realize this goal, Malaysia not only strongly promotes to curb deforestation, as it releases harmful GHGs, and in this way helps to preserve biodiversity as the cornerstone of its economy. Moreover, we would like to continue to use our own natural resources towards Energy Efficiency (EE) and strengthen its commitment on the issue. Deeply conscious of the fact that in the past few years our nation successfully initiated Renewable Energy projects, like the Renewable Photovoltaic Energy agreement with Japan (as the climatic conditions in Malaysia are favourable for the development of solar energy), the Biofuel Policy on Palm Oil and the Malaysian Building Integrated Photovoltaic Technology Application Project (MBIPV). Referring to Article 4.7 of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) by Developing Countries and resolution A/63/L.8/Rev.1 of the 85th General Assembly Plenary it was vital that Member States, particularly industrialized nations, promote sustainable development, while adhering to the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, and fully implement Agenda 21 and other relevant development commitments. Agreeing with this, and despite the fundamental support of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Center for Environment, Technology and Development Malaysia (CETDEM) Malaysia needs more help from the Climate Funds and the Multilateral Climate Technology Fund (MCTF), to make our sustainable projects become realities. Above all we would like to receive help from more developed countries.
PLEASE NOTE THAT U HAVE TO PREPARE ONE POSITION PAPER PER COMMITTEE, SO IF YOUR COUNTRY IS REPRESENTED IN ALL THE 4 COMMITTEES U HAVE TO DO 4 POSITION PAPERS. EACH POSITION PAPER WILL BE PREPARED BY THE ONE OR TWO MEMBERS OF EACH COMMITTEE.
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Awards criteria for RomeMUN position papers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Overall quality of writing, proper style, grammar, etc. Citation of relevant resolutions/documents General Consistency with bloc/geopolitical constraints Consistency with the constraints of the United Nations Analysis of issue, rather than reiteration of the Committee Background Guide Receipt of the position paper by March 11th (.doc or .pdf)
All position papers are due by the 11th of March by email to info@romemun.org, any late papers will not be considered for an award. PLEASE TITLE EACH E-MAIL/DOCUMENT WITH THE NAME OF THE COMMITTEE, AND ASSIGNMENT NAME (Example: GA 1_NAMIBIA or SC_GABON)
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7. ROMEMUN RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY COMMITTEES3
GENERAL RULES
RULE 1: SCOPE These rules for the General Assembly are self-sufficient, except for modifications provided by the Secretary General, and will be considered adopted in advance of session. No other rules of procedure are applicable. RULE 2: LANGUAGE English will be the official and working language of the General Assembly. RULE 3: DELEGATIONS Each member state and Accredited Observer will be represented by one delegation. Each delegation of a member state will be made up by one or two delegates. Each delegation shall have one vote. RULE 4: CREDENTIALS The credentials of all delegations have been accepted upon registration. Actions relating to the modification of rights, privileges, or credentials of any member may not be initiated without the written consent of the Secretary General. Any representative to whose admission a member objects will provisionally be seated with the same rights as other representatives, pending a decision from the Secretary General. RULE 5: PARTICIPATION OF NON-MEMBERS Representatives of Accredited Observers will have the same rights as those of full members, except that they may not sign or vote on draft resolutions or amendments. A representative of a state organization that is not a member of the United Nations or an Accredited Observer may address a committee only with the prior approval of the Secretary General. RULE 6: STATEMENTS BY THE SECRETARIAT The Secretary General or a member of the Secretariat designated by him/her may at any time make either written or oral statements to the General Assembly. RULE 7: GENERAL POWERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY STAFF The Chair will declare the opening and closing of each meeting and may propose the adoption of any procedural motion to which there is no significant objection. The Chair, subject to these rules, will have complete control of the proceedings at any meeting. The Chair will also direct discussions, accord the right to speak, pose questions, announce decisions, rule on points of order and motions, keep time and ensure the liveliness of the debate. The Chair may temporarily transfer his or her duties to the Director, Assistant Director or Rapporteur. The Director is responsible for overseeing the entire resolution process and approving draft resolutions.
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Part of Rules of Procedures are used with permission from World Model UN - 26 -

