Topic03B Assembly Language On The Freescale MC9S12X Part 1

Topic Video 03B
Assembly Language: Instructions 1
3B
Thursday, 2 July 2009
The HS12 Instruction Set

The CPUS12 has over 200 different instructions, performing 188 different tasks. The instruction are split into categories, these are:
Load and Store Transfer and Exchange Move Memory Decrement and Increment Arithmetic Logic Rotates and Shifts Data Test
Conditional Branches Loop Primitives Jump and Branch Condition Code Interrupt

Load and Store Instructions
The load and store instructions allows us to move data in and out of the registers. Depending on the size of the register, this data can be byte size or words (16 bit) size. There are load and store in instructions that can operate on:
Accumulator A Accumulator B Accumulator D X index Register Y index Register Stack Pointer Load LDAA LDAB LDD LDX LDY LDS Store STAA STAB STD STX STY STS

Load and Store Instructions (Continued) Examples
Immediate LDAA #$23 LDAB LDD LDY LDX #$FA #$4523 #3465 #65563 Direct/ Extended LDAA Val LDAB LDD LDX LDY Byte $1234 Data Value Indexed LDAA 0,X LDAB LDD LDX LDY 0,Y 0,SP 0,Y 0,PC

Load and Store Instructions (Continued) Examples
Direct/ Extended STAA Val STAB STD STX STY Byte $1234 Data Value Indexed STAA 0,X STAB STD STX STY 0,Y 0,SP 0,Y 0,PC

Load and Store Instructions (Continued)
There is another way that we can load or store values. We can use the stack. The act of storing a value onto the stack is called PUSHING. The act of loading a value from the stack is called PULLING. The PULL and PUSH instructions that can operate on:
Accumulator A Accumulator B Accumulator D X index Register Y index Register
Pull PULA PULB PULD PULX PULY
Push PSHA PSHB PSHD PSHX PSHY

Load and Store Instructions (Continued) Example
... LDAA PSHA ...
#32 #SP=SP-1, M[SP]=A

Transfer Instructions
The Transfer Instructions allow us to move data within the CPU from one register to another.
Transfer A to B Transfer B to A Transfer Registers Transfer SP to X Transfer SP to Y Transfer X to SP Transfer Y to SP Exchange Registers Exchange D and X Exchange D and Y Exchange B and A
TAB TBA TFR TFR TFR TFR TFR EXG EXG EXG EXG
Source Register, Destination Register S,X S,Y X,S Y,S Register1, Register 2 D,X D,Y B,A

8 bit value 8 bit register
8 bit register

16 bit register
9

8 bit register

16 bit register
9

But what happens if the registers are different sizes?
MSB LSB 16 bit register 8 bit value 8 bit register LSB 16 bit register
8 bit register
16 bit register 8 bit value 8 bit register

10

LSB 8 bit register
16 bit register 8 bit value 8 bit register

10

LSB 8 bit register MSB=0 8 bit value 16 bit register 8 bit value 8 bit register
10

MSB LSB 16 bit register 8 bit value 8 bit register MSB=0 8 bit value 16 bit register
LSB 8 bit register MSB=0 8 bit value 16 bit register LSB 8 bit register
10

Move Instructions Using the MOVE instructions it is possible to transfer data from one memory location to another without the need for a register. The MOVE instructions have two possible forms; MOVB for moving bytes and MOVW, for moving words. The source can be a constant or a memory location, however the destination must always be a memory address. Move (copy) a byte Move (copy) a word MOVB Source, Destination MOVW Source, Destination
11

Move Instructions
MOVB 23
#23, Data
MOVB PortA, Data
M[Data]
MOVB #$FF, PortA $FF
8 bit value M[PortA]
M[Data]
MOVB #23, $1234 23
M[PortA]
M[$1234]
12

Move Instructions
MOVB 23
#23, Data 23
MOVB PortA, Data
M[Data]
M[Data]
MOVB #23, $1234 23
M[PortA]
M[$1234]
12

Move Instructions
MOVB 23
#23, Data 23
MOVB PortA, Data
M[Data]
8 bit value M[Data]
MOVB #23, $1234 23
M[PortA]
M[$1234]
12

Move Instructions
MOVB 23
#23, Data 23
MOVB PortA, Data
M[Data]
MOVB #$FF, PortA $FF $FF
8 bit value M[Data]
MOVB #23, $1234 23
M[PortA]
M[$1234]
12

Move Instructions
MOVB 23
#23, Data 23
MOVB PortA, Data
M[Data]
MOVB #$FF, PortA $FF $FF
8 bit value M[Data]
MOVB #23, $1234 23 23
M[PortA]
M[$1234]
12

Move Instructions
MOVW
#$1423, Data
$14 $23
MOVW PortA, Data
M[Data](MSB) M[Data+1](LSB)
Port A Port B
8 bit value 8 bit value
13

Move Instructions
MOVW
#$1423, Data
$14 $23
MOVW PortA, Data
$14 $23
Port A Port B
13

Move Instructions
MOVW
#$1423, Data
$14 $23
MOVW PortA, Data
$14 $23
Port A Port B
13

Decrement and Increment Instructions
Using the increment and decrement commands it is possible to increase or decrease the value in a register or memory location by 1. We can use this commands on: Accumulator A Accumulator B X index Register Y index Register Stack Pointer Memory Increment INCA INCB INX INY INS INC mem Decrement DECA DECB DEX DEY DES DEC mem
14

Decrement and Increment Instructions Examples
mainLoop: JSR LDAB INCB JSR BRA EQU INCLUDE ... InitSCI #2 OUT2HEX Spin $00D0;Base Address for SCI. 'Serial.inc';Add serial routines
Spin: Serial_Base
15

Decrement and Increment Instructions
mainLoop: JSR InitSCI MOVB #2,Counter INC Counter LDAB Counter JSR OUT2HEX BRA Spin EQU $00D0 ;Base Address for SCI INCLUDE 'Serial.inc' ;Add serial routines DS 1 ...
Spin: Serial_Base Counter
16

Clear and Set Instructions The clear and set instructions allows us to clear accumulator A, B or even a memory location (variable). They also allows us to set or clear particular bits in a memory location without affecting those bit near it. Clear Accumulator A Clear Accumulator B Clear Memory CLRA CLRB CLR emory location m
17

Clear and Set Instructions
Bit Clear Bit Set BCLR BSET Operand, Mask Operand, Mask
The operand is a memory location or variable name. The Mask species the bits to be set or cleared. The Mask consists of a binary number, the bit locations were a 1 appear the locations that are cleared (BCLR) or set (BSET).
18

Clear and Set Instructions Example
MOVB #%10101010,PortA %10101010 BSET PortA, %11110000 BCLR PortA, %10101010
PortA
19

MOVB #%10101010,PortA BSET PortA, %11110000 BCLR PortA, %10101010
PortA
%10101010
19

PortA
%10101010
19

PortA
%10101010
19

PortA
%11111010
19

PortA
%11111010
19

PortA
%11111010
19

PortA
%01010000
19

PortA
%01010000
19

Shift and Rotate Instructions We can use the the shift and rotate instructions on accumulators A, B, D or even directly on memory.
Arithmetic Shifting Accumulator A Accumulator B Accumulator D Memory Left ASLA ASLB ASLD Right ASRA ASRB ASRD ASR mem
ASL mem Right LSRA LSRB
Logical Shifting Accumulator A Accumulator B Accumulator D Memory
Left LSLA LSLB LSLD LSL mem
LSRD LSR mem
20

Shift and Rotate Instructions
Logical Shift Left / Arithmetic Shift Left 0 CCR[C] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
21

Logical Shift Left / Arithmetic Shift Left 0 CCR[C] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
22

22

23

23

24

24

25

25

26

26

CCR[C]
0 1 0
Logical Shift Right 0 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C] 1
Arithmetic Shift Right 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27

CCR[C]
0 1 0
Logical Shift Right 0 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C]
1 1
27

CCR[C]
Logical Shift Right 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C]
Arithmetic Shift Right 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
28

CCR[C] 0 0
Logical Shift Right 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C] 0 1
28

CCR[C]
Logical Shift Right 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C]
Arithmetic Shift Right 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
29

CCR[C] 0 0
Logical Shift Right 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C] 0 1
29

Shift and Rotate Instructions We can use the the shift and rotate instructions on accumulators A, B, D or even directly on memory.
Rotating Left ROLA ROLB ROLD ROL Right RORA RORB RORD ROR
Accumulator A Accumulator B Accumulator D Memory
30

CCR[C] X 0 1
Rotate Right 0 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C] X 0 0
Rotate Left 0 0 0 0 0 0
31

CCR[C] 0 0
Rotate Right 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C] 0 1 0 0
Rotate Left 0 0 0 0 0
32

CCR[C] 0 0 0
CCR[C] 1 0 0
32

CCR[C] 0 0
Rotate Right 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
CCR[C] 1 0 0 0
Rotate Left 0 0 0 0 0
33

CCR[C] 0 0 0
CCR[C] 0 0 0
33
Need Further Assistance?

Ask your Demonstrator, Post a question on the Forum, Email the Convener, or Make an appointment.
Thursday, 2 July 2009 34

Topic03B Assembly Language On The Freescale MC9S12X Part 1

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Topic03B Assembly Language On The Freescale MC9S12X Part 1

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Topic Video 03B

Assembly Language: Instructions 1

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

Accumulator A Accumulator B Accumulator D X index Register Y index Register

Pull PULA PULB PULD PULX PULY

Push PSHA PSHB PSHD PSHX PSHY

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

#32 #SP=SP-1, M[SP]=A

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

8 bit value 8 bit register

16 bit value 16 bit register

The HS12 Instruction Set

8 bit value 8 bit register

16 bit value 16 bit register

The HS12 Instruction Set

16 bit register 8 bit value 8 bit register

The HS12 Instruction Set

LSB 8 bit register

16 bit register 8 bit value 8 bit register

The HS12 Instruction Set

The HS12 Instruction Set

The HS12 Instruction Set

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set

MOVB PortA, Data

8 bit value M[PortA]

MOVB #23, $1234 23

The HS12 Instruction Set

MOVB PortA, Data

8 bit value M[PortA]

MOVB #23, $1234 23

The HS12 Instruction Set

MOVB PortA, Data

8 bit value M[PortA]

8 bit value M[Data]

MOVB #23, $1234 23

The HS12 Instruction Set

MOVB PortA, Data

8 bit value M[PortA]

8 bit value M[Data]

MOVB #23, $1234 23

The HS12 Instruction Set

MOVB PortA, Data

8 bit value M[PortA]

8 bit value M[Data]

MOVB #23, $1234 23 23

The HS12 Instruction Set

8 bit value 8 bit value

Thursday, 2 July 2009

The HS12 Instruction Set