A PC boiler plant PULVERIZED COAL (PC) FIRED FURNACE

Unit 24-25

Pulverized coal fired boiler

Most widely used coal fired plant in the world. Coal, ground to 75% below 74 micron, burns like gas Types: 1. Wet bottom (slagging) 2. Dry bottom (85% fly ash) 3. Front fired 4. Tangential fired

STOKER FIRED BOILER (1800-)

435 MWe tangential fired PF

Tangential burner- Plan view

Tangential flame - Front view

Heat release rates

Volumetric heat release rate:

qv =

w f LHV kW/m 3 Vf

(1)

wf = kg/s fuel burnt, Vf = furnace volume, m3; LHV = lower heating value, KJ/kg

Grate heat release rate

A =axb f

qF =

w f LHV kW/m 2 Af

(2)

Typical values of Vol. Heat release rate, qv

Boiler & Burner p- 121-122 Dry-bottom furnace MW/m3
Anthracite Semi anthracite Bituminous Lignite Oil (utility boiler) Biomass Gas

Furnace size depends on Fuel

Amount of flue gas, burning rate of fuel & slagging propensity also affects furnace volume.

Following diagram is for comparison. Not to be used for design

Coal Type

0.110-0.140 0.116-0.163 0.14-0.20 0.09-0.15 0.23-0.35 0.024 0.176* 0.35

* Grate heat release rate for PF boiler for biomass is highly subjective as Pf boiler are not designed to fire biomass

Furnace volume is shown by hatched area

Superheater

Upper limits of Average Grate heat release rate, qF

Steaming capacity (tons/h)* Upper limit of qF in MW/m2 (ST= Softening Temperature) ST 1300 C ST =1300C ST1300 C

130 500 1000 1500 Biomass

2.13 3.91 4.42 4.77

2.56 4.65 5.12 5.45 1.5-3.5

2.59 5.44 6.16 6.63

One ton/h steam is roughly equivalent to 0.75 MW heat input To get the electrical power output (MWe) of the plant multiply heat input with (plant efficiency/100), which gives 1 t/h approx equal to 0.3 MWe.

Minimum depth of furnace (bminimum)

It ensures that flame does not hit the wall facing the burner causing damage

Shortest distance between burner and Heating surface (Hfu)

It avoids any potential flame impingement on the Superheaters hanging from the wall, which might rupture the tubes

Steaming capacity (t/h) Coal (m) Oil (m)

130

220

420

670

>670

6.0 5.0

7.0 5.0

7.5 6.0

8.0 7.5

(5-6)dr * 5

Boiler capacity (t/h) Anthracite (m) Bituminous (m) Oil (m)

65-75 8 7 5

130 11 9 8

220 13 12

420 17 14

670 18 17

dr *-maximum nozzle diameter of swirl burner Note: A square cross-section is good for tangential firing. However the depth must not be shallower than the above limit

Hfu is the height between top of the burner zone and superheater section

Burner region heat release rate, qb

qb = w f LHV 2(a + b)H b
MW/m2
B.LHV = Furnace heat release in MW

A video of interior of a pulverized boiler furnace in operation

http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=wySZl6JIwQw http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=93M4djG0DiE&feature=related

It ensures that the peak heat flux and temperature is not too high to cause dry out and other severe conditions in wall Fuel

qb in MW/m2 0.93 -1.16 1.4 - 2.1 1.4 - 2.32

Brown coal & Bituminous coal Anthracite and semi-anthracite Lignite