The Assistant Director is responsible for aiding the Director in the resolution process, specifically with resolution formatting and non-substantive questions. The Rapporteur is responsible for keeping the General Assembly in order by maintaining the speakers list, calling roll, and tracking all resolutions and votes. General Assembly staff members may also advise delegations on the possible course of debate. In the exercise of these functions, the General Assembly staff will be at all times subject to these rules and responsible to the Secretary General. RULE 8: QUORUM The Chair may declare the General Assembly open and permit debate to proceed when at least onequarter of the members of the General Assembly (as declared at the beginning of the first session) are present. A member of the General Assembly is a representative who is officially registered with the Conference. The presence of a majority of the members will be required for the vote on any substantive motion. A quorum will be assumed to be present unless specifically challenged and shown to be absent. A roll call is never required to determine the presence of a quorum. RULE 9: COURTESY Delegates will show courtesy and respect to the General Assembly staff and to other delegates. The Chair will immediately call to order any delegate who fails to comply with this rule.
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RULES GOVERNING DEBATE

RULE 10: AGENDA The first order of business for the General Assembly will be consideration of the Agenda. A motion should be made to put a topic area first on the agenda. This motion requires a second. The only topic areas that may be proposed for the agenda are those listed in the preparation materials. The Chair may modify these topic areas at his or her discretion. A committee in which only one topic area may be proposed for the agenda will be considered to have automatically adopted that topic area without debate. A Speakers List will be established for and against the motion; speakers for will speak in support of the topic area suggested, speakers against will speak in favor of the other topic area. A motion to close debate will be in order after the General Assembly has heard from two speakers for the motion and from two against, or all the speakers on one side and at least two on the opposite side. In accordance with the normal procedure described in Rule 14, the Chair will recognize two speakers against the motion to close debate, and a vote of two-thirds is required for closure of debate on the agenda. If the Speakers List on setting the agenda is exhausted, debate will automatically be closed even if a motion to close debate would not normally be in order. When debate is closed, the General Assembly will move to an immediate vote on the motion. A simple majority is required for passage. If the motion fails, the other topic area will automatically be placed first on the agenda. RULE 11: DEBATE After the Agenda has been determined, one continuously open Speakers List will be established for the purpose of general debate. This Speakers List will be followed for all debate on the Topic Area, except when superseded by procedural motions, amendments, or the introduction of a draft resolution. Speakers may speak generally on the Topic Area being considered and may address any draft resolution currently on the floor. Debate automatically closes when the Speakers List is exhausted. RULE 12: UNMODERATED CAUCUS A motion for an unmoderated caucus is in order at any time when the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. The delegate making the motion must briefly explain its purpose and specify a time limit for the caucus, not to exceed twenty minutes. The motion will immediately be put to a vote. A majority of members is required for passage. The Chair may rule the motion out of order.
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RULE 13: MODERATED CAUCUS The purpose of the moderated caucus is to facilitate substantive debate at critical junctures in the discussion. In a moderated caucus, the Chair will temporarily depart from the Speakers List and call on delegates to speak at his/her discretion. A motion for a moderated caucus is in order at any time when the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. The delegate making the motion must briefly explain its purpose and specify a time limit for the caucus, not to exceed twenty minutes, and a time limit for the individual speeches. Once raised, the motion will be voted on immediately, with a majority of members required for passage. The Chair may rule the motion out of order. No motions are in order during a moderated caucus. If no delegate wishes to speak during a moderated caucus, the caucus shall immediately end. RULE 14: CLOSURE OF DEBATE When the floor is open, a delegate may move to close debate on the substantive or procedural matter under discussion. Delegates may move to close debate on the general topic, debate on the agenda, or debate on an amendment. The Chair may rule such a motion dilatory. When closure of debate is moved, the Chair may recognize up to two speakers against the motion. If there are no speakers against the motion it automatically passes. No speaker in favor of the motion will be recognized. Closure of debate requires the support of two-thirds of the members present. If the General Assembly is in favor of closure, the Chair will declare the closure of the debate, and move the committee to immediate voting procedure. RULE 15: SUSPENSION OR ADJOURNMENT OF THE MEETING Whenever the floor is open, a delegate may move for the suspension of the meeting, to suspend all General Assembly functions until the next meeting, or for the adjournment of the meeting, to suspend all General Assembly functions for the duration of the Conference. The Chair may rule such motions out of order. When in order, such motions will not be debatable but will be immediately put to a vote, barring any motions taking precedence, and will require a majority to pass. A motion to adjourn will be out of order prior to the lapse of three-quarters of the time allotted for the last meeting of the General Assembly. RULE 16: POSTPONEMENT AND RESUMPTION OF DEBATE Whenever the floor is open, a delegate may move for the postponement of debate on a draft resolution, amendment, or topic currently on the floor. The motion, otherwise known as "tabling," will require a two-thirds vote to pass and will be debatable to the extent of one speaker in favor and one opposed. No debate or action will be allowed on any draft resolution, amendment, or topic on which debate has been postponed. A motion to resume debate on an amendment, draft resolution, or topic on which debate has been postponed will require a majority to pass and will be debatable to the extent of one speaker in favor and one opposed. If there is no speaker against, the motion automatically passes. Resumption of debate will cancel the effects of postponement of debate. The Chair has discretion over postponement of debate. RULE 17: RULES GOVERNING SPEECHES No delegate may address a session without having previously obtained the permission of the Chair. The Chair may call a speaker to order if his or her remarks are not relevant to the subject under discussion, do not follow correct parliamentary convention or are otherwise discourteous. The Chair may limit the time allotted to each speaker. The minimum time-limit will be thirty seconds. When a delegate exceeds the time limit, the Chair may call the speaker to order.
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RULES GOVERNING POINTS

