BLKENT UNIVERSITY ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EEE-495
Fall, 2012

POWER SYSTEM DESIGN PROJECT REPORT

22 December 2012

Hseyin Nuri Glmez Semih Tun Melih Ege avuculu

Table of Contents 1.Introduction 1.1. Aim of Project (3) 1.2. Description of Project (3) 1.3. General Information about Turkish System (3) 1.3.1. Statistical Informations about Turkish System (4) 1.3.2. Comments for Table1 and Chart1 (5) 2. Technical Section (5) 2.1. Basic info about combined cycle natural gas power plant and environmental aspects (5) 2.2. Differences between before and after the Bilkent PP connection (6) 2.2.1. Observations for Table3 (7) 2.2.2. Diagrams, Power Flows and Voltage Rates for before and after Bilkent PP connection (7) 2.3. Short Circuit Analysis (8) 2.3.1. Why do we need short circuit analysis (8) 2.3.2. Three phase short circuit calculation by hand (8) 2.3.3. Short Circuit Currents Tables (8) 2.3.4. Comments for short circuit current table (9) 2.4. N-1 Contingency Analysis (9) 2.4.1. Why do we need N-1 Contingency Analysis (9) 2.4.2. N-1 Contingency analysis flow exceeding table for Bilkent Bus (10) 2.4.2.1. Comment for Table5. (10) 2.4.3. N-1 Contingency analysis flow exceeding table for connection busses (11) 2.4.3.1. Comments for Table6. (11) 3.Cost (12) 3.1. Cost Items (13) 3.2. Cost Definitions (13) 3.3. Cost Table For Bilkent Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant (13) 3.4. Economical Evaluation (14) 3.4.1. Generation Cost (14) 3.4.2. Transmission Cost (15) 3.4.3. Overall Cost and Analysis (16) 4. Conclusion (18) 5. References (18)

1. Introduction
1.1. Aim of Project
Aim of this project can be divided into three parts those are creating an high voltage electrical system, analyzing the created system and writing the documentation of analysis results.

1.2. Description of Project

In this project, we are responsible to connect 705MW natural gas-combined cycle power plant named Bilkent PP to appropriate place. Bilkent PP has three generators that are connected 380 kV Bilkent Bus via 15 km of transmission lines. 380 kV Bilkent Bus should be connected Turkish system through 380 kV busses. This project contains connection diagrams, power flow analysis, short circuit test results, contingency analysis and cost evaluations.

Figure1. Bilkent PP

1.3. General Information about Turkish System

Existing Turkish System consists of electricity production, transmission and it distribution. It is threephase 400 kV interconnected system. Transmission system involves 380 kV and 154 kV transmission lines and these lines are connected to distribution system via transformers. Transformers decrease voltages through distribution system gradually.220 Volt 50 Hz AC reaches domestic consumers at the end of decreasing.

Figure2. Existing 400kV Turkish Power System

1.3.1. Statistical Informations

Total Generation: 33683,6 MW Total Loads: 33156 MW Total Losses: 506,43 MW

Total Installed Power: 52911,1 MW Breakdown of Installed capacity: 230306 GWh

Table1, Chart1 and Table2 gives additional information about Turkish system.

Table1. Generated energy according to fuel types.

Chart1. Electricity generation percentages of companies.

Table2. Peak load and minimum load conditions

1.3.2. Comments for Table1 and Chart1

As it seen in Table1, Turkey uses different kinds of energy sources to generate electricity. Natural gas, coal and hydroelectric are primary energy sources, nearly 98% of electricity generated by these sources. On the other hand, alternative sources such as wind and geothermal accelerates. We see that there are many players in electricity generation market of Turkey. Private sector has 54% of electricity generation market and they it dominates the market. Then EUAS comes second after private companies. Although private sector dominates market, charges priced by EPDK. EPDK provides balance between government companies and private companies.

2. Technical Section
2.1. Basic info about combined cycle natural gas power plant and environmental aspects.
Firstly, natural gas comes to power plant by pipelines and it is directed to the firing turbines. In fire turbines, aspirated air is squeezed until its pressure reaches 16 bars and its temperature reaches 480. Then heated air is combined with natural gas(40 bars , 200). At the second stage, gas combination goes to the combuster. Combuster increases the air combinations heat to 1350 and combination is directed to 4 levels gas turbine blades to rotate turbine rotor. The turbine rotor is coupled with generator rotor so at the same time also generator rotor is rotated. Therefore, the gas turbine generates electricity with 50 Hz frequency. In order to increase the energy efficiency heated gas is sent to steam turbine unit. Steam turbine has three pressure levels which are high pressure, intermediate pressure and low pressure. Steam turbine gas has high pressure and temperature level and it is forwarded to low pressure and low temperature condenser. There is turbine between boiler and condenser thus steam rotates turbine. This turbine includes stationary blade and rotating blade. The stationary blade decreases steam pressure and canalizes it to rotating one. The rotating blades converts kinetic energy to mechanical energy. At the end of this process, steam loses its pressure and temperature. In the last stage of combined-cycle electricity generation, cooling starts. Condenser play role in cooling mechanism, it makes exhaust steam into water and exhaust steam is sent cooling tower at the end.

Natural gas power plant is cleaner and more eco-friendly than other types power plant but it still has environmental aspects. At the power plant, the burning of natural gas produces nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide but in lower quantities than burning other fossil fuels. Methane, a primary component of natural gas and a greenhouse gas, can also be emitted into the air when natural gas is not burned completely. Not only air but also soil is affected by natural gas plant. Natural gas extraction can destroy structure of soil since pressurized water including chemicals is used for digging. To conclude, we can say that combined cycle natural gas power plant is the best type of power plant compare to others.

Figure3. Combined cycle natural gas power plant

2.2. Differences between before and after the Bilkent PP connection

Results Total Cases Genera/on (MW) Total Loads (MW) Total Swing Bus Voltage of the Voltage, Short Losses Ac/ve&Reac/v bus where Bilkent P&Q Circuit (MW) e is connected genera/on Level of Genera/on Write Name and s of Bilkent Bilkent kV PP Busses kV,MW Write MVAR Name kA,kA 506,43 39.9 MW 520111 N/A Bilkent 0.2 MVAR 400,398 N/A 520010 520111 404,666 11,97 520010 13,99 498,75 29 MW 520111 Bilkent Bilkent 0 MVAR 400,52 399,038 16,635 520010 705MW 520111 404,244 192,3 14,7629 MVAR 520010 16,6355

Before Bilkent

33683,6

33156

A?er Bilkent

34381

33861

Table3. Overall comparison table for before and after the Bilkent connection

2.2.1. Observations for Table3

The difference between before and after case at total loads is 705 MW and it means that Bilkent PP generates that amount of electricity and distribute it to existing system. When we look at the total losses columns, we see that amount of loss decreases it means that Bilkent PP increases the efficacy of Turkish system. By adding Bilkent PP, swing bus contribution for balancing system decreases. Swing bus provides extra required energy when Total Gen.<Total Load+ Total Losses. Bilkent PP is connected between bus 520111 and bus 520010. As it seen in short circuit current column adding a power plant increases short circuit currents on buses.

2.2.2. Diagrams, Power Flows and Voltage Rates for before and after Bilkent PP connection
Power flow results showing bus voltages, branch flows, transformer loading and branch-transformer flows can easily seen in diagrams on next couple of pages for both cases. Power flow results showing swing bus generation, total system loss, total system generation and total load can easily found in appendices given.

2.3. Short Circuit Analysis

2.3.1. Why do we need short circuit analysis
Short circuit analysis should be done in large size of electrical installations. Electrical installation need short circuit analysis against short circuits when electrical interruption occurs. Short circuit currents may cause critical problems in system and system designers must specify characteristics of elements according to current measurement to deal with problems. As a result, short circuit analysis is a chain of scenarios for developing protection system. There exist many types of short circuits such as threephase,phase-to-phase, phase-to-earth etc. However, In this project, three-phase short circuit analysis applied to the system one by one and short circuit current table is created as shown in below.

2.3.2. Three phase short circuit calculation by hand

U= Phase-to-phase voltage Sum R= Sum of series resistances Sum X= Sum of series reactances

2.3.3. Short Circuit Currents Tables

Bus Number 220010(380kV) 220110(380kV) 220121(154kV) 220122(154kV) 220210(380kV) Bus Name 4BURSADG 4BURSASAN BURSASAN_A BURSASAN_B 4TUNCBILEK Before Mag. 24,722 22,384 18,596 18,635 14,448 Before Ang. -81,19 -80,78 -80,45 -79,80 -83,36 AJer Mag. 24,766 22,442 18,603 18,642 14,614 AJer Ang. -81,02 -80,46 -80,18 -79,51 -82,46 Before MVA 16271 14733 4960 4970 9509 AJer MVA 16301 14771 4962 4972 9618

220221(154kV) 220510(380kV) 220521(154kV) 310010(380kV) 320310(380kV) 330310(380kV) 410110(380kV) 410410(380kV) 510011(380kV) 510110(380kV) 514310(380kV) 520010(380kV) 520011(380kV) 520021(154kV) 520110(380kV) 520111(380kV) 520121(154kV) 520141(33,6kV) 520142(33,6kV) 1(380kV)

TUTESSALT 4SEYITOMER SEYITOMER 4BALIKESR 4ISIKLAR 4YATAGAN 4GOKCEKAYA 4TEMELLI 4SEY_4AFY_RE 4VARSAK 4AKSA380 4AFYON2 AFY-TMLL_RKT AFYON_2 4DENIZLI 4DEN_AFY_RE DENIZLI_A DENIZLI_TR3 DENIZLI_TR4 BILKENT

17,108 17,982 10,217 12,312 19,151 16,994 15,950 24,295 12,220 11,141 10,267 13,994 13,994 17,771 11,979 11,979 15,521 13,822 13,737 N/A

-83,86 -84,19 -84,73 -79,52 -82,46 -84,7 -84,43 -81,04 -86,49 -88,43 -89,94 -86,53 -86,53 -87,85 -88,45 -88,45 -89,41 -95,30 -95,31 N/A

17,192 18,419 10,246 12,321 19,371 17,648 16,031 24,654 12,518 11,479 10,675 16,635 16,635 18,802 14,762 14,762 16,478 14,086 13,999 12,107

-82,74 -83,11 -83,59 -78,81 -80,75 -82,46 -84,34 -81,22 -85,14 -86,46 -87,68 -84,39 -84,39 -85,86 -85,16 -85,16 -86,65 -91,19 -91,21 -84,94

4563 11835 2725 8103 12605 11185 10498 15991 8043 7333 6757 9210 9210 4740 7884 7884 4140 804 799 N/A

4585 12123 2733 8109 12750 11615 10551 16227 8239 7555 7026 10949 10949 5015 9716 9716 4395 819 814 7968

Table4. Short circuit current comparison table for before and after Bilkent Connection

2.3.4. Comments For Short Circuit Current Table

First of all we have mention remark that short circuit analysis is made for one bus at a time.By doing so, we aim to get initial symmetrical short circuit current for a specific bus. As you seen from above table, connecting Bilkent PP to pre-existing Turkish system increases the magnitude of short circuit currents on each bus. Thevenin impedances and detailed bus contributions to short circuit current is given in appendices.

2.4. N-1 Contingency Analysis

2.4.1. Why do we need N-1 Contingency Analysis
Contingency analysis is a kind what if scenarios series that shows effects on an electrical installation when fault occurs. Contingency analysis is applied for components of electrical system such as failure in transmission line, failure in machine or transformer etc. By doing contingency analysis, we obtain overloading rates voltage violations of any element to keep system secure. N-1 Contingency is a special kind of contingency algorithm that consists of event sequences. In this algorithm, first failure is 9

analyzed and reported then algorithm readjusts the system and second failure is analyzed and reported. At the end of analysis PSS/E generates different cases results including base case solution. Detailed N-1 contingency analysis results is attached to appendices.

2.4.2. N-1 Contingency analysis flow exceeding table for Bilkent Bus
Branch Number Branch Name Ra/ng 315 315 315 315 315 180 180 180 250 250 250 150 253 118 118 250 250 250 125 310 Base Case1 Case Case3 Case4 Case Rate(%) Rate(%) Rate(%) Rate(%) Rates(%) 77,3 N/A N/A 75,8 75,3 77,3 78,5 78,5 75,8 75,3 77,3 78,5 78,5 75,8 75,3 80,5 80,5 80,5 80,5 80,5 75,5 80,8 86,5 83,2 84 79 79 86,8 75,1 82,6 82,6 79,3 75,7 80,2 92,1 85 75,5 80,8 86,4 83,1 83,8 79 79 86,6 N/A 85,1 85,1 79,3 75,7 80,1 92,1 83,9 75,5 80,8 86,4 83,1 83,8 79 79 86,6 N/A 85,1 85,1 79,3 75,7 80,1 92,1 83,9 75,5 79,8 85,5 82,2 83,7 79,1 79,1 86,5 76,2 82,5 82,5 79,1 75,5 80 92,1 85,9 75,5 81,1 86,7 83,4 84,3 78,9 78,9 87,1 76 82,7 82,7 79,6 75,9 80,4 92,1 88,3

1/101 BILKENT/BILKENT GT 1 1/102 BILKENT/BILKENT GT2 1/103 BILKENT/BILKENT BT 220010/220082 4BURSADG/ G-4BURSA_DG 220010/220083 4BURSADG/ G-4BURSA_DG 220510/220581 4SEYITOMER/ G-4SEYITOMER 220510/220582 4SEYITOMER/ G-4SEYITOMER 220510/220583 4SEYITOMER/ G-4SEYITOMER 320310/320321 4ISIKLAR/ISIKLAR_A 320310/320322 4ISIKLAR/ISIKLAR_B 320310/320322 4ISIKLAR/ISIKLAR_B 320310/3WNDT 4ISIKLAR/A- R ISIKLAR_A_WND 330310/330381 4YATAGAN/G-4YATAGAN 410110/410181 4GOKCEKAYA/ G-4G.KAYA 410110/410182 4GOKCEKAYA/ G-4G.KAYA 510110/510121 4VARSAK/VARSAK_A 510110/510121 4VARSAK/VARSAK_A 510110/510121 4VARSAK/VARSAK_A 510110/510144 4VARSAK/VARSAK_TRD 514310/514381 4AKSA380/G-AKSA380

Table5. Branch flow exceeding rates for each contingency case

2.4.2.1. Comment for Table5.

First of all we created .con, .mon and .sub files according to given conditions. In .con file, we added four cases. In .sub file, we created two subsystem, SUB1 and SUB2. Subsystem 1 involves all busses including generator busses. Subsystem 2 involves bus 520111 and bus 520010. In .mon file, we added monitoring directives for SUB1 , voltage violation and voltage deviation rates.

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Case1: Disconnect one of the Bilkent PP units / REMOVE MACHINE 1 FROM BUS 101 Case2: Disconnect one of the unit transformers / TRIP BRANCH FROM BUS 1 TO BUS 101 Case3: Disconnect first transmission line / TRIP BRANCH FROM BUS 1 TO BUS 520111 Case4: Disconnect second transmission line / TRIP BRANCH FROM BUS 1 TO BUS 520010 There are twenty branch in above table and each branch has voltage flow exceeding more than %75 of its rating. However, different contingency cases affect flow exceeding rates independently from each other. According to above table, contingency case1, case2 and case3 decrease flow rates while case4 increasing rates considering base case but this is not an exact situation for all times. Distance between branch and failure points may affect increasing and decreasing amounts. For example; branch from 220010 to 220082 is very distant from failure points so as we seen from Table5. any contingency case cannot affect flow rate on this branch.However, branch from 514310 to 514381 is very close to failure points so as we seen from Table5 every contingency case can affect flow rate on this branch very much. N-1 contingency analysis computer results attached to appendices. Important Note: According to computer results bus 514381 G-AKSA380 violates 10% voltage range for case3 and case4. Detailed information can be found in appendices.

2.4.3. N-1 Contingency analysis flow exceeding table for connection busses
Branch Number 520010/52 0021 520010/52 0021 520010/52 0021 Branch Name 4AFYON2/ AFYON_2-1 4AFYON2/ AFYON_2-2 4AFYON2/ AFYON_2-3 RaYng 250 150 250 ConYn. Single6 N/A %95,8 %90 ConYn. Single7 %75,8 N/A %77,7 ConYn. Single8 %88,8 %97 N/A ConYn. Single10 N/A %76 N/A

Table6. Branch flow exceeding rates for each contingency case

2.4.3.1. Comments for Table6.

First of all we created .con, .mon and .sub files according to given conditions. In .con file we added two single statements. We used same .sub file that created previously. In .mon file we added monitoring directives for SUB2, voltage violation and voltage deviation rates. SINGLE BRANCH IN SUBSYSTEM SUB2 SINGLE TIE FROM SUBSYSTEM SUB2 /SINGLE 1: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 520111

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/SINGLE 2: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 1 /SINGLE 3: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 220510 /SINGLE 4: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 510011 /SINGLE 5: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 520011 /SINGLE 6: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 520021-1 /SINGLE 7: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 520021-2 /SINGLE 8: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520010 TO BUS 520021-3 /SINGLE 9: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 52011 TO BUS 1 /SINGLE 10: OPEN LINE FROM BUS 520111 TO BUS 520110 As you have seen from table above, event number 6,7,8,10 causes flow exceeding over 75% on branch number 520010/520021. Distance factor of failure point causes deviations on flow exceeding.Detailed information can be found in appendices.

3. Cost
At this part we are going to calculate the cost of our power plant for to see if our plant is applicable or not. Due to the population electricity demand is increasing so cost becomes one of the most significant thing in an feasibility report. As we can observe from the chart below cost of power generation technologies consist of two main part power generation cost and capital investment cost.

Figure6. Categories of costs for power generating technologies

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3.1. Cost Items

License: Money that have to be paid to the government for getting permission for the plant structure. Land: Place that we are going to build the plant on which takes significant part of our capital investment. Capital Investment Cost: Price that we are paid before the project start. It contain license, land cost, construction cost, cost of machines , feasibility report. Operation and maintenance: Price that we pay for maintenance job and for operations . Price that we paid depend on how frequent our maintenance. Fuel Cost: Thus our plant is a natural gas combined cycle power plant it takes a significant part in paying prices. Variable fuel Costs: The auxiliary fuel cost.

3.2. Cost Definitions

Thermal Efficiency: It is the relation between heat production by fuel consumption and electrical energy generation and it is one of the most significant thing in our plant. If efficiency increase without any doubt cost will decrease. Forced Outage Rate(FOR): Due to the some kind of failures (mechanical , electrical , etc.) percentage of unable time to produce energy. Maintenance Out Rate(MOR): Due to the regular scheduled maintenance percentage of unable time to produce energy. Loss of load probability(LOLP): Time that system load is not correspond to the expected generation Constant Money Analysis: Analysis without inflation effect Discount rate: The rate of interest reflecting the time value of money that is used to convert benefits and costs occurring in different times to equivalent values at a common time. Present value (present worth): Present valuing is a mathematical process by which different monetary amounts can be moved either forward or backward from one or more points in time to a single point in time. Rate of return on investment: The interest rate at which the present worth of annual benefits equals the present worth of annual costs. Interest during construction (IDC): The accumulated money disbursed by a utility to pay off interest on the capital invested in the plant during construction. Heat Rate: Energy that is needed to generate 1 kW electric energy.

3.3. Cost Table For Bilkent Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant
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Minimum Load (MW): 360 Capacity (MW): 716 Heat Rate (kcal/kWh, average): 1566 Calorific Value of Fuel (kcal/ m3): 8347 Fuel Cost ($/1000 m3): 320,500 Forced Outage Rate (FOR): 10% Maintenance Days: 30 Maintenance Outage Rate (MOR): 0.82 % Fixed Operation & Maintenance Cost: 5.64 $/kW-year Variable Operation & Maintenance Cost: 0.0 Emission Factor NOX: 220.87 Capital Cost ($/ kWh): 750 Plant Life: 25 years Interest During Construction (IDC): 11.92% Construction Time: 3 years Discount Rate: 10%

3.4. Economical Evaluation

3.4.1. Generation Cost
Capacity Factor (CF in %) = (1-FOR)*(1-MOR) Forced Outage Rate (FOR): 10% Maintenance Outage Rate (MOR): 0.082% CF= 0.8260 Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) = i *(1+i) n / (1+i) n-1 i: 10% n plant life: 25 CRF = 11% Calorific Cost of Fuel ($/ 10 6 kcal ) = Fuel Cost / Calorific Value For fuel cost: 320($/1000 m3) = 320 ($/1000 m3) / 8347 (kcal/m3) =38.34 $/ 10 6 kcal For fuel cost: 500($/1000 m3) = 500 ($) / 8347*1000 = 0.059902 $/1000kcal =59.9902 $ / 10 6 kcal A) Fixed Investment Cost (cents/kWh) A= 100*[Capital Investment Cost ($/kW)]*CRF/ [Hours in a Year]* [CF (%)]

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Capital Investment Cost ($/kW)= Capital Cost ($/kW)= 750 CRF= 0.1102 Hours in a year= 365*24 = 8760 hours CF= 0.8260 A= (100* (750 $/kW) * 0.1102) / ((8760) * (0.8260)) = 1.1425 (cents / kWh) B) Fuel Cost (cents/kWh) B= 100*[Fuel Cost ($/kcal*10 6) ]* [Heat Rate (kcal/kWh)] Calorific Cost of Fuel (for fuel cost: 320) ($/ 10 6 kcal )= 38.34 $/ 10 6 kcal Calorific Cost of Fuel (for fuel cost: 500) ($/ 10 6 kcal )= 59.9902 $ / 10 6 kcal Heat Rate (kcal/kWh): 1566 (average) B= 100*(38.34/ 10 6)* (1566)= 6.004 (cents /kWh) for fuel cost is 320($/1000 m3) B= 100*(59.99 /10 6)* (1566)= 9.39 (cents /kWh) for fuel cost is 500($/1000 m3) C) Fixed O&M Cost (cents/kWh) C= 100*[Fixed O&M Cost ($/kW-year)]/ [Hours in a year]*[CF (%)] Fixed Operation & Maintenance Cost: 5.64 $/kW-year Hours in a year: 8760 CF=0.8260 C= 100*(5.64)/ (8760)*(0.8260) = 0.0779 (cents / kWh) D) Variable O&M Cost ($/MWh) D= Variable O&M Cost ($/MWh) Variable Operation & Maintenance Cost: 0.0 D= 0.0 ($/MWh) Total Generation Cost (cents/kWh) = A+B+C+D For fuel cost 320($/1000 m3): 1.142 (cents / kWh)+ 6.004 (cents /kWh)+ 0.0779 (cents / kWh) = 7.223 (cents/kWh) For fuel cost 500($/1000 m3): 1.142 (cents / kWh)+ 9.39 (cents /kWh)+ 0.0779 (cents / kWh) = 10,609(cents/kWh)

3.4.2. Transmission Cost

E) Fixed Investment Cost (cents/kWh) In depends on power plant capacity. Transmission Lines: 2*15km (3B Cardinal 954 MCM) = 30km*170 000 $/km = 5 100 000$

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Generator Unit Transformers: 3* 380/13.8 kV, 315 MVA: 3 500 000 $/ transformer = 10 500 000$ 380kV Feeders: 2 Transmission line feeders (2 main+1 transfer): 630 000 $/feeder 3 Transformer feeders (2 main+ 1 transfer): 588 000 $/feeder 1 Transfer feeder (2 main+ 1 transfer): 288 000 $/feeder 1 Coupling feeder (2 main+ 1 transfer): 385 000 $/feeder Total= 3 697 000$ Capital Investment cost: Total Cost / Capacity(kW) Capacity (MW): 716 Total Cost= 19 297 000$ Capital Investment cost: 19 297 000$/ 716 000 kW= 26.951 $/kW E= 100*[Capital Investment Cost ($/kW)]*CRF/ [Hours in a Year]* [CF (%)] E= 100*(26.951)*0.11/ (8760*0.8260) = 0.04055 (cents/kWh) F) Fixed O&M Cost (cents/kWh) F1= 100* ($/kW-year)/ [Hours in a year]*[CF (%)] = 100*(6,94 )/(365*24)*[0,8260] =0,0959 cent/kW-year F2= 100* ($/kW-year)/ [Hours in a year]*[CF (%)] = 100*(14,16 )/(365*24)*[0,8260] =0,1956 cent/kW-year F= F1+F2 = 0,2915cent/kW-year Total Transmission Cost= E+F (Cents/kWh) = 0,3351 G) Annual natural gas consumption of Bilkent PP will be calculated by using average heat rate. (Annual Generation * Average Heat Rate) / Cal. Value of Natural Gas (kWh/year) *(kcal/kWh) / (kcal/m3) Heat Rate (kcal/kWh): 1566 (average) Calorific Value of Fuel (kcal/ m3): 8347 Annual Generation= 716 000 kWh (Production per hour) * 8760 (hours in a year) * 0.8260 (CF) Annual Generation= 5180804160 Annual Gas Consumption.= (5180804160*1566)/(8347) = 971982666,1746 m3/year

3.4.3. Overall Cost and Analysis

Grant Total= A+B+C+D+E+F= 7,5155cent/kW-year (For 320$) Grant Total= A+B+C+D+E+F= 10,9495cent/kW-year (For 500$)

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Table7. Weighted average cost rates

According to the datas given above after some simple calculations average price of the total cost is 8,5$ and if we compare average price with our plant price we are seeing that our price is 8,5$-7,5155$= 0,9845 cent/ kW (For 320 $) 8,5$- 10,9495$=-2,4495$ Annual Generation (kW) * Net Profit (cent/ kW) =Annual Profit 716 000 Kwh * 8760 (hours in a year) = 5180804160 (Annual Generation ) 5180804160 * 0,9845 = 51,005,016.9552$ (Annual Profit) (For 320$) 5180804160 * -2,4492 = 126903797,8992$ (Annual Loss) (For 500$) As we have observed from the calculations done above if we can sell all our electricity some how we can obtain 51,005,016.9552$ (For 320$) and again if we can sell all we got we will lose 126903797,8992$ annually . 5,100,000$+10,500,000$+3,697,000$ = 19,297,000$ ( Capital Investment Cost ) (for all) 971982666,1746* 0,320= 311034453,175872 $ ( Fuel Investment ) (For 320 $) 971982666,1746* 0,500= 485991333,0873 $ ( Fuel Investment ) (For 500 $) 311034453,175872$+19,297,000$= 330331453,175872$ ( Total Investment ) (For 320 $) 485991333,0873 $+19,297,000$= 505288333,0873 $ (Total Investment ) (For 500 $) As we have found from the simple calculations above total investment is 330331453,175872$ and total profit is 51,005,016.9552$ and net profit percentage is % 15 it looks like a good deal. So it is feasible. (for 320$) As we have found from the simple calculations above total investment is 505288333,0873 $ and total loss is 126903797,8992$ so it is not feasible. (for 500$)

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4. Conclusion
In this project we were responsible to connect Bilkent PP to existing Turkish 400kV interconnected system. Before starting to technical analysis and test, we have made an overview about Turkish preexisting system and combined cycle natural gas power plants. We have started to technical implication after the overview. In this project we have connected 705 MW Bilkent PP which consists of three generators to Turkish system. 520111(4DEN_AFY_RE) and 520010(4AFYON2) busses are selected for connecting Bilkent PP. After connecting Bilkent PP, we have analyzed new system and compared it old system. Bus based reports, power flow reports and diagrams are commented in report and detailed results are attached to appendices. Swing bus generation rates and total generation and total loss result are documented in appendices. Besides these analysis, we have also made tests such as short circuit tests and contingency test to measure that whether the system is secure and reliable. All the contingency test are applied to system considering given parameters and limitation. At the end of the contingency test, we have seen that only two bus violates 10% voltage range parameters. Detailed results can be found in appendices. We also made detailed cost analysis for an real system installations. Various parameters are considered while evaluating new system financially such as fuel costs, plant life, maintenance costs , etc. At the end of cost analysis we have calculated the overall investment cost for the our system.

5. References
1) www.enerji.gov.tr 2) www.epdk.gov.tr/index.php/elektrik-piyasasi/tarifeler?id=71 3) http://www.enerji.gov.tr/yayinlar_raporlar/Sektor_Raporu_TKI_2010.pdf 4) http://www.westgov.org/wieb/electric/Transmission%20Protocol/SSG-WI/pnw_5pp_02.pdf 5) www.teias.gov.tr 6) Nur Yildirim, Guide for Power System Design Project, September 2010

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