Igate MGW Backup An

Application Note
Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks
Application Note
Executive Summary
Ensuring service and revenue generation in the event of technical failures or external events presents challenges for telecom carriers and service providers building critical failure protection network solutions. Critical failure protection backup minimizes the impact of these failures or events and can be implemented with various levels of redundancy, ranging from internal redundancy on a per-equipment basis up to fully redundant networks, including geographic redundancy network architectures. Typically, the costs involved in implementing redundant systems as effective backup solutions duplicates the costly investment demanded for just a single transmission network. This application note explains how the Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway and Dialogic I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway can enable carriers and service providers to build cost-effective and highly reliable backup solutions for their transmission networks, allowing significant CAPEX and OPEX savings and short implementation cycles. Two example solutions are described for using these Dialogic I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways in backup network solutions, both allowing telecom carriers and service providers to minimize expenses and/or better utilize the invested (deployed) transmission infrastructure by expanding the traffic-carrying capability and improving the overall Quality of Service performance.

Application Note
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Backup Network Protection Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Backup Network Protection Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Backup Network Protection Reliability and Cost Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Standalone Static Trunking Operating Mode Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Solution 1 I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway Backup Network Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Solution 2 Backup Network Solution with Load-Sharing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Application Note
Introduction
Telecom carriers and service providers worldwide have been challenged to build critical failure protection network solutions to ensure their services (and resulting revenue) continue in the event that one or more critical segments of their telecom infrastructure go out of service due to technical failure or an external agent (for example, accident, earthquake, terror attack, and so on). In order to minimize the impact should these risks actually occur, different levels of redundancy can be implemented, ranging from internal redundancy on a per-equipment basis up to fully redundant networks including geographically redundancy network architectures. Specifically, for the transmission networks that carry the interswitch traffic between 2G mobile (for example, Mobile Switching Center [MSC]) and/or PSTN switches (for example, Class 4), despite the technical and operational benefits of highly resilient network architectures (for example, SDH/SONET dual-ring), maximum overall reliability calls for separating the two different transmission networks. However, building an effective backup network solution typically duplicates the investment demanded for a single transmission network alone, which can be high considering the multiple cost components of a network deployment project. Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway and Dialogic I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway (collectively, Dialogic I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways) provide an unparalleled opportunity for operators to build a fully featured backup transmission network and to achieve the high overall reliability target for their mobile and/or wireline interswitch traffic at greatly reduced CAPEX, while providing rapid infrastructure rollout, minimizing OPEX, and maintaining high-quality services.

This application note describes characteristics and benefits to the operator of backup network solutions that use I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways. It also introduces backup transmission networks concepts, including typical topologies and operating characteristics, and presents two examples of backup transmission network solutions that can be built using I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways.
Backup Network Protection Overview

Mobile 2G switches (for example, MSC) and wireline PSTN switches (for example, Class 4) are interconnected with other mobile and/or PSTN switches through long-distance international or domestic links (interswitch trunks) implemented over one or more transmission networks. Figure 1 shows a simplified example of a transmission network providing interconnection to MSC and/or PSTN switches. This figure shows the TDM trunks through which the switches are connected to the transmission network that carries the interswitch traffic (depicted by solid line arrows) between them.
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2 Trunks
MSC/PSTN Switch 5 Trunks Trunks
Transmission Network
Interswitch Traffic
Figure 1. Interswitch Transmission Network
Application Note
From a network planning, deployment, and operations perspective, as well in view of CAPEX and OPEX considerations, it is important to keep in mind that although the transmission network is depicted as a single schematic entity (a cloud), the physical implementation of typical transmission links between any pair of switches can include one or several network segments, where each network segment can use a different transport technology (for example, fiber, microwave radio, satellite) and different transmission link hierarchical levels (for example, E1, T1, DS3, SDH/SONET). The ownership of the network segments is also an important factor to consider. The various network segments can be owned by the same operator (which may or may not be the operator that owns one or more of the switches) or by different operators or carriers (for example, leased lines). It should be noted that when the end-to-end transmission link between a pair of switches includes several transmission network segments, the overall reliability (that is, the service continuity characteristics) of the complete transmission link between the switches will be determined by the least reliable network segment that is between them. Under normal (that is, no failure) transmission network conditions, the depicted network carries the traffic between the switches. However, in case of a failure of the interswitch transmission network, part or all of the traffic-carrying capability of the network could be affected, resulting in traffic between two or more switches not being transported.
Backup Network Protection Models

To overcome traffic interruptions when traffic-affecting failure conditions occur in the interswitch transmission network, the operator can follow different solution approaches: Use alternative routing on the mobile switches or PSTN switches, and route the traffic through other trunks and switches (not shown in Figure 1). Typically, due to limited transmission and switching resources, a Figure 1 solution can handle a small percentage of the total required traffic load demand. Use a two-network switch interconnection solution by building a redundant (that is, backup) transmission network in addition to the primary transmission network and connecting the switches simultaneously to both networks. Such a solution can be implemented by interconnecting the switches either through a dual-ring SDH/SONET network or through a pair of separate networks (for example, primary and backup transmission networks). Figure 2 provides an example of a simplified diagram of this type of solution architecture, where each switch is connected to the primary network through primary trunk links and to the backup network through separate backup trunk links. When using a two-network protection solution, the traffic between any pair of switches is normally carried over the primary network. In case of a failure on the primary network, this traffic is carried over the backup network. Operators can build a backup transmission network using their own transmission infrastructure, or they can lease one from one or more other operators.
Application Note
Backup Transmission Network

(e.g. Network #2 or SDH Ring 2) Backup Trunk Links
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5 Primary Trunk Links
Primary Transmission Network

(e.g. Network #1 or SDH Ring 1) Figure 2. Primary and Backup Transmission Networks
Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5 are examples depicting the traffic handling flows for different primary network operating conditions. Figure 3 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow (depicted by solid line arrows) under a normal primary network operating condition. When the primary transmission network has no traffic-affecting failure, the traffic is fully transported through it. In the event of a failure that affects the traffic-carrying capability of the primary transmission network, the traffic between some or all of the switches is transported through the backup network, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. Figure 4 is an example of the traffic flow for a case in which all the primary network links are affected, and accordingly all the traffic is transported through the backup network. Figure 5 is an example of the traffic flow where only some interswitch links on the primary network are affected (between switches 2 and 4) and their traffic is carried over the backup network. The interswitch traffic between other switches is not affected and is transported over the primary network (between switches 1, 3, and 5). For illustrative purposes, Figure 5 shows simplified examples only. Not shown is the traffic between switches 1, 3, and 5 and switches 2 and 4; that traffic can be carried either through the primary network or through the backup network, depending on the location of the failure(s) in the primary network.
Application Note

MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5 Primary Trunk Links

(e.g. Network #1 or SDH Ring 1)
Interswitch Traffic
Figure 3. Traffic Handling for Fully Available Primary Network

MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Primary Trunk Links

Interswitch Traffic
Figure 4. Traffic Handling for Fully Unavailable Primary Network
Application Note

MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Primary Trunk Links

Interswitch Traffic
Figure 5. Traffic Handling for Partially Available Primary Network
Backup Network Protection Reliability and Cost Challenges

For maximum overall reliability, there can be layout separation between the primary transmission network and the backup network, whether the transmission network protection architecture is dual-ring SDH/SONET, or separate primary and backup networks. Building a backup network typically duplicates the costly investment for a primary network deployment project alone (for example, cable duct laying, cable construction, right of passage, radio links and associated repeaters, coordination with and authorization from government offices and service companies). Fortunately, telecom operators and service providers requiring backup protection transmission networks can position themselves to benefit from bandwidth optimization systems that use I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway and/or I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway products. By using these I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways to build fully featured and cost-effective backup transmission network solutions, they can stand to achieve the high overall reliability target for their interswitch traffic networks at a greatly reduced CAPEX budget, while providing rapid infrastructure rollout, minimizing OPEX, and maintaining high-quality services. The following sections describe examples of solutions that incorporate I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways.
Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

The main components of the proposed backup protection network solution examples are a Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway and an I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway operated in static trunking mode. In a static trunking application, I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways are deployed at both ends of the long-distance links that interconnect 2G mobile (for example, MSC) and/or PSTN (for example, Class 4) switches, performing bandwidth optimization algorithms on the telephony and signaling interswitch traffic. The I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways bandwidth optimization algorithms allow a significant reduction in the required bandwidth (typically 88% to 94% bandwidth savings after the solution is deployed) while also providing high voice quality and highly reliable switch signaling (for example, SS7, PRI, CAS) performance. 6
Application Note
The following sections briefly describe I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways standalone static trunking operation mode; and how I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways operating in static trunking mode can be used when it is desired to build cost-effective and highly reliable backup network protection solutions.
The Standalone Static Trunking Operating Mode Characteristics

The following two I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways products are discussed in this application note: I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway (I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway) For medium and heavy traffic applications (several thousands of simultaneous calls) and support for E1, T1, DS3, STM1, and OC-3 TDM network interfaces I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway (I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway) For lower-volume traffic applications of up to 496 simultaneous calls and support for E1 and T1 TDM network interfaces These I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways use the same core technologies and provide the same traffic handling, bandwidth savings, and service quality performance, including: Significant bandwidth savings (typically 88% to 94%) for short Return on Investment (ROI) period High-quality voice services and successful fax and modem calls handling for end-user satisfaction Reliable detection and transport of H.324 video calls Bandwidth-efficient and robust signaling transport (SS7, PRI, CAS) for maximizing call completion rate Reliable echo cancellation for all supported calls Smart end-to-end compression algorithm for providing high voice quality in call paths including two or more bandwidth optimization hop segments Figure 6 is an example of a simple static trunking of a two site application, including a pair of I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways carrying the long-distance traffic between two MSC or PSTN switches. This example configuration has the following characteristics: The I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways are connected to the MSC or PSTN switches through standard TDM trunk links (for example, E1, T1, DS3, STM1, or OC-3). The TDM trunks carry the standard (that is, PCM format) telephony signals (for example, voice, fax, and modem) and signaling (for example, SS7, PRI, CAS). The solid line arrows depict this standard interswitch traffic. The interconnection between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (called the bearer link) is typically implemented over standard TDM transmission links. Bearer links can be optionally implemented over IP networks. At the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway, the standard interswitch traffic received from the switches over the TDM trunk links (solid line arrows) is processed using high quality and highly reliable bandwidth optimization mechanisms, and the optimized interswitch traffic payloads (dashed line arrows) are carried over the bearer link (using a long-distance transmission network) to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways at the distant site, where the received payloads are processed back to the original PCM format and transmitted to the associated MSC or PSTN switch. The I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways bandwidth optimization algorithms allow for a significant reduction in the required bandwidth (typically 88% to 94% bandwidth savings) while also providing high voice quality and highly reliable signaling (for example, SS7, PRI, CAS) performance. It should be stressed that in a static trunking application, the I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways execute the traffic handling tasks automatically as standalone terminals, without requiring additional external call control or signaling systems.
Application Note
MSC/PSTN Switch
Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway
88% - 94% Bandwidth Savings Optimized Traffic mized (Bearer Link) Bearer
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch
TDM Trunks
TDM Trunks
Original Interswitch Traffic
Optimized Interswitch Traffic
Figure 6. Two-Site Static Trunking Application
In addition to what is shown in the simple two-site application example of Figure 6, an I-Gate 4000 Gateway can simultaneously support static trunking operation with multiple I-Gate 4000 Gateways installed at different remote sites. Figure 7 is an example where each I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway supports static trunk operation with multiple distant I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals. The Figure 7 solution example has the following characteristics: Each I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway independently processes and optimizes the traffic carried between its unit and each one of the remote I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways, providing a significant bandwidth savings (typically between 88% and 94%) while also providing high quality and reliable traffic transport performance. Each I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway independently supports the bearer link(s) between its unit and one or more of the remote I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways.
MSC/PSTN Switch I-Gate 4000 PRO I-Gate 4000 PRO MSC/PSTN Switch
TDM Trunks MSC/PSTN Switch I-Gate 4000 PRO
TDM Trunks
TDM Trunks
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch
TDM Trunks MSC/PSTN Switch 88% - 94% Bandwidth Savings TDM Trunks Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway
TDM Trunks I-Gate 4000 PRO
Optimized Interswitch Traffic
MSC/PSTN Switch
Figure 7. Multiple Site Static Trunking Application
Application Note
It should be noted that although Figure 6 and Figure 7 show I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals only, an actual application could include a combination of I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway and I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway terminals, or I-Gate 4000 EDGE terminals only. For example, an I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway can be deployed at sites requiring the support of a large number of MSC/PSTN trunks, and an I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway can be deployed at sites requiring support for a small number of MSC/PSTN trunks. An example of a solution using only I-Gate 4000 EDGE Gateway terminals would be one in which multiple low-traffic rural or island switch sites are interconnected through thin-route satellite links. I-Gate 4000 Media Gateways can be connected to transmission networks using supported TDM interfaces and network topologies. Figure 8 is an example of multiple I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals and mobile and/or PSTN switches interconnected through SDH transmission links. In the Figure 8 example, the trunk links carrying the traffic between the MSC and/or PSTN switches and the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, as well as the bearer links carrying the optimized traffic between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, are implemented on the SDH transmission network.
I-Gate 4000 PRO I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch ADM I-Gate 4000 PRO ADM
MSC/PSTN Switch
I-Gate 4000 PRO
SDH Transmission Network

ADM MSC/PSTN Switch ADM MSC/PSTN Switch ADM MSC/PSTN Switch ADM MSC/PSTN Switch
Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway Figure 8. SDH-based Network Topology
I-Gate 4000 PRO
In the Figure 8 configuration, the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway provides operators with the flexibility to define the allocation of trunk and bearer links to best match their planning and budget targets. For example, one operator can allocate different STM1 interfaces and links for trunk and bearer traffic, whereas another can allocate some E1 spans within an STM1 interface and link to carry trunk traffic, and allocate other E1 spans within the same STM1 interface and link to carry bearer traffic.
Application Note
Solution 1 I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway Backup Network Solution

Figure 9 is an example of a backup network solution in which I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways are connected between the MSC or PSTN switches and the backup transmission network that provides operational protection to the primary transmission network. The I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways are configured to operate in Static Trunking mode, as described in The Standalone Static Trunking Operating Mode Characteristics section of this application note. In this network protection solution, the traffic between a pair of switches is normally carried over the primary network. In case of a failure in the primary network, the traffic to be carried through the failed links is routed by the switches to the associated I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, and this traffic is optimized by these terminals and transported over the backup network. The following sections describe three different examples of primary transmission network operating conditions for traffic handling flows for a Solution 1 example.

(e.g. Network #2 or SDH Ring 2) Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5

Figure 9. Solution 1 Backup Transmission Network Architecture
10
Application Note
Solution 1 Traffic Flow for Fully Available Primary Network When the primary transmission network has no traffic-affecting failure, the traffic between the switches is fully transported through the transmission network. Figure 10 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow (solid line arrows) under a normal primary network operating condition.

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5

Figure 10. Solution 1 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Available
11
Application Note
Solution 1 Traffic Flow for Fully Unavailable Primary Network In the case of a critical failure in the primary transmission network that makes it totally unavailable, in the Figure 10 example the traffic is automatically routed by the switches through the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, which optimize and transmit the optimized traffic over the backup network. Figure 11 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows).

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5

Original Traffic
Optimized Traffic
Figure 11. Solution 1 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Unavailable
The highly reliable compression mechanisms of the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals provide that the telephony signals (for example, voice, fax, modem) and signaling (for example, SS7, PRI, CAS) are carried over the backup network with minimal bandwidth requirements (88% to 94% bandwidth savings), thus allowing substantial savings on equipment and operations, together with the high-quality service necessary to avoid negatively impacting a companys competitiveness and revenue generation. In this example, it is assumed that all the primary network links are unavailable and accordingly that all the traffic is transported through the backup network. 12
Application Note
Solution 1 Traffic Flow for Partially Unavailable Primary Network In case of a failure in the primary transmission network that makes it partially unavailable, the traffic to be carried through the failed links is routed by the corresponding switches to the associated I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals, which optimize and transmit the optimized traffic over the backup network. Figure 12 and Figure 13 are examples of two cases of partially unavailable network operating conditions, and examples of traffic flows. In both cases, some primary network links are affected, and accordingly the corresponding traffic is transported through the backup network. The traffic of the non-affected primary network links is transported over the primary network. These two figures show the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways or directly to the primary network (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows).

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5

Original Traffic
Optimized Traffic
Figure 12. Solution 1, Case 1 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Partially Unavailable
In the example depicted in Figure 12 (Case 1), for a given switch, all its traffic is transmitted through the backup network (switches 1, 3, and 5) or through the primary network (switches 2 and 4).
13
Application Note
In the example in Figure 13 (Case 2), for a given switch, the links that carry traffic to certain switches are affected, and the links that carry traffic to the other switches are not affected. Accordingly, part of the switchs traffic (to certain routes) is carried through the primary network, and part of its traffic (to other routes) is carried through the backup network. In the example in Figure 13, the traffic between switches 2 and 5 is carried over the primary network, whereas the traffic between switches 1, 3, and 4, as well as the traffic between switches 1, 3, and 4 and switches 2 and 5, is carried over the backup network.

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5

Original Traffic
Optimized Traffic
Figure 13. Solution 1, Case 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Partially Unavailable
14
Application Note
Solution 2 Backup Network Solution with Load-Sharing Mode

In Solution 1, the backup network architectural solution is based on a network protection approach comprising a primary transmission network and a backup transmission network, where the backup network is used only when a failure takes place in the primary network. In Solution 1, interswitch traffic is either directly transmitted over the primary transmission network (normal primary network condition), or optimized and transmitted over the backup transmission network if the primary transmission network has a failure condition. For Solution 2, an alternative network architecture and traffic handling solution can be implemented, as shown in the example in Figure 14, where the interswitch traffic is always optimized. When the primary network has no traffic-affecting failure, the optimized traffic is split among both networks, primary and backup, and carried in load-sharing mode. This solution allows an enhanced utilization of the bandwidth resources, in turn allowing the operator to expand the traffic-carrying capability of the primary network with minimal CAPEX and OPEX.

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5

Figure 14. Solution 2 Backup Transmission Network Architecture
The following sections describe three different examples of primary transmission network operating conditions for Solution 2s traffic handling flows.
15
Application Note
Solution 2 Traffic Flow for Fully Available Primary Network Figure 15 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow when the primary network has no traffic-affecting failure. The original traffic is transmitted between the MSC or PSTN switches and the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows), and the optimized traffic (dashed line arrows) is split among the primary and the backup network and carried in load-sharing mode. This solution allows significant bandwidth savings on the primary network.

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5

Original Traffic
Optimized Traffic
Figure 15. Solution 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Available
16
Application Note
Solution 2 Traffic Flow for Fully Unavailable Primary Network In case of a critical failure in the primary transmission network that makes it unavailable, all of the optimized traffic from the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway terminals is transmitted over the backup network. Figure 16 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows).

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Original Traffic

Optimized Traffic
Figure 16. Solution 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Fully Unavailable
In the Figure 16 example, all the primary network links are affected; accordingly, all the traffic is transported through the backup network.
17
Application Note
Solution 2 Traffic Flow for Partially Unavailable Primary Network In case of a failure in the primary transmission network that makes the primary network partially unavailable, the corresponding optimized interswitch traffic is transmitted between I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network. Figure 17 is an example of the interswitch traffic flow transmitted from the switches to the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways (solid line arrows) and the optimized traffic flow transmitted between the I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateways over the backup network (dashed line arrows). In this example, some primary network links are affected; accordingly, the corresponding traffic is transported in its entirety through the backup network (long dashed line arrows). The traffic of the non-affected primary network links is split among the primary and backup networks and carried in load-sharing mode (short dashed line arrows).

I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
I-Gate 4000 PRO
MSC/PSTN Switch 1
MSC/PSTN Switch 2
MSC/PSTN Switch 3
MSC/PSTN Switch 4
MSC/PSTN Switch 5
Original Traffic

Optimized Traffic
Figure 17. Solution 2 Traffic Flow when Primary Network is Partially Unavailable
18
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Application Note

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Backup Network Protection Overview

MSC/PSTN Switch 2 Trunks

MSC/PSTN Switch 3 Trunks

MSC/PSTN Switch 4 Trunks

MSC/PSTN Switch 5 Trunks Trunks

Figure 1. Interswitch Transmission Network

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Backup Network Protection Models

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Backup Transmission Network

MSC/PSTN Switch 5 Primary Trunk Links

Primary Transmission Network

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Backup Transmission Network

MSC/PSTN Switch 5 Primary Trunk Links

Primary Transmission Network

Figure 3. Traffic Handling for Fully Available Primary Network

Backup Transmission Network

Primary Trunk Links

Primary Transmission Network

Figure 4. Traffic Handling for Fully Unavailable Primary Network

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Backup Transmission Network

Primary Trunk Links

Primary Transmission Network

Figure 5. Traffic Handling for Partially Available Primary Network

Backup Network Protection Reliability and Cost Challenges

Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

The Standalone Static Trunking Operating Mode Characteristics

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Dialogic I-Gate 4000 PRO Media Gateway

I-Gate 4000 PRO

Original Interswitch Traffic

Optimized Interswitch Traffic

Figure 6. Two-Site Static Trunking Application

TDM Trunks MSC/PSTN Switch I-Gate 4000 PRO

I-Gate 4000 PRO

Original Interswitch Traffic

TDM Trunks I-Gate 4000 PRO

Optimized Interswitch Traffic

Figure 7. Multiple Site Static Trunking Application

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

MSC/PSTN Switch ADM I-Gate 4000 PRO ADM

I-Gate 4000 PRO

SDH Transmission Network

I-Gate 4000 PRO

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Solution 1 I-Gate 4000 PRO Gateway Backup Network Solution

Backup Transmission Network

I-Gate 4000 PRO

I-Gate 4000 PRO

I-Gate 4000 PRO

I-Gate 4000 PRO

Primary Transmission Network

Figure 9. Solution 1 Backup Transmission Network Architecture

Bandwidth Optimization Solutions: Building Cost-Effective Backup Protection Networks

Backup Transmission Network