Ecosistema Efecto

Temperatura Referencia

Heat stress reduces photosynthesis in symbiontic partner (? Inhibition199931: Winter et al.(38)) (Zooxanthella 2: Hoegh-Guldberg, of Rubisco-activase 199838: Law, Craf

Arrecifes de Corales

If not yet reached max. temperature increase of17: Xiao et al. NPP
ore decompostion of soil matter mo PS higher 199818: Ellison, Farnsworth. 1996 M

Bosques de Manglares

Longterm exposure: growth declines, less photosynthetic efficiency, less biomass, release of organic exudate 25: Koch et al 200736: Lee K-S et al. 2007

Praderas de Pastos

Biota Marina General

Fisico Quimico Basicos Salinidad Referencia

ura Valor Efecto

(18C<)Temp. opt <28.3 30.2C (2)

starts concentrations over short time-periods or slightly reduced concentrations over longer very low bleaching above 28.3
important: constant temperature, mostly between 25 and 24 2: Hoegh-Guldberg, 19993: Kerswell, Jones. MEPS, (2003)

>31C for marine invertebrates>35C for mangrove trees (18)In caribbean transport despite strong osmotic pressure, salt-storation/ adapted to high salinity levels (water ecosystems Bingham. 200120: Ball, Farquhar. 1984 19: Kathiresan,

Longterm exposure (several weeks)Maximum testudium reacts to low salinities by decrease 200635: Koch et al 2007 efficiency, chan Thalassia growth: 28C - 31C Thalassia testudinum:>31C:chlorophyll, lowerof photosynthetic 26: Thorhaug et al. of slightly decrease PS

Que efecto tiene el contenido de sal aumentado? Osmolaridad? Porque decline la tasa de PS?

ico Quimico Basicos pH Referencia

alinidad Valor Efecto

Valor

Optimal salinity between 32-40 (2)

chemical speciation ofmillepora): at2lower etlimited(2007)34: Guinotte, Fabry. 2008 due to dult corals (AcroporaHoegh-Guldberg, O. aragonite saturation
there is less dissolved carbon a
5: carbonate
ppt pH (AND:fertilization, 30 ppt 100% development 3 al. Sc. more pCO2), value of 200mg/kg (5), corresponding to pCO2 of 480 matm (34) pH?

Solution of 50 mM Nacl (seawater=10mM) (20) More acidic condtitions 24: Chandrika et al. 199025: Koch et(25)
2S can be toxic to plants, benefici more H2S (speciation)= Phytotoxin al 2007 H

Low salinity:Mortality at <20 ppt Salt/seawaterdecreasing PS-rate due to speciation of Fabry.HCO3- utilization ppt to range (26)High s Increasing pH for 48 hoursLower photosyntheticOptimum pH rangeat 24-28 as inorganic of highes 29: Durako 199334: Guinotte, CO2: already correspond for 24 h carbon so efficiency 2008

entado? Osmolaridad? Porque decline la tasa de PS?

27:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00

Nutrientes Solidos Sospendidos (SST o TSS) Efecto Referencia Valor Nitrogeno (DIN, NO3, NO2, NH3, Total-N) Efecto Referencia

Dependend on chemical30: Bongiorni et al. 200348: Fabricius K.E. 2005 form, concentration and trophic status of ecos 64: Aller y Dodge, 1974. 65: Rogers, 1990. 66: CarricartGanivet y Merino, 2001. 67: Cortes y Risk, 1985. 68: Gilmour, Sedimentation buries the aerial roots1998 Avicennia germinans, Rhizophora mangle, Feller already partiallyConocarpus erectus 22: Ellison (Pneumatophore) suppresses the root gas exchange et al. 2003 if ecosystem=N-limited: 21: Laguncularia increase of plant growth and le N-input leads to racemosa, burying causes dea

Suspended particles as well asNewell, Koch 200433: Phlips foral 1995 growth: If depth Ferdie, ecosystem:
200427: Lee, Dunton. 19 32: PhytoplanktonCritical water column lead to increased26: exceeds maximal Depth D m between lightg in the value et seagrass on nutrient content ofwhich decreaseslimited: increase1.36/ Dependend turbidity Fourqureanf N the amount of of I

00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:

Nutrientes NO3, NO2, NH3, Total-N) Valor Fosforo (SRP, PO4, Total-P) Efecto Referencia Valor

Microbiologico Coliformes (Totales, Fecales, Termotolerante Enterococos) Efecto

More favourable:Nitrite: 0.095 mMNitrate: 0.385 mMAmmonia: 1.016 mMPhosphate: 0.123 mMThan: Nitrite: 0.075 mMNitrate associated with elevated nutrient concentrations, turbidity, eutro

Depends on individual demand of 19: Kathiresan, Bingham. 200120: Ball, areademand of nutrients of ecosystem, plant species if P is limiting element:increase stem elongation rates, leaf Farquhar.development of sclerophylls (storation of nutrie nutrients of ecosystem, plant on individual (20) 1984 Dependend species (21)

optimal: oligotroph
the range of 26: Ferdie,pore ecosystem:
testudinum al.2003of growth rate, length(39) more biomass (but sea Dependend on nutrient content of water: for T.f for T. Testudinum for saturation: 25 mM (e.g. Nearshore)
P saturat In sediment Fourqurean 200439: Gras et 8 180 mM NH4+: the higher the Threshold P limited: increase I If

0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:

Microbiologico Totales, Fecales, Termotolerantes, Enterococos) Referencia Valor

Hidrocarburos Hidrocarburos Aromaticos Totales (HAT) Hidrocarburos Disueltos y Dispersos (HDD)) Efecto Referencia

6: Larsen, Webb. JCR (2009)7: Gochfeld et al.inhibited, larval metamorphosis reduced (8), MPB (2000)9: Jacksonof planulae from b Fertilization PR (2007) 8: Negri et al. premature expulsion et al. Sc (1989)15

nutrients of ecosystem, plant species

Mangrove roots heavily affected because in critical intertidal zone

ead trees
eedlings do not produ D
S 8: Negri et al. MPB (2000) 9: Jackson et al. Sc (1989) 15: Peters et al. 1997 18: Ellison. 1996

ation: 25 mM (39)

Thalassia testudium: entire beds killed after oiling, leaves fouled(1989) 9: Jackson et al. Sc by algaeSubtidal grasses survived d 15: Peters et al. 1997 47: Lewis y Devereux 2008 44: Westphalen et al. 2004

27:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:0027:00:00

pueden ser agudos y letales cuando ingresan1: Baumard et al. 1999 en altas concentraciones, especialmente para especie 15: Peters et al. 1997

ros os Totales (HAT) Dispersos (HDD)) Valor

Plaguicidas Organoclorados, Organofosfados Insecticidas, Herbicidas, Fungicidas Efecto Referencia

Valor

Fertilization inhibited ofHerbicides restrict electron transfer in photosynthetic chloroplastal. EA (2007)23:of 0.0721 mg/L ,Minimum 25%, larval metamorphosis reduced by 98% at total hydrocarbon Diuron forof photosynthetic efficiency 10: Haynes et concentration Schaffelke(10)Coralline alg decrease CCA: 3 ug/L et al. 2005

Breakdown of cell walls in roots and leaves seedlings mostet al. EA (2007)11: Bell, Duke.establishment 10: Haynes sensitive for Avicennia marina: 2 ug/kg se Diuron inbihit seedling MPB (2005)13

Decrease of Photosynthetic rate (s.a., electron transfer) (10, 15)

oncentracionesPetersgSimazine in wate 10: Haynes et
EA (2007)15: (<10 et L-1) (Westphalen c Diuron, Atrazine and al. 199723: Scha al.

Photosynthesis inhibition (10)

10: Haynes et al. EA (2007) s.a.s.a.s.a.s.a.

Metales Pesados Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg Referencia

Efecto

Valor

General

Mn induces iron deficiency in some algae inhibitional. 201113: Ali et albranchedPeters et al. 1997 12: Hedouin et of chlorophyll synthesis Symbiosis (12)
sensitive to contamination than 201115: corals are more Inhibition of coral fertilization, redu

Cadmium leads to cellular damage in leaf cells (16)

ajor part of heavy metalset(16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3sedime 15: Peters etM 199716:51.2 15.3 mg/L al 200919: Kathiresan, Bingham. 2001 in mg/L ( al. Cd: Thangaradjou probably unavailable because immobilized

Productivity, carbon uptake, photosynthesis potential199744: Westphalenmgaffectinc of H.ovalis (23)muy variable entre organis 15: Peters et al. reduced (15)Cu and Zn L-1
PS
.1 - 3.3 mg L-1
lomo entre 0.1 y 10.3 Cadmio
.56 - 1 0 Z 0 p

Mn: Important for metabolic processes, toxic only at high concentrations, 201114: Peshut et al. 200723: Schaffelke (12)Mn: Adult Fo 12: Hedouin et al. 201113: Ali et al early life stages more sensitive (12)Ni: in et al. 200537: ph Mn: Adult phytoplankton, inverterbrates, fish: 1,5 mg/L low concentratio

-12

are more sensitive to contamination than massive ones (15)

eproduction, recruitment, sympiontic interactions rely on chemical communication, that R

.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51

.1 - 3.3 mg L-1
lomo entre 0.1 y 10.36 mg L-1
obre
.06 1 mg L-1
Cadmio
.56 - 1 mg L-1
inc
.1 - 3.3 mg L-1
lomo entre 0.1 y 10.3 p c 0 (44)
0 Z 0 p

terbrates, fish: 1,5 mg/L (12)Mn: Adult phytoplankton, inverterbrates, fish: 1,5 mg/L (12)Mn: Adult phytoplankton, inverterbrates, fish: 1,5 mg/L (12)

eractions rely on chemical communication, that can be easily disturbed by interfering chemicals from outside (15)

2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)Cd: 51.2 15.3 mg/L (16)

1 Zinc
.1 - 3.3 mg L-1
lomo entre 0.1 y 10.36 mg L-1
obre
.06 1 mg L-1

0 p c 0 (44)

ytoplankton, inverterbrates, fish: 1,5 mg/L (12)

2 3 4

6 7 8 9

10

11 12

13 14 15 16

17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25

26
27

28

29

30

31

32
33

34

35

36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

45 46

47

48 49

50

51

52 53 54

55

56

57 58

59

60 61 62

63

64 65 66

67
68

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http://www .mendeley.c om/researc h/oceanacidificationJhon

Jhon, Caro Jhon