DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY IA (CHE141B) SEMESTER TEST 3 Time allowed: 90 minutes 1. Define or describe 1.1.

Common ion effect (2) The common ion effect is the shift in equilibrium caused by the addition of a compound having an ion in common with the dissolved substance. 1.2. A Brnsted-Lowry acid A Brnsted-Lowry acid is a proton (H+) donor. 1.3. A Lewis base A Lewis base is an electron pair donor. 1.4. A buffer solution (2) (2) (2) Total marks: 50

A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. 2. Distinguish between homogenous and heterogeneous equilibrium. (4)

A homogeneous equilibrium is one in which everything in the equilibrium mixture is present in the same phase, whereas for heterogeneous equilibrium, different phases of either the reactants and/or products will be observed. 3. Why for a polyprotic acid, Ka2 is much less than Ka1? (2) Ka2 << Ka1, since it is always easier to remove the first proton from a neutral polyprotic acid than to remove the second proton from a negatively charged ion. 4. Give the conjugate acid for each of the following: 4.1. SO424.2. HSO34.3. HPO42HSO4- H2SO3 H2PO4- (1) (1) (1)

5. In a study of the chemistry of glass etching, an inorganic chemist examines the reaction between sand (SiO2) and hydrogen fluoride at a temperature above the boiling point of water: SiO2(s) + 4HF(g) Predict the effect on [SiF4] when 5.1. H2O(g) is removed; 5.2. HF is added; 5.3. H2O(g) is added; 5.4. some sand is removed; 5.5. a catalyst is added. increases increases decreases decreases no effect (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) SiF4(g) + 2H2O(g)

Answer increases, decreases or no change. 6. Decomposition of CO2(g) at elevated temperature is given by the following reaction: 2CO2(g) 2CO(g) + O2(g) At 3000 K, 2.00 mol of CO2 is placed into a 1.00 L container and allowed to come to equilibrium. At equilibrium, 0.90 mol CO2 remains. 6.1. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of CO and O2. 2CO2(g) Initial Change Equilibrium 2.00 2x = 0.90 2x = 1.10 x = 0.55 [CO] = 1.10 M and [O2] = 0.55 M 6.2. Calculate the value for Kc at this temperature. Kc = [CO]2[O2] [CO2]2 7. = (1.10)2(0.55) = 0.82 (0.90)2 (2) 2.00 -2x 2.00 2x 2CO(g) + O2(g) 0 +2x 2x 0 +x x (4)

At 100oC the equilibrium constant for the reaction

COCl2(g)

CO(g) + Cl2(g)

has the value of Kc = 2.19 x 10-10. Are the following mixtures of COCl2, CO, and Cl2 at 100oC at equilibrium? If not, indicate the direction that the reaction must proceed to achieve equilibrium. 7.1. [COCl2] = 2.00 x 10-3 M, [CO] = 3.3 x 10-6 M, and [Cl2] = 6.62 x 10-6 M; (4) Q = [CO] [Cl2] = 3.3 x 10-6 x 6.62 x 10-6 = 1.1 x 10-8 [COCl2] 2.00 x 10-3 Q > Kc, the reaction will proceed to the left. 7.2. [COCl2] = 4.50 x 10-2 M, [CO] = 1.1 x 10-7 M, and [Cl2] = 2.25 x 10-6 M. (4) Q = [CO] [Cl2] = 1.1 x 10-7 x 2.25 x 10-6 = 5.5 x 10-12 [COCl2] 4.50 x 10-2 Q < Kc, the reaction will proceed to the right. 8. What are the concentrations of hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH) ions in 0.075 M Ca(OH)2 solution? Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH[OH-] = 2 x 0.075 = 0.15 M Kw = [H3O+][OH-] [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-14 0.15 9. Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a weak acid (Ka = 6.3 x 10-5). Calculate the initial concentration (in M) of benzoic acid that is required to produce an aqueous solution of benzoic acid that has a pH of 2.54. = 10-2.54 = 2.884 x 10-3 M (5) = 6.7 x 10-14 M (4)

10. Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 0.55 M acetic acid and 0.195 M potassium acetate. For acetic acid, Ka = 1.8 x 10-5. (5)