RULE 18: POINTS OF PERSONAL PRIVILEGE Whenever a delegate experiences personal discomfort which impairs his or her ability to participate in debate, he or she may rise to a point of personal privilege to request that the discomfort be corrected. A delegate may rise to a point of personal privilege at any point during debate. While the point of personal privilege may interrupt a speaker, the delegate should only do so with the utmost discretion. RULE 19: POINTS OF ORDER At any point during debate, a delegate may rise to a point of order to indicate improper parliamentary procedure. At this time, the delegate rising to the point of order may not speak on the substance matter in discussion. The Chair will immediately decide the point of order in accordance with the rules of procedure and may rule the point out of order if it is improper. A staff member or delegate may not be interrupted with a point of order. RULE 20: POINTS OF PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Only when the floor is open, a delegate may rise to a point of parliamentary inquiry. A point of parliamentary inquiry allows the delegate to ask the Chair any question regarding the rules of procedure. A point of parliamentary inquiry may never interrupt a speaker and cannot refer to the substantial issue under discussion. In the case of a substantive inquiry, the delegate may either send a note to the Chair during the debate or approach the Chair during an unmoderated caucus.
RULES GOVERNING THE PATH TO A DRAFT RESOLUTION

RULE 21: WORKING PAPERS Delegates may propose working papers for General Assembly consideration. Working papers are intended to aid the Assembly in its discussion and formulation of draft resolutions and need not be written in draft resolution format. Working papers are not official documents, but do require the signature of the Director to be copied and distributed. Once distributed, delegates may begin to refer to that working paper by its designated number, but otherwise debated proceeds normally on the topic. RULE 22: DRAFT RESOLUTIONS A draft resolution may be introduced when it receives the approval of the Director and is signed by 20 members in the General Assembly. Signing a draft resolution need not indicate support of the draft resolution, and the signatory has no further obligations. Signing a draft resolution only indicates a desire for the draft resolution to be discussed in session. There are no official sponsors of draft resolutions. A draft resolution requires a simple majority of members voting pass. Only one draft resolution will be passed per topic area. After a draft resolution is passed, voting procedure will end and the Assembly will move directly into the second topic area.
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RULE 23: INTRODUCTION OF DRAFT RESOLUTIONS Once a draft resolution has been approved as stipulated above and has been copied and distributed, a delegate(s) may motion to introduce the draft resolution. The Director, time permitting, shall read the operative clauses of the draft resolution. A procedural vote is then taken to determine whether the resolution shall be introduced. Should the motion received the simple majority required to pass, the draft resolution will be considered introduced and on the floor. The Director, at his or her discretion, may answer any clarification points on the draft resolution. Any substantive points will be ruled out of order during this period. More than one draft resolution may be on the floor at any one time, but at most one draft resolution may be passed per Topic Area. A draft resolution will remain on the floor until debate on that specific draft resolution is postponed or closed or a draft resolution on that Topic Area has been passed. Debate on draft resolutions proceeds according to the general Speakers List for that topic area and delegates may then refer to the draft resolution by its designated number. No delegate may refer to a draft resolution until it is formally introduced. For a better explanation about how to draft a resolution see the UN Video, Segment II
SEGMENT II: DRAFTING OF UN RESOLUTIONS & DECISIONS Presented by Mr. Jean Gazarian
This tape walks through the life of a UN resolution, from drafting to completion. Topics are covered which are appropriate for both beginning and advanced students, including: Definition of resolutions and decisions Construction and parts of a resolution Terminology and accuracy in resolutions Lending emphasis to resolutions The semantics of resolutions -- how to add emotion in clauses The importance of negotiation, compromise and consensus building on draft resolutions Running time: 33 minutes RULE 24: AMENDMENTS Delegates may amend any draft resolution that has been introduced. Only one amendment may be introduced at any given time. An amendment must have the approval of the Director and the signatures of 12 members in the General Assembly. Amendments to amendments are out order; however, an amended part of a draft resolution may be further amended. There are no official sponsors of amendments or friendly amendments. Perambulatory phrases may not be amended. The final vote on the amendment is procedural. A motion to introduce an approved amendment may be introduced when the floor is open. If the motion receives the simple majority required to pass, the Director will read the amendment aloud, time permitting. General Debate will be suspended and a Speakers List will be established for and against the amendment. A motion to close debate will be in order after the General Assembly has heard from two speakers for the amendment and from two speakers against or from all the speakers on one side and at least two on the other side.
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Following the normal procedure the Director will recognize two speakers against the motion to close debate and a vote of two-thirds is required for closure. When debate is closed on the amendment, the General Assembly will move to an immediate vote. Amendments need a simple majority to pass. After the vote, debate will resume according to the general Speakers List.
RULES GOVERNING VOTING

RULE 25: PROCEDURAL VOTING Each delegation of the General Assembly, including observers, shall have one vote on procedural motions including votes on amendments. No abstentions are permitted on procedural matters. RULE 26: SUBSTANTIVE VOTING The only substantive question concerns the adoption of resolutions, where only full Member States may vote. Each vote may be a yes, no or abstain. Members present and voting will be defined as members casting an affirmative or negative vote only. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present or present and voting. In this circumstance, a vote may be considered by the Chair and on the recommendation of the Chair an important question under Article 18 of the UN Charter. Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a simple majority of the members present and voting. A simple majority requires a greater number of 'yes' votes than 'no' votes. A tie will fail. A two-thirds majority requires at least twice as many yes votes as no votes. RULE 27: VOTING Voting shall normally be by a show of placards, except when the Chair has authorized a roll call vote or where a motion for a roll call vote has been passed by a simple majority of the General Assembly.
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RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR SECURITY COUNCIL

1. These rules shall be the only rules which apply to the Security Council (hereinafter, referred to as the Council) and shall be considered adopted by the Council prior to its first meeting. 2. For purposes of these rules, the Security Council Director, the Assistant Director(s), the UnderSecretaries-General, and the Assistant Secretaries-General are designates and agents of the SecretaryGeneral and Director-General, and are collectively referred to as the Secretariat. 3. Interpretation of the rules shall be reserved exclusively to the Director-General or her/his or her designate. Such interpretation shall be in accordance with the philosophy and principles of the National Model United Nations, and in furtherance of the educational mission of that organization. 4. For the purposes of these rules, President shall refer to the chairperson, or acting chairperson of the Council.
I. MEETINGS
RULE 1 Meetings of the Security Council shall, with the exception of the periodic meetings referred to in rule 4, be held at the call of the President any time he or she deems necessary.
RULE 2
The President shall call a meeting of the Security Council at the request of any member of the Council. RULE 3 The President shall call a meeting of the Security Council if a dispute or situation is brought to the attention of the Security Council under Article 35 or under Article 11 (3) of the Charter, or if the General Assembly makes recommendations or refers any question to the Security Council under Article 11 (2), or if the Secretary-General brings to the attention of the Security Council any matter under Article 99. RULE 4 Periodic meetings of the Security Council called for in Article 28 (2) of the Charter shall be held once a year, at such times as the Security Council may decide. RULE 5 Meetings of the Security Council shall normally be held at the seat of the United Nations. Any member of the Security Council or the Secretary-General may propose that the Security Council should meet at another place.
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Should the Security Council accept any such proposal, it shall decide upon the place and the period during which the Council shall meet at such place.
II. AGENDA
RULE 6
The Secretary-General shall immediately bring to the attention of all representatives on the Security Council all communications from States, organs of the United Nations, or the Secretary-General concerning any matter for the consideration of the Security Council in accordance with the provisions of the Charter.
RULE 7
The provisional agenda for each meeting of the Security Council shall be drawn up by the SecretaryGeneral and approved by the President of the Security Council. Only items which have been brought to the attention of the representatives of the Security Council in accordance with rule 6, items covered by rule 10, or matters which the Security Council had previously decided to defer may be included in the provisional agenda.
RULE 8
The provisional agenda for a meeting shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to the representatives on the Security Council at least three days before the meeting, but in urgent circumstances it may be communicated simultaneously with the notice of the meeting.
RULE 9
The first item of the provisional agenda for each meeting of the Security Council shall be the adoption of the agenda.
RULE 10
Any item of the agenda of a meeting of the Security Council, consideration of which has not been completed at that meeting, shall, unless the Security Council otherwise decides, automatically be included in the agenda of the next meeting.
RULE 11
The Secretary-General shall communicate each week to the representatives on the Security Council a summary statement on matters of which the Security Council is seized and of the stage reached in their consideration. RULE 12 The provisional agenda for each periodic meeting shall be circulated to the members of the Security Council at least twenty-one days before opening of the meeting. Any subsequent change in or addition to the provisional agenda shall be brought to the notice of the members at least five days before the meeting. The Security Council may, however, in urgent circumstances, make additions to
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the agenda at any time during a periodic meeting. The provisions of rule 7, paragraph one, and of rule 9, shall apply also to periodic meetings.
III. REPRESENTATION AND CREDENTIALS
RULE 13 Each member of the Security Council shall be represented at the meetings of the Security Council by an accredited representative. The credentials of a representative of the Security Council shall be communicated to the Secretary-General not less than twenty-four hours before he or she takes her/his seat on the Security Council. The credentials shall be issued either by the Head of State or of the Government concerned or by its Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Head of Government or Minister of Foreign Affairs of each member of the Security Council shall be entitled to sit on the Security Council without submitting credentials. RULE 14 Any Member of the United Nations not a member of the Security Council and any State not a Member of the United Nations, if invited to participate in a meeting or meetings of the Security Council, shall submit credentials for the representative appointed by it for this purpose. The credentials of such a representative shall be communicated to the Secretary-General not less than twenty-four hours before the meeting, which he or she is invited to attend. RULE 15 The credentials of representatives on the Security Council and of any representative appointed in accordance with rule 14 shall be examined by the Secretary-General who shall submit a report to the Security Council for approval. RULE 16 Pending the approval of the credentials of a representative on the Security Council in accordance with rule 15, such representatives shall be seated provisionally with the same rights as other representatives. RULE 17 Any representative on the Security Council, to whose credentials objection has been made within the Security Council, shall continue to sit with the same rights as other representatives until the Security Council has decided the matter.
IV. PRESIDENCY
RULE 18
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The Presidency of the Security Council shall be held in turn by the members of the Security Council in the English alphabetical order of their names. Each President shall hold office for one calendar month.
RULE 19
The President shall preside over the meetings of the Security Council and, under the authority of the Security Council, shall represent it in its capacity as an organ of the United Nations. RULE 20 Whenever the President of the Security Council deems that for the proper fulfillment of the responsibilities of the presidency he or she should not preside over the Council during the consideration of a particular question with which the member he represents is directly connected, he or she shall indicate her/ his decision to the Council. The presidential chair shall then devolve, for the purpose of the consideration of that question, on the representative of the member next in English alphabetical order, it being understood that the provisions of this rule shall apply to the representatives on the Security Council called upon successively to preside. This rule shall not affect the representative capacity of the President as stated in rule 19 or her/his duties under rule 7.
V. SECRETARIAT
RULE 21
The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the Security Council. The Secretary-General may authorize a deputy to act in his place at meetings of the Security Council. RULE 22 The Secretary-General, or his deputy acting on his behalf, may make either oral or written statements to the Security Council concerning any question under consideration by it. RULE 23 The Secretary-General may be appointed by the Security Council, in accordance with rule 28, as rapporteur for a specified question. RULE 24 The Secretary-General shall provide the staff required by the Security Council. This staff shall form a part of the Secretariat. RULE 25 The Secretary-General shall give to representatives on the Security Council notice of meetings of the Security Council and of its commissions and committees.
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RULE 26 The Secretary-General shall be responsible for the preparation of documents required by the Security Council and shall, except in urgent circumstances, distribute them at least forty-eight hours in advance of the meeting at which they are to be considered.
VI. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
RULE 27 The President shall call upon representatives in the order in which they signify their desire to speak. RULE 28 The Security Council may appoint a commission or committee or a rapporteur for a specified question. RULE 29 The President may accord precedence to any rapporteur appointed by the Security Council. The Chairman of a commission or committee, or the rapporteur appointed by the commission or committee to present its report, may be accorded precedence for the purpose of explaining the report. RULE 30 If a representative raises a point of order, the President shall immediately state his ruling. If it is challenged, the President shall submit his ruling to the Security Council for immediate decision and it shall stand unless overruled. RULE 31 Proposed resolutions, amendments, and substantive motions shall normally be placed before the representatives in writing. For purposes of this rule, all proposals shall be in the form of working papers prior to their approval by the Secretariat. Working papers will not be copied, or in any other way distributed, to the Council by the Secretariat. The distribution of such working papers is solely the responsibility of the sponsors of the working papers. Along these lines, and in furtherance of the philosophy and principles of the NMUN and for the purpose of advancing its educational mission, representatives should not directly refer to the substance of a working paper that has not yet been accepted as a draft resolution. After approval of a working paper, the proposal becomes a draft resolution and will be copied by the Secretariat for distribution to the Council. These draft resolutions are the collective property of the Council and, as such, the names of the original sponsors will be removed. The copying and distribution of amendments is at the discretion of the Secretariat, but the substance of all such amendments will be made available to all representatives in some form. RULE 32
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Principal motions and draft resolutions shall have precedence in the order of their submission. Parts of a motion or of a draft resolution shall be voted on separately at the request of any representative, unless the original mover objects. RULE 33 The following motions shall have precedence in the order named over all principal motions and draft resolutions relative to the subject before the meeting: 1. to suspend the meeting; 2. To adjourn the meeting; 3. To adjourn the meeting to a certain day or hour; 4. To refer any matter to a committee, to the Secretary-General or to a rapporteur; 5. To postpone discussion of the question to a certain day or indefinitely; or 6. To introduce an amendment. Any motion for the suspension or for the simple adjournment of the meeting shall be decided without debate. As the motion to adjourn the meeting, if successful, would end the meeting until the Councils next regularly scheduled meeting the following year, and in accordance with the philosophy and principles of the NMUN and in furtherance of its educational mission, the President will not entertain such a motion until the end of the last meeting of the Council. RULE 34 It shall not be necessary for any motion or draft resolution proposed by a representative on the Security Council to be seconded before being put to a vote. RULE 35 A motion or draft resolution can at any time be withdrawn so long as no vote has been taken with respect to it. RULE 36 If two or more amendments to a motion or draft resolution are proposed, the President shall rule on the order in which they are to be voted upon. Ordinarily, the Security Council shall first vote on the amendment furthest removed from the original proposal and then on the amendment next furthest removed until all amendments have been put to the vote, but when an amendment adds or deletes from the text of a motion or draft resolution, that amendment shall be voted on first. RULE 37 Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may be invited, as the result of a decision of the Security Council, to participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council when the Security Council considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected, or when a Member brings a matter to the attention of the Security Council in accordance with Article 35 (1) of the Charter. If the Council considers that the presence of a Member invited according to this rule is no longer necessary, it may withdraw the invitation again. Delegates invited to the Council according to this rule should also keep in mind their role and obligations in the committee that they were originally assigned to. For educational purposes of the NMUN Conference, the Secretariat may thus ask a delegate to return to his or her committee when his or her presence in the Council is no longer required.
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RULE 38 Any Member of the United Nations invited in accordance with the preceding rule, or in application of Article 32 of the Charter, to participate in the discussions of the Security Council may submit proposals and draft resolutions. These proposals and draft resolutions may be put to a vote only at the request of a representative of the Security Council. RULE 39 The Security Council may invite members of the Secretariat or other persons, whom it considers competent for the purpose, to supply it with information or to give other assistance in examining matters within its competence.
VII. VOTING
RULE 40 Voting in the Security Council shall be in accordance with the relevant Articles of the Charter and of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
VIII. LANGUAGE
RULE 41 English shall be the official and working language of the Security Council.
RULE 42
Any representative may make a speech in a language other than the language of the Security Council. In this case, he or she shall herself/himself provide for interpretation into English. This rule does not affect the total speaking time allotted to those representatives wishing to address the body in a language other than English. As such, both the speech and the interpretation must be within the set time limit. RULE 43 Verbatim records of meetings of the Security Council shall be drawn up in the language of the Council. RULE 44 All resolutions and other documents shall be published in the language of the Security Council.
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RULE 45 Documents of the Security Council shall, if the Security Council so decides be published in any language other than the language of the Council.
IX. PUBLICITY OF MEETINGS, RECORDS
RULE 46 Unless it decides otherwise, the Security Council shall meet in public. Any recommendation to the General Assembly regarding the appointment of the Secretary-General shall be discussed and decided at a private meeting. RULE 47 Subject to the provisions of rule 51, the verbatim record of each meeting of the Security Council shall be made available to representatives on the Security Council and to the representatives of any other States which have participated in the meeting not later than 10:00 a.m. of the first working day following the meeting. RULE 48 The representatives of the States which have participated in the meeting shall, within two working days after the time indicated in rule 49, inform the Secretary-General of any corrections they wish to have made in the verbatim record. RULE 49 The Security Council may decide that for a private meeting the record shall be made in single copy alone. This record shall be kept by the Secretary-General. The representatives of the States which have participated in the meeting shall, within a period of ten days, inform the Secretary-General of any corrections they wish to have made in this record. RULE 50 Corrections that have been requested shall be considered approved unless the President is of the opinion that they are sufficiently important to be submitted to the representatives of the Security Council. In the latter case, the representatives on the Security Council shall submit within two working days any comments they may wish to make. In the absence of objections in this period of time, the record shall be corrected as requested. RULE 51 The verbatim record referred to in rule 49 or the record referred to in rule 51, in which no corrections have been requested in the period of time required by rules 50 and 51, respectively, or which has been corrected in accordance with the provisions of rule 52, shall be considered as approved. It shall be signed by the President and shall become the official record of the Security Council.
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RULE 52 The official record of public meetings of the Security Council, as well as the documents annexed thereto, shall be published in the official language of the Council as soon as possible. RULE 53 At the close of each private meeting the Security Council shall issue a communiqu through the Secretary- General. RULE 54 The representatives of the Members of the United Nations which have taken part in a private meeting shall at all times have the right to consult the record of that meeting in the office of the SecretaryGeneral. The Security Council may at any time grant access to this record to authorized representatives of other Members of the United Nations. RULE 55 The Secretary-General shall, once each year, submit to the Security Council a list of the records and documents which up to that time have been considered confidential. The Security Council shall decide which of these shall be made available to other Members of the United Nations, which shall be made public, and which shall continue to remain confidential.
X. RELATIONS WITH OTHER UNITED NATIONS ORGANS
RULE 56 Any meeting of the Security Council held in pursuance of the Statute of the International Court of Justice for the purpose of the election of members of the Court shall continue until as many candidates as are required for all the seats to be filled have obtained in one or more ballots an absolute majority vote.
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APPENDIX
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FORMAT OF A DRAFT RESOLUTION
HEADING The title should be centered, in capital letters, above the main body of the draft resolution. The title can be as simple as DRAFT RESOLUTION. On the left margin and two lines below the title should be the committee and topic name. NOTE: There are no sponsors of a draft resolution. The signatures are only there to show that the committee wants to discuss the draft resolution. The names of authors should not be included.
BODY The draft resolution is written in the format of a long sentence, with the following rules: The draft resolution begins with The General Assembly for all GA committees. The next section, consisting of Perambulatory Clauses, describes the problem being addressed, recalls past actions taken, explains the purpose of the draft resolution, and offers support for the operative clauses that follow. Each clause in the preamble begins with an underlined word and ends with a comma. Operative Clauses are numbered and state the action to be taken by the body. These clauses are all with the present tense active verbs and are generally stronger words than those used in the Preamble. Each operative clause is followed by a semi-colon except the last, which ends with a period. Keeping in mind Noting further SAMPLE PREAMBULATORY/OPENING Noting further CLAUSES Noting with approval Noting with deep concern Noting with regret Affirming Noting with satisfaction Alarmed by Observing Approving Reaffirming Aware of Realizing Bearing in mind Recalling Believing Recognizing Cognizant of Referring Confident Seeking Contemplating Taking into account Convinced Taking note Declaring Viewing with appreciation Deeply concerned Welcoming Deeply conscious Deeply convinced Deeply disturbed SAMPLE OPERATIVE CLAUSES Deeply regretting Accepts Desiring Affirms Emphasizing Approves Expecting
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Expressing its appreciation Expressing its satisfaction Fulfilling Fully alarmed Fully aware Fully believing Further developing Further recalling Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having considered further Having devoted attention Authorizes Calls for Calls upon Condemns Confirms Congratulates Declares accordingly Draws attention Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope
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SAMPLE DRAFT RESOLUTION
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ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
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Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition GENERAL RULES

Being a Diplomat Remember that the most important aspect of being a RomeMUN delegate is to act as a foreign diplomat and/or expert. You are the representatives of the government and the peoples of the Member State to which you have been assigned and professional diplomats conduct themselves, and regard one another, with the utmost dignity and respect, regardless of foreign policy affiliation or personal feelings. Even if inside the committee it is possible to assist of strongly conflicting ideological perspectives all delegates must work closely together within the UN on diplomatic matters of mutual concern. Delegates personal opinions are entirely inapplicable during the course of the simulation. Clothing In keeping with the spirit of the simulation, delegates are required to wear formal dress, in a professional business style. Further, national symbols of any kind are forbidden in committee chambers, in accordance with practices of the UN. Only symbols associated specifically with the United Nations (e.g., the seal of the UN) are allowed in committee chambers. Decorum Decorum is one of the most important rules for the days of the simulation. The ability to conduct normal business while in formal or informal session is very difficult when decorum is not maintained. Delegates will be asked for their assistance in this aspect.
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Delegate Guide 2012

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DELEGATE PREPARATION GUIDE

RomeMUN 19-23 MARCH 2012

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition Tentative Programme

Moderator: Lorenzo Valeri Scientific Manager LUISS School of Government

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21 - European University of Rome, Viale degli Aldobrandeschi, 190

THURSDAY, MARCH 22 - European University of Rome, Viale degli Aldobrandeschi, 190

7.00 pm Delegate dance party

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Workshop: New images for our future: development-resources-cooperation.

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

VII. VOTING ................................................................................................................................... - 39 -7-

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X. RELATIONS WITH OTHER UNITED NATIONS ORGANS .............................................................. - 41 RULE 56 ................................................................................................................................................. - 41 -

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RESEARCH AND PREPARATION FOR ROMEMUN 2012

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

*Remember, you are NOT representing your opinion!

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

AND FOR THESE ENDS

Charter of the United Nations, UN official website, from http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/preamble.shtml

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

3. Study the structure and history of the GA Plenary

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

4. Understand the politics of your assigned Member-State

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

5. Focus on the Agenda Topics

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

6. Prepare a Position Paper

What are you looking for in your research?

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Position Paper Example

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

RULES GOVERNING DEBATE

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

RULES GOVERNING POINTS

RULES GOVERNING THE PATH TO A DRAFT RESOLUTION

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

RULES GOVERNING VOTING

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR SECURITY COUNCIL

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

III. REPRESENTATION AND CREDENTIALS

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

Rome Model United Nations 2012 Edition

VI. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS