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[61] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1. For non-trivial solutions ,
0 A =
4 5 1
1 1 4 0
( 1) (2 1) ( 4) k k k

=
+
0 k R A = e
2. 3 0 x y z = ...(i)
3 0 x z =
...(ii)
3 2 0 x y z = ...(iii)
from (i) and (ii) , y =0 and z =3x
now ,
2 2 2 2 2
0 9 x y z x x + + = + +
2 2
10 100 10 x x s s
0, 1, 2, 3 x =
for any value of x , value of y and z are fixed
(i.e. y =0 and z =3x)
Integral points for (x , y , z) =7
3.
1 sin 1
( ) sin 1 sin
1 sin 1
det A
u
u u
u
=

Apply
1 1 3
C C C +
2 sin 1
( ) 0 1 sin
0 sin 1
det A
u
u
u
=

2
( ) 2(1 sin ) det A u = +
2
2 2sin det A u = +
| | ( ) 2, 4 [0, 2 ) det A u t e e
4. for unique solution ,
0 A =
1 1 1
5 1 0
2 3 1
q A = =

23 q =
5. Row
3
R is having all the function odd
( ) sin [ ] 0 x x R t = e
( ) ( ) f x f x =
2
2
( ) 0 f x dx

=
}
6. If ( ) , ( ) and ( ) f x g x h x are cubic polynomials , then
the fourth derivative vanishes for all x R e
Differentiate ( ) x | along columns
'( ) 0 ( ) constant x x | | = =
( ) x | is even function and hence symmetrical
about y-axis
7.
2 2
2 2 3 3
2 2 3 3 4 4
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
a b a b
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + =
+ + + + + +

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
a b a b
a b a b

( )
2
(1 )( )( 1) a a b b =
( ) ( )
2
2
1 ( ) ( ) 4 a b ab a b ab = + + +
( ) ( )
2
2
1 (4) 2 (4) 4(2) = +
8 =
8. o | t + + =
Let
2 cos cos
cos 1 cos
cos cos 1
|
o
| o

A =

replacing by ( ( )) t o | +
2 cos( ) cos
cos( ) 1 cos
cos cos 1
o | |
o | o
| o
+
A = +

( )
2
2(1 cos ) cos( ) cos( ) cos cos o o | o | o | A = + + +
( ) cos cos( ).cos cos | o | o | + + +
2
2sin cos( )( sin sin ) o o | o | A = + +

2
cos .cos cos( ) cos o | o | | + +
( )
2 2
cos 2sin cos( ) cos( ) | o o | o | A = + +
( )
2 2 2 2
cos 2sin cos sin | o | o A =

2 2
( cos( ).cos( ) cos sin ) A B A B B A + =
2
sin o A =
min
1 1 A > A =
Chapter No -8 ( Determinants )
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[62] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
9. Sum of roots =12 and product =81
1/4
( )
4
o | o
o|o
| + + + | | |
>
| |
\ . \ .

for , , , AM GM o | o =
(Sum)
3
4
o | o = = = = =
Now ,
3 3 3
3 3 3 0
3 3 3
o |
| o
o |
= =
10. In any determinant of set 'P' if only two rows or any
two columns are interchanged then it becomes the
element of set 'Q'.
( ) ( ) n P n Q =
11.
T
MM I =
T
M MM M I =
( )
T
M I M M I =
( )
T
M M I M I =
( )
( ) ( )
T
det M M I det M I =
( ). ( ) ( )
T
det M det M I det M I =
2 ( ) 0 ( | | | |)
T
det M I A A = =
( ) 0 det M I =
12. Let the determinant value be ( ) f x
4 3 2
( ) f x px qx rx sx t = + + + +
Now , { } (1) ( 1) 2( ) f f g r = +
2 5 3 4 3 3
2( ) 4 0 4 2 2 2
2 2 3 0 2 5
q r

+ =

1
( ) (102) 51
2
q r + = =
13. tan (tan tan 1) 1(tan 1) 1(1 tan ) A B C C B A = +
tan tan tan tan tan 1 1 tan A B C A C B A = + +
for , tan tan tan tan tan tan ABC A B C A B C A + + =
2 A =
14.
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
x y z x y z x y z
x y z x y z x y z
x y z x y z x y y
=
2
1 1 2 1 3
2 2
2 1 2 2 3
2
3 1 3 2 3
| | . .
. | | .
. . | |
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
A =



2
1 1 1
1 4 1 24
1 1 9
A = =
2 6 A =
15.
2
2
2
1 1 1
( ) 1 1 1
1 1 1
x x
f x x x
x x
o o o
| | |

+ + +
= + + +
+ + +
Apply
3 3 2 2 2 1
and C C C C C C
( ) 0 f x =
16.
2 2 2
0 and a b c a b c ab bc ac + + = + + = + +
0 a b c = = =
If a , b and c are simultaneously zero then the system
of equations represent the complete 3-dimensional
space , hence infinite ordered triplets exist without any
linear constraint.
17. Total no. of determinants =2
4
=16.
Let ( )
a b
ad bc
c d
A = =
If 0, A < then ad =0 and bc =1
In above case ,
1 b c = =
and at least one of a , d
is zero
total no. of cases which are not favourable =3
3
( ) 1 ( ) 1
16
P E P E = =
13
( ) .
16
P E =
18. Let
2 2 2
2 2 2
, and
x y z
x y z
o |
= = =
1
1 1
1
x y z
x y z x y z
x y z
+ =

+ = = = =
`

=
)
, , x y z o | = = =
finitely many solutions exist
19.
2 1 3 1 2
5 1 7 1 4 2
k k k
k k k
+ + +
= =
+ + +
0 or 1 k =
no. of values of k =2
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[63] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
20. , k | e because 2 3 0 x y + = and 6 3 10 0 x y + =
have no solution.
21. Taking , and a b c common from
1 2 3
, and R R R
respectively and then apply :
1 1 2 2 2 3
and R R R R R R
2 2
2 2
2
/ / 0
( ) 0 / /
/
x a x b
f x abc x b x c
a b c x c

=
+
Taking x
2
common from
1 2
and R R
4
2
1 1
0
1 1
( ) ( ) 0
a b
f x abc x
b c
x
a b c
c

=
+
4 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) f x x x a b c = + + +
22.
1 3 2
1 2 0
1 3 2
R A = A = e
1 1
6 3 2
7 2 ( 6)(6 2 )
3 2

A = A =
2 2
1 6 2
1 7 2 0
1 2
R

A = A = e
3 3
1 3 6
1 7 ( 6)( 3)
1 3

A = A =
(a) if
1 2 3
4, 6, then 0 = = A = A = A = A =
Infinite solutions. (I
st
and III
rd
equation
represent identical planes (figure (a)))
(b) if 5, 7, then 0 but = = A =
1 2
, , A A
3
0 A =
No solution.
(d) for
1 2 3
3, 5, 0 = = A = A = A = A =
I
st
and III
rd
equation represent parallel planes
(as shown in figure (b))
No solution.
23.
2 7 7
sin(3 ) 1 1 0
cos(2 ) 4 3
u
u
=
3 3 2
C C C
2 7 0
sin(3 ) 1 2 0
cos2 4 1
u
u
=

( 2)(4sin3 cos2 ) 1( 2 7sin3 ) 0 u u u + =

8sin3 2cos2 2 7sin3 0 u u u + + =
sin3 2(cos2 1) 0 u u =
3 2
(3sin 4sin ) 4sin 0 u u u + =
2
sin (4sin 4sin 3) 0 u u u + =
sin (2sin 1)(2sin 3) 0 u u u + =
1 3
sin 0or sin sin
2 2
u u u
| |
= = =
|
\ .
or ( 1) :
6
n
n n n I
t
u t t = + e
24. Determinant D
N
can be established by considering all
the rows or all the columns.
In 1st row either all elements are 1 or exactly one
element is 1
no. of ways in which 1
st
row can be completed =4
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[64] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
similarly , II
nd
row can also be completed by 4 ways ,
but after placement of elements in first and second
row , there is no option for the third row as it has to
fulfill the condition for D
N
.
total number of 4 4 16.
N
D = =
observe the given determinant to get the minimum
value

