llowmg statements is correct .

Section

Answer all the questions .

Study the circuit in Fig. 1.1 . 3V

I
0

0 --

4700/-lF

220Q

Fig.1.1 The switch S is closed to charge the capacitor. When the switch is opened the capacitor discharges through the resistor. Here is a list of values: 1.4 x 10-2 2.1
X

10-2

1.0

1.4

2.1

Choose from the list the value that is closest to (a) the time constant r of the circuit in seconds value .... ...... ......... .. s (b)
the charge in coulombs on the capacitor when at a p.d. of 3.0 V

value .. ......... .. ........ C (c)

the energy stored on the capacitor in joules when at a p.d. of 3.0 V

value .. .. .............. ... J 4) the initial value of the current in ampere when the fully charged capacitor discharges through the resistor. value ..... ..... ... ..... . A

Ifd~:

[ 4 ]

(i)

Explain the shape of the graph.

[2) (ii) On Fig . 12 .2, sketch how the flux linkage of the coil changes with time.
[1 ]

3)

When the magnet spins at 30 revolutions per second, the amplitude of the emf across the 120 turn copper coil is 1.3 V. Estimate the maximum flux in the core.

maximum flux = ...................... ..... Wb [2] 3) The amplitude of the emf for a given rotational speed can be increased by using a stronger magnet which increases the flux density in the coil.

Describe and explain two other modifications to the device of Fig . 12.1 to increase the 3.mplitude of the emf for a given rotational speed .

[3] 4) Explain why the core is made from thin iron sheets glued together rather than being solid iron.

[Total: 11:]

[Turn over

1.-4
I

3 This question is about the possibility of fusion between a tritium nucleus and a deuterium nucleus.

A tritium nucleus ~H and a deuterium nucleus ~H approach each other along the same line with the same speed u.

~H

~H

- - - 8 8 1 -----..." - 1t-OC---- W Fig. 3.1 1)

- -

Each nucleus decelerates, comes to rest and then accelerates in the reverse direction. (i) By considering conservation of momentum, explain why both nuclei cannot come to rest at the same time .

................................................... .... ..... .. .. ...... ...................... ......................................... [IJ

2) When the nuclei are closest together they have the same velocity. Show that this velocity is u15 .

[2] (b) (i) Energy is conserved during the interaction. Write a word equation relating th e initial energy of the two nuclei when they are far apart, shou mak to their energy when they are closest togeth er. Your equation ld e clear the kind(s) of energy involved .

......... ....... ... ... ........ .................. ............................................................. .. ...................... [1]

.- --..::..

(ii) Show that the total initial kinetic energy of the two nuclei is equal to 4.18 x 10-27 u2 joule where u is in m S-1 .

(iii)

The potential energy E of two charges 01 and 02 ' separated by a distancer is given by
1 2
E=

EO 4TI

--

EO

= permittivity of free space

For ~H and ~H to fuse, their separation must be no more than 1.50 x 10-15 m. Calculate the minimum value of u for fusion to take place.

m inim um value of u

= .................... ............................

m 8-1

[S J
[Total 9 : ]

[Turn over

0.0

0.01
I

0.02 0.03 0.04 0,05 0.06 0.07 0.08

! !
I !

0,09 0.10
! !
I

distance/m
I

O.020m
..;--.----

1 --- -

0.10 m S-l

/
/ region of uniform magnetic
/

v
coil position att == 0

field B = 0,032T

v
coil position at t == LOs

Fig. 4.2
(i) Show that the voltmeter reading as the coil enters the field region, after t = 0,20s, is 80 rnV, Explain your reasoning fully,

[2 ]

(ii)

On Fig, 4,3, draw a graphbf the voltmeter reading against time for the motion of the coil from Y to Z, Label the y~ axis with a suitable scale, [:3]

..

:t" ,'j !
J

i [l Ii T ,TT,
I
H

iIi
I
!
I.
,

II i :
Ii, !

voltmeter reading

Tl~

I!
i

ill i
I
I
't"1

tJ I
.. ~ 1

"+
IJ

t 'I

1,0
i

i I

, 1

.J

+..

i
..

j f , ,
\'
r
' 1

II i t~
.

il
..
. ..

iJ
I I

i!

t
:
I...

II

_L .L

1'1.

tis

[T ota !:

7 ]

!
5

For

j=xaminer'5

g Ar nitro a gen v atom it is y initia . lly stati onar y at point P in 600 V Fig. 5.1 , mid way betw een two large Fig. 5.1 horiz 1) ontal Th paral e dir lel plate ect s in ion of an evac th uate e d ele cha ctri mbe c r. for The ce nitro on gen th atom e beco nit mes ro char ge ged. n Ther ion e is is an ver elect tic ric all field y betw do een wn the wa plate rd s . s. Igno St re at any e effec wit ts of h

a ...... ....... r ... ... e ....... a ..... . s o ... .. n ...... ...... t ... .. h .. .. . e ... .. ...... s .... .. i ... ... g ....... n ... ... o . ..... f ....... ....... t ....... h .. ... e [1]

c the instant that t At h and mass 2.3 a r (i) the kinet g e o n t h e i o n . Th (c) e electric separation of (ii)

the spee

. . . . . . .

Use

separati on

= ........ ...... .... .. .... .. .. .. .

m [1]

For
Examiner's

Use

(d) The ion passes through a hole in the lower plate at a speed of 6.5 x 104 m S-1. It enters a reg ion of uniform magnetic field of flu x density 0.17 T perpendicularl y into the plane of Fig. 5.2.

t
x

x x x x

x x x x

x x x x

x x x

x x
x

x x x

x x x x

x x
x

x x

x x x

-------- magnetic field x . Into the plane of x x the paper

Fig. 5.2
(i) (ii) Sketch on Fig. 5.2 the semicircular path taken by th e ion .

[1]

Calculate how far from the hole the ion will collide with the plate. Use data from (b).

distance

= ... ............. .. ... .. ..

[Total: 10]

m [3]

JCY '"

[Turn over

particles the synchronisation of the accelerating force with the particle motion the meth od of maintaining the charged particles in a curved path the energies which each machine is capable of imparting to the charged particles (numerical values are not required) the relative advantages of the two types of machine.

detecto r alpha particle source

magnetic field

hole

ha particles

g th as they o from the source to e detector. (ii) State why there must be a vacuum in the tube.

[1J

[1 ]

lide two protons.If the protons have sufficient speed such an event can produce more protons. Explain why high-speed protons are necessa ry for the producti on of more protons .
<

rt quark composition of all ' I equatIOn. Quark

u

. h
p a Charge +2/3 -1/3 -113 Strangeness
0 0
IC

es m t e

d s
p ...... ... .

.. .... . .... .. ... ....... 0- .. . . :

....... .... K + ..
....... ... ........... . KO .

K- ..... .... ... ...

C2 .)
(c)

Complete the following nuclear equation showing the betaoxvge n.

-)

. ecay of an Isotope mmus of

'

x
(:1 )