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DESIGN OF SIEVE PLATE DISTILLATION COLUMNSTEP 1: Calculate the maximum and minimum vapour and liquid flow-rates, for the turn down ratio required.
Turn down ratio = Maximum flow rate / Minimum flow rate Assume efficiency of column, a) Calculate no. of real stages, N = (no. of given stages -1) / b) Assume 100 mm water pressure drop per plate. = *g*h c) Calculate column pressure drop on plate : N * pressure drop per plate d) Assume top pressure drop = 1 atm Therefore, Bottom pressure: total column pressure drop + top pressure drop

STEP 2: Calculation of system physical properties:

Temperature corresponding to pressure from steam table corresponding to temperature from steam table.

STEP 3: Calculation of column diameter, based on flooding considerations: Initial estimates

1. Select a trial plate spacing a) Overall height of the column depends on the plate spacing. b) Plate spacing (lt) from 0.15 m (6 in.) to 1 m (36 in.) are normally used. The spacing chosen will depend on the column diameter and operating conditions. c) For columns above 1 m diameter, plate spacings of 0.3 to 0.6 m will normally be used, and d) 0.5 m (18 in.) can be taken as an initial estimate. 2. Estimate the column diameter, based on flooding considerations a) The flooding condition fixes the upper limit of vapour velocity. b) A high vapour velocity is needed for high plate efficiencies, and the velocity will normally be between 70 to 90 % of that which would cause flooding. c) For design, a value of 80 to 85 % of the flooding velocity should be used.

Main calculation i) The liquid-vapour flow factor FLV in Figure 11.27 is given by:
Calculate FLV for both top and bottom sections:

Where

Lw = liquid mass flow-rate, kg/s, Vw = vapour mass flow-rate, kg/s. & the ratio Lw/ Vw is the slope of operating line.

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are densities of vapour and liquid respectively.

ii) Calculation of flooding velocity :

Flooding velocity can be estimated from the correlation:

Where, uf = flooding vapour velocity, m/s, based on the net column cross-sectional area, An K1 = a constant obtained from Figure 11.27. The following restrictions apply to the use of Figure 11.27: 1. Hole size less than 6.5 mm. Entrainment may be greater with larger hole sizes. 2. Weir height less than 15 per cent of the plate spacing. 3. Non-foaming systems. 4. Hole: active area ratio greater than 0.10; for other ratios apply the following corrections:

5. Liquid surface tension, = 0.02 N/m, for other surface tensions, multiply the value of K1 by [ / 0.02]0.2

K1 corrected = K1 *(

0.02

) 0.2

Corresponding to K1 corrected calculate UF for both top and bottom sections

iii) Calculation of uv taking 85% flooding for the design for top and bottom:
uv = uf x % flooding (0.85) Where, uv = actual flooding vapour velocity for both sections

iv) Calculation of maximum vapour volumetric flow rate:

VMAX, BOTTOM = (Vapor rate) bottom / ( (bottom)*3600) VMAX, TOP = (Vapor rate) top / ( (top)*3600) Where, VMAX, BOTTOM & VMAX, TOP = