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TheMcClellandLecture

ATributetoBram

OBJECTIVES
Demonstratethetechniquesofplastic limitanalysis(PLA)andtheadvantages ofsameforestimatingfoundation capacity

Outline
OffshoreFoundation ABriefHistory AnalysisofTypicalCasesIncluding IndividualandSystemsof ShallowFoundations PileFoundations ShowSimilaritiesandDifferencesinPLA andLimitEquilibriumTechniques

History TheEarlydays

History ShallowWaterStructures

History DeepWaterStructures

History ShallowFoundations

IDEALISATION
howcanmathematics,whichis soclearandprecise,andinso manywayssimple,beappliedto thephysicalworldwhich, althoughapparentlyconsistent, ismanysidedandextremely complex?.
Calladine,1969

COMPUTING Thepurposeof computingisinsight, notnumbers.


RichardHamming

ANASIDE

thissolutionwasobtainedusing theanalyticaltoolsavailabletous thissolutionwasobtainedusing theanalyticalfoolsavailabletous

SHALLOWFOUNDATIONS

ConventionalMethods

PlasticityApproach

ConventionalPlaneStrain BearingCapacitySolution

V/A=cNc +qNq +0.5BN

Prandtl

Reissner

Terzaghi

Mechanism

ThePlasticityApproachwith SomeWordsofCaution Mathematiciansareuseful animalswhoshouldbekeptin goldencagesandfedproblems judiciously. KarlTerzaghi

TheUpperBoundMethodofPlastic LimitAnalysis
Defineanadmissible mechanism Assumeavirtualvelocity oftheunknownloads Setexternalworkrates equaltointernalenergy dissipationrates Solvetheresulting equation Optimizethemechanism

AWordofEncouragement
Remember nooneeverreally understandsanything,wejustget usedtoit.

Example InclinedLoadMechanism
vo

V E

45

B B

Example1 Solution

EccentricLoadMechanism
H

yh

D
A R B

Brinch HansenMechanism

ScoopMechanism Randolph,etal

AlternativeFormulationsforShallow FoundationSystem

DetailedorExplicitMechanism

MacroorImplicitMechanism

StepByStepProcedureforMacroPLA PlanarModel(V&H)ofSystem
1. VirtualrotationaboutXo,Yo 2. Findfootingvelocitiesv&h 3. Usenormalitytoformratiosof velocitiese.g v/h 4. Equatethesetoratiosfrom mechanism=>2equations 5. Interactionsurface=>3rdequation 6. SolveforV&H 7. Dissipationrate=Vv+Hh 8. Setdissipation=externalworkrate 9. SolveforunknownForce 10. Optimizee.g.wrt Xo ,Yo

MacroSolutionsofTwoFootingSystem
WithVaryingVerticalLoad

PileFoundations

ANASIDE
Thesepileswillhavetobedriven withconsiderablebatter.

Thesepileswillhavetobedriven withconsiderablebutter.

PileFoundations LateralCapacity

Deepflowaroundofaflatplate H=11.42SuB

LateralMechanismfor Translation

PileFoundations DetailedRotation MechanismforRigidPile

PileFoundations AnalysisofaFourPileGroup

xo ,yo

TypicalResultsMomentvs.LateralLoad InteractionDiagramforaFourPileGroup
ShearMode InteractionMode Parameter Value 0and2 0.10 0.40

OverturningMode

ComparisonofUpperBoundvsLimit EquilibriumAnalysis

S3

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