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

minimum value = 4
25. Let
1
2
3
x x
x x
x x
A =
1 1 2 2 2 3
and C C C C C C
1 0
2 2
0 3 3
x x
x x x
x

A =

Simplifying the value of A along

3
C
( ) ( ) ( 2)( 3) (1 )( 3) x x x x x x A = +
3(1 )(2 ) x x
( ) ( 2)( 3) ( 1)( 3) x x x x x x A = + +
3( 1)( 2) x x
Add and subtract ( 1)( 2) to x x x A
( ) ( 1)( 2) ( 2)( 3) ( 1)( 3) x x x x x x x A = + +
( 1)( 2)( 3) x x x
Now , if ( ) '( ) , xf x f x A = then
( ) ( 1)( 2)( 3) f x x x x =
(a)
3
1
( 1)( 2)( 3) x x x dx
}
Put ( 2) x t =
1 1
3
1 1
( 1)( )( 1) ( ) 0 I t t t dt t t dt

= + = =
} }
(b)
1
1
( ) 0 f x dx

=
}
(c) ( 2) y f x = +
( 1)( )( 1) y x x x = +
3
y x x =
( 2) y f x = + is odd function
(d) If ( ) y f x = is symmetrical about 2 0, x =
then (2 ) (2 ) f f R o o o + = e
3
| (2 ) | | | f o o o + = ...(i)
3
| (2 ) | | | f o o o = ...(ii)
(i) and (ii) are equal , hence | ( ) | y f x = is
symmetrical about line
2 0 x =
26.
k
o represents the nine roots of
9
1 0, x = where
9
1 o = and
1 2 8
, , .... , o o o are the complex roots
1 2 3 9
.... 0 o o o o + + + + =
Statement (2) is true.
1 2 3 9
, , .... , o o o o are in G.P. let the common ration for
G.P. be r
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
o o o
o o o
o o o
A =
Taking
1 4
, o o and
7
o common from
1 2
, R R and R
3
respectively
2
2
1 4 7
2
1
( )( )( ) 1
1
r r
r r
r r
o o o A =
0 A =
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is
not appropriate.
27. Differentiate ( ) x | row-wise and then putting
'( ) 0. x u | u = =
Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning
is also appropriate.
28. Total number of determinants =9!
9
1
9!
i
n i
=
= =
[
In set 'S ' , every determinant A with magnitude M is
having a counter-determinant
' A
with same magnitude
but opposite in sign. By interchanging any two rows
or any two columns of
A
, counter-determinant can be
obtained.
9!
1
0
i
i=
A =

Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
appropriate.
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[65] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
29. Apply
3 3 2 2 2 1
and C C C C C C
2 2 2 2 2
1 0 0
( ) sin2 sin4 sin2 sin6 sin4
cos 2 cos 4 cos 2 cos 6 cos 4
f x x x x x x
x x x x x
=

2
1 0 0
( ) sin2 2sin .cos3 2sin cos5
cos 2 sin6 .sin2 sin10 .sin2
f x x x x x x
x x x x x
=

( ) 2sin .sin2 (cos3 .sin10 cos5 .sin6 ) f x x x x x x x =
2sin sin2 .cos5 (2cos3 .sin5 sin6 ) x x x x x x =
2sin sin2 cos5 .cos3 (2sin5 2sin3 ) x x x x x x =
8sin .sin2 cos5 cos3 (sin .cos4 ) x x x x x x =
2
( ) 8(sin ) sin2 .cos3 .cos4 .cos5 f x x x x x x =
Now ,
3 3
( ) 0 , , , ,
6 8 8 10 10
f x x
t t t t t
= =
Number of solution for ( ) 0 f x = are five if
0,
2
x
t | |
e
|
\ .
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is
not appropriate.
30. I f , x y z r + + = where {1, 2}, r N e then
1
2
r
r
A C

=
1 1
2 2 2
1 2
2 2 2
1 2 3
2 2 2
r r r
r r r
r r r
C C C
C C C
C C C
+
+ +
+ + +
A =
3 3 2 2 2 1
Apply and C C C C C C
( )
1 1
2 1 1
1 1
2 1 1 1
1 1 2
2 1 1
r r r
r r r n n n
r r r
r r r
C C C
C C C C C C
C C C

+ +

+ + +
A = =
( 1)( 2) 1
1
( 1) 1
2
( 1) 1 2
r r r r
r r r r
r r r r

A = +
+ + +
3 3 2 2 2 1
Apply and R R R R R R
( 1)( 2) ( 1)
1
2 2 1 1
2
2 1 1
r r r r
r
r

A =
3 3 2
Apply C C C
1 A =
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.
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[66] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1. According to given matrix equation
2 2
4 ( 1) 4 (1) (2) 3 3 a f af f a a + + = + ...(i)
2 2
4 ( 1) 4 (1) (2) 3 3 b f bf f b b + + = + ...(ii)
2 2
4 ( 1) 4 (1) (2) 3 3 c f cf f c c + + = + ...(iii)
Conditions (i) , (ii) and (iii) imply that the equation
2 2
4 ( 1) 4 (1) (2) 3 3 f x f x f x x + + = + is having three
roots ( : , , ) viz x a b c =
( ) ( )
2
4 ( 1) 3 4 (1) 3 (2) 0 f x f x f + + = is an
identity in x
3 3
( 1) , (1) and (2) 0
4 4
f f f = = =
2
4
( )
4
x
f x
| |

=
|
|
\ .
Now ,
3/ 4 0 0
( ) 0 0 0 0.
0 0 5/ 4
det A = =

2.

from figure ,
( ) 1 1 0
1
0 0 2
f o
o
| || |
=
| |
+
\ .\ .
( ) 1 2 f o o =
2
4
(1 2 ) 8
4
o
o o

= =
point B is (8 , 15).
Now , line AB is given by 3 2 6 0 x y + + =
8
2
2
4 3 6
Area
4 2
x x
dx

+
= +
`

)
}
125
Area
3
= Square units.
3.
from graph , | | ( ) y g x = is discontinuous at six
locations in 3 , 3
(

.
4.
1
2 2 4 4 3 3
1 3 4 , 1 0 1
1 2 3 4 4 3
A B
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

1
4 1 4
( ) 3 0 4
3 1 3
T
adj B
(
(
=
(
(

2 1 1
( ) B adj B B = =
2 3 4 1
.... B B B B = = = =
2 3 4 100 1
.... 99 B B B B B + + + + =
5.
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 3
( ) ( ). ...100terms det M det A det B AB A B = + + +
( ) 0 ( ( ) 0) det M det A = =
6.
2 2 4 3
1 3 4 0
1 2 3 4
x
y
z
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

2
1
.( )
( )
x adj A C
det A
=
2
1 2 4 19
( ) 1 2 4 and( ) 19
1 0 4 19
adj A adj A C
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

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[67] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
2
( ) 0 adj A C =
matrix equation has no solution
7.
3 2 2
2 3 2
2 2 3
1
1
1
a a b a c
ab b b c
ac bc c
+
A = +
+
Multiply
1 2 3
, , R R R by , and a b c respectively
4 3 3
3 4 3
3 2 4
1
a a a b a c
ab b b b c
abc
ac bc c c
+
A = +
+
Taking a , b , c common from
1 2 3
, and c c c respectively
3 3 3
3 3 3
3 3 3
1
1
1
a a a
b b b
c c c
+
A = +
+
Apply
1 1 2 3
R R R R + + and then simplify
3 3 3
( 1) 11 a b c A = + + + =
3 3 3
10 a b c + + =
Possible triplets are
(1, 2,1) , (1,1, 2) and(2,11)
8.
2
2
2cos sin2 sin
( ) sin2 2sin cos
sin cos 0
x x x
f x x x x
x x

1 1 3 2 2 3
Apply (2sin ) and (2cos ) C C x C C C x C +
2 0 sin
( ) 0 2 cos
sin cos 0
x
f x x
x x

2
( ) 2(cos ) sin ( 2sin ) f x x x x =

2 2
2(sin cos ) 2 x x = + =
/ 2
0
(2 0) I dx
t
t = + =
}
Lest integer just greater than 4 I =
9.
/ 2
0
1 cos2
1 cos2
n
nx
U dx
x
t
| |
=
|

\ .
}
/ 2
1
0
cos(2 2) cos(2 )
(1 cos2 )
n n
n x nx
U U dx
x
t

}

/2
2
0
2sin(2 1) .sin( )
2sin
n x x
dx
x
t

=
}

/2
0
sin(2 1)
sin
n x
dx
x
t

=
}
Let
1 n n n
U U J

=
/2
1
0
sin(2 1) sin(2 3)
sin
n n
n x n x
J J dx
x
t

=
}
/2 / 2
0 0
2sin .cos(2 2)
2 cos(2 2)
sin
x n xdx
n xdx
x
t t

= =
} }
/2
0
sin(2 2)
2. 0
(2 2)
n x
n
t

= =

1 2 1
.....
2
n n n
J J J J
t

= = = = =
1
{1}
2
n n
U U n N
t

= e
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0
U U U
U U U
U U U
=
10. For non-trivial solutions , 0 A =
sin cos
1 cos sin 0
1 sin cos
o o
o o
o o
=

2 2
(1) 1(2sin cos ) 1(sin cos ) 0 o o o o + =
(sin2 cos2 ) o o = +
2 2 s s
Now , possible integral values of 1, 0,1 =
11.
2 2 1 2 1
'( ) 1 1
2 2 2 2 1 2
ax ax ax b
f x b b
ax b ax b ax b
+ +
= +
+ + + +
1 1 2 2 2 3
Apply and C C C C C C
1 2 2 1
'( ) 1 2 1
1 1 2
b ax b
f x b
b ax b
+ +
= +
+ +
3 3 2 1 1 2
Apply and R R R R R R +
0 0 2
'( ) 1 2 1
0 1 2 1
ax b
f x b
ax b
+
= +
+ +
'( ) 2 f x ax b = +
5 0 a b + =
5
' 0
2
f
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

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[68] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
Now ,
2
( ) f x ax bx c = + +
(0) 2 2 f c = =
(1) 1 f a b c = + + =
1 a b + =
1 5
5 0and 1 ,
4 4
a b a b a b + = + = = =
2
5 8
( )
4
x x
f x
+
=
(a)
1 a b + =
(b)
8
( ) 2
4
f s = =
(c)
2
5 8 | 1| x x x + =
2
for 1, 4 7 0 nosolution x x x < + =
2
for 1; 6 9 0 3 x x x x > + = =
(d)
( )
2
( ) 1
lim 0
4 1
f x
x
x
f x
x

| | | |
= =
| |
+ \ . \ .
12. Using Cramer's Rule
2
( 2)( 1) k k A = +
2
1
( 1)(1 ) k k A =
2
2
( 1) k A =
2 2
3
( 1) k A =
(a)
1 2 3
1 0 k= A = A = A = A =
All the three equations reduces to 1 x y z + + =
Infinitely many solutions.
(b) 1 k= system may have unique solution or
no solution
(c) { } 1, 2 0 k R e A =
Unique solution exist
(d) { } 1, 2 k= System may have infinitely may
solutions or no solution