CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

The Clinic currently maintains and processes clinic transactions manually with a paper based system. Currently, when a patient walks in to the clinic, the nurse has in charge will search the patients record and retrieve it from manual filing cabinet. Consequently, wastage of time occurs as the both the patient and nurse have to wait for the record to be retrieved and search for record respectively. Also the current manual system creates inconsistent data as there is no mechanism to track the existing data of the patient in case if the patients details need to be updated. Also, these problems will also leads to data redundancy as multiple of records of the patients may exist in the clinic. Therefore, to curb these issues, a computerized system is required. Managing the key processes efficiently is critical to the success of the clinic helps you manage your processes.

. Problem background

The clinic currently manages and process clinic transactions manually on a paper based management system. When the existing clinic system manages patient records manually, wastage of time occurs as the both the patient and nurse have to wait for the record to be retrieved and search for record respectively. Also the current manual system creates inconsistent data as there is no mechanism to track the existing data of the patient in case if the patients details need to be updated. Also, this problem wills also leads to data redundancy as multiple of records of the patients may exist in the clinic. So after conducting the feasibility study decision has been taken to develop a computerized Clinic management system to manage patients record effectively. Furthermore, the system is user intimate and it may assist the clinic to arrange their activities and at the same time resolve the problem.

Project aim

Clinic Management System is a system used by the doctors and clinic assistants to help managing their daily activity. The reception will search it useful because the system has advantage that can assist the clinic record system. This system will allow doctors and clinic assistants to manage patient records, medicine records, and details of appointment and updated report. The system will implement the new generation of clinic management system that provide data and information accurately and intemperately. The system is developing to solve the problems being when using manual based on the system. Data inconsistency, data mix with other data and problem on reporting is the major problem that the user is facing. Because of that, this system is specially develop to overcome this problems. Besides that, it is flexible to the the clinic doctors and assistants to maintain patient record. These systems are easy and simple for user to use due to its user-friendly interfaces. This system will have the capacity to display patient and/or clinic information related reports and information. Other than that, the system will help on minimizing the losing of data. 1.4 Project Objective

Based on the system, there are some objectives have been clarified:

A design Clinic Management System that will solve the problem existed in the previous system and improved the record and update systematically.

To study the management maintenance of records in the current system. The details that were kept manually will be in database.

To analysis user requirements on the types of report that may view and print out. This allows the assistant of the clinic to view and print out various type of clinic reports. Project Scope

1.5

Developing a Clinic Management System for the using of clinic to manage patient patients record.

Developed the programming of Clinic Management System by using Visual Basics.Net (VB.NET).

All the detail will be store in a database using Microsoft Access. Users can add members, search members, update information, edit information, and fix appointments in quick time.

1.6 .

The important of project

The main important of the system is to help the clinic to manage their patients records effectively and the system will overcome the problems that happen when applying the

previous system and the manual system. This project will reduce the wastage of time taken in searching and updating patient records. Consequently, minimizing the redundancy of records of the patients in the clinic. Additional features of the system may assist users to improve knowledge and at the same time helping to solve the problems.

1.7

Summary

Clinic Management System is a system used to help manage patient records. The problem facing by the Clinic Management System is that the existing system, all transactions were done manually. So after conducting the feasibility study decision has been taken to make the manual Clinic Management System to be computerized. This project is to implement the new generation Clinic Management System that provides data and information accurately and intemperately. The aim of the project is to develop Clinic Management System a program by using the Visual Basics programming language which will improve the record and update systematically.

2.1

Introduction

In this chapter, it is going on the research about the system of Clinic Management System. The research is done on 3 hospital management systems which are University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Subang medical Centre, and Putra medical Centre. Database design includes information and data that should be kept as relationship data types, data sizes and table. A tool called Microsoft Access, SQL, and MSQL is used to implement the database management system. 2.2 Existing system

Existing System is for as concerned to project its defined as the system which presently we are using and the proposed system is the new techniques implemented to the existing project if any mistake was happened 2.2.1. University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)

University Malaya Medical Centre was established in 1958 for education of medical, tertiary patient care, fundamental and nursing and allied health sciences, and applied research in hospital medicine prescribed in the urban community. Pleasant courtyard planted with mature trees intervened between departments to provide a sense of greenery, fragrance and openness.

UMMC has a total of 30 specialty clinics, 20 operating theaters, 950 beds, diagnostic medical imaging facilities and intervention, diagnostic laboratories, endoscopic suites, forensic units, intensive care and high dependency units, transfer of medical units, and the Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) provide advanced treatment facilities and patient services. In 2006, UMMC receives 92,000 trauma and emergency patients, 52,100 inpatients, and 568,000 outpatients. Hospital staffed by 450 physicians and 1,275 nurses. UMMC has pioneered heart surgery, intensive care unit, dialysis, Siamese twins surgery, nutritional support therapy and pediatric bone marrow transplantation. Opportunities for basic and clinical research in the master's degree programs facilitate the achievement of students of the highest quality in health care and education.

2.2.2 Subang Medical Centre

Equipped with 96 suites, 395 beds and 16 clinics operating theater treat up to 1,600 patients in a day and 300 outpatients, award-winning SDMC SJ has made medical history in Malaysia with many achievements over the past two decades through excellence in health care. As Sime Darby Healthcare's main hospital, many SDMC SJ 180 experts were trained in the US, UK or the AUSTRALIA and key opinion leaders in their respective fields in the region. All medical and allied healthcare staff are proficient in English. You know you are in safe hands at a hospital that offers all major specialties and a variety of additional specialty services using cutting-edge medical technology and techniques. SDMC SJ has some of the most advanced systems in the world of medicine for diagnostics and therapy, including 64-slice PET / CT scanner, MR scanner 3.0Tesla, A3d Dose Rate brachytherapy system High Dual Source CT scanner and the Chemotherapy Hi-Art System. 2.2.3 Putra Medical Centre

A Medical Centre, Putra Medical Centre started serving patients with excellent health care and accurate. We cover the most common clinical services such as internal medicine, obstetrics, orthopedic, Otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics, general & pediatric surgery, gynecology, and family health. Equipped with excellent facilities, we cater for cases Outpatient & Medical Specialists. We have a General Outpatient Clinic for common medical disorder and the Specialist clinics and we focus on cases that are more complex and challenging. Whatever the date, we make sure we have just the best doctors and surgeons trained to care for our patients. Ward comfortably furnished, with rooms ranging from single beds to four beds. Each is equipped with satellite television, shower and hot water to make our patients are more relaxed and comfortable. We also equip each room with a supply of juice and snacks. Putra Medical Centre, we aim to the best guidance and service as we help improve your health and enrich your life. 2.3 Technologies research on development

The Technological Research on Development a works with early-stage technology and entrepreneurs to accelerate their planning, fundraising efforts, development strategies and growth.

2.3.1. Microsoft visual basic express

Visual Studio Express provides development tools for creating modern applications on the latest platforms. To provide the specialized capabilities and tools required to develop on each platform, Visual Studio Express are platform-specific with multiple language support. Microsoft Visual Studio Express is a set of freeware HYPERLINK "Visual_Studio_Express http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_ "concerted development of surrounding (IDE) developed by Microsoft that are lightweight versions of the Microsoft Visual Studio product line Express Editions were was inspired beginning with Visual Studio 2005. Expressedisi idea is to provide the coordinated, easy to use and easy to study ides for other users of professional of software developers, such as hobbyists and students. . 2.3.2. Visual basic.net

VB.NET is the generation of VB. It aims Runtime. NET and the Framework. . NET Runtime manages the execution of programs and memory, and represents NET Framework components that can be reused, but incorporate a wider set of features from the VB6 runtime Windows. In addition, NET allows you to have a framework that can be used by many languages, including C #, C + +, and Ruby, etc. VB.NET gives you several options on new projects, including ASP.NET web page, WPF applications, and console applications, and Windows service (VB Express only provide the following project types: Windows Form application, console, WPF applications, class libraries and WPF Browser application). VB.NET compile IL code, intermediate byte code used by NET Runtime, but. NET will implement this code in native format to run through a compiler Just-In-Time (it does not run in interpreted mode). 2.4 Database management system

Database Management System (DBMS) is the the software that controls by a computer program maintenance, invention, and the use the database. And also enable organizations

be easy to develop databases for various applications. Database is a integrated collection of files, data records, and objects. DBMS allows various user application programs simultaneously accessing to similar database. DBMS can using various database models, such as the object model or relationship model, to be easy describe and effectively support the application. It commonly supports query languages, which is actually a high-level programming language, the language of a particular database easier to write the database application program Language database also simplifies database organization as well retrieval and communication of information from it. DBMS provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency control, and recovering the database after failures and the restore from a backup file, as well maintains database security.

2.4.1. Microsoft access Database is a collection of related information. Allow access to manage information in a database file. In Access, there are seven main areas; there is a Query, Relationships, Report, and table, Form, Module and Macro. A query is a way to manipulate the data to be displayed in a report or form. Queries may organize, group, calculate, join tables, filter, delete data, update data and etc. Microsoft Access database query language is SQL .Needs to know SQL not needed during the early stages of learning Access. Relationship is a bond that develops among the table. They join a table that has related elements. To do this there is a one field in each table, which relate to each other, and have the same value. The report resulting from the manipulation of the data which was entered into a database. Unlike the form, cannot be changed. The report aimed to be used to output data to other devices or applications. The tables that contain data look a bit like a table in Microsoft Word or a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, when opened. They have columns and rows as does a table in Microsoft Word and an Excel worksheet. Each of the columns will have a field name at the top and each of the rows will represent a record. Tables are the backbone and the data storage container that is inserted into the database. If the table is not set correctly, by the right relationship, the database can be slow, giving the wrong result or do not respond in a way that expected. Tables

containing the data similar a bit as table in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, or Microsoft Word when opened. They have columns and rows as table in Excel worksheets and the Microsoft Word. Each have the name field at the top and each row will represent a record. Form is the main interface through which database users enter data. Person entering data will interact with regularly form. Programmers may set a form to show only the data needed. By using property, queries, VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), macro and the ability to edit, delete and add data can also be set. The form can be established and developed to reflect their usage will be needed for. Basic module programming language that supports the Microsoft Access window in which the module is able to write and save Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Advanced Microsoft Access users tend to use VBA instead of macro. Macro is an automatic way to access to carry out a series of actions to the database. Provide access selection actions carried out in the order you enter Advantages of Microsoft Access are Multi-User Functions. Microsoft Access is not intended to have a number of users at any given time. Although it can support them, the problem with the function can appear. Another advantage is Single File-Save, all information from database is stored in a file This may limit what can be done by it and slow down the queries, forms ,and reports.

2.4.2. SQL Structured Query Language (SQL) is a specialized the language for updating the, deleting, and requests information from the database. SQL is an ANSI and ISO standards, and a database the question de facto standard the language. A variety of established database products support SQL, including products from Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. It is widely used in the industry and academicians, often in the database, a large complex. In a distributed database system, the program is frequently referred as "back-end" database duties is always on a server, the interpretation of data on the database server is has failed as a standard relationship. Client programs on your computer allow programs to manipulate data, using the name of the party and Minister of Finance, columns, rows, and fields. Order to do this, the client program sending SQL statements to the server. Server then processes return and answer clients returns program.

SQL Advantage is Scalability. Scale terminology used to describe the ability to evolved as the business grows larger. When a business grows quickly, small a database application such as access can become a bottleneck to the consent the Website or desktop. Microsoft SQL Server is fast for large and smaller businesses, so as the business grows, SQL server is can handle the amount of new demand database. SQL Server Can handles millions of records and transactions. Aside from that is the security. Safety is a major issue for any site. SQL Server allows the administrator to grant or deny access ACCESS to the article. SQL Server has a particular change in the application of where the article will be added to the truth. SQL Server allows the administrator to specify the name of the party and the Minister of Finance and stored procedures can plan ACCESS and questions. And this obviously limits what records and information Can questioned article, which protects the customer's business information.

2.4.3. MYSQL

MySQL is the open source a relational database management system. MySQL is very fast of Database Management System that is reliable and flexibly. It provides very high performance of and it is the user database management of system a multi-threaded and multi-ties. MySQL is one of the most Top database management of system web relationship. Database MySQL database has become of the most popular an open source in the world, because it is free and available on almost all platforms. MySQL can run at UNIX, Windows, and Mac OS. MySQL is used for Internet applications because it provides the good speed and very secure. MySQL was developed to manage large volumes of data at extremely high speed to overcome the problems existing solutions. MySQL could use for applications probity but it is mostly used for web applications on the clients. Reliability and performance of advantages MYSQL MySQL is very reliable and high-performance a relational database management system. It can be applied to store lots of GB of data into the database software addition to rumit.MySQL Authority has of the most ability to handle most applications and corporate conduct databases used to very easy and quick

2.5

Comparison between existing system and technologies.

Features Login Logout View Patient Data View Medicine

Example 1 / / / /

Example 2 / / / /

Example 3 / / / /

Planning Project / / / /

Data View Staff Data View Hospital Procedure Document Add Admission Data View Observation Data View Appointment Data

/ / / /

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This system is design to overcome the problem caused by the existing system to the user. The system is design by using web-based concept where VB.Net for the interface design of the system and MySQL is the database. The user gave some input pertaining some the problem that arises when using the manual clinic management system. The main problem stated is the display of report. The unnecessary data are mix in the report when are displayed and this do not satisfy the user thus do not accomplish user requirements. Due to that, the user uses the manual system to manage the activity in the clinic. Clinic assistant and clinic staff use manual system to record all the information and transaction that happen in clinic. The number of patient increases day by day so as the patient's data. This will affect the use of paper each time patient comes to the clinic for treatment. 2.6 Summary

The research that has been done on 3 hospital management systems which are University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Subang medical Centre, and Putra medical Centre has shown a guideline in developing the clinic management system.

CHAPTER 4

4.1 INTRODUCTION Design and implementation of clinical management is an activity allows clinics to offset the daily demand for facilities clinic for clinical review. For a waiting list choose the 'right' patients to balance the patient's own needs, management clinics, nursing staff and medical staff is not an easy job. They are lot clinics are involved in controlling quick processing of patients one hand and optimal use of limited original on the other make these wicked problems. The End result will need to take about various factors that it can only be taken by a human decision maker on this. It is not possible to provide support to these decision makers. 4.2 System Structure and Navigation Plan 4.3 System Flows

4.3.1 Use Case Diagram

4.3.2 Sequence Diagram

4.3.2.1 User registration

Generally user registration mean the person can become a registered patient or user by providing some details, usually in the form of a username (or email) and password. After that, one can access information and singularity unavailable to non-registered patient or users, generally in the action of providing in the user registration details for a website is called logging in, or signing in.

4.3.2.2 Login

In computer safety log in or log on refers to some of the information needed to gain access to the computer system or other limited area. Log on or in and sign on or in is a process by which individual access to a computer system controlled by identifying and confirming the patient through the details submitted by the patient.Once a patient or user has logged in, they can log out or log off when the access is no longer needed. Logging in is usually used to entry a specific

page, which intruder cannot see. Once the user is logged in, the login sign may be used to track what actions the user has taken while connected to the site. 4.3.2.3 Make Appointment Many people are making their own appointments. Some people are referred by a doctor. Most people are treated on as patients, meaning their make assessment of the, treatments and test are done at the clinic, results are sent to their basic treatment doctor and they also can go back home the same day. 4.3.2.4 Medicine Registration Medicine Registration, practice is not limited to the allocation of direct clinical care and includes using professional knowledge in a direct not clinical relationship with clients, working in management, research, education, administration, and advisory.

4.3.2.4 Consultant Consultant is an experienced people who are trained to advise and analyze clients and in an effort to help client make the best choice possible. A strategic consultant can evaluate business plans and help clients develop plans to meet strategic purpose. 4.4 Data Base Design 4.5 Interface Design 4.6 Implementation 4.7 Summary Application used in this chapter such as Star UML to design the use case diagram and sequence diagram, Visual Basics have been used to design the interfaces of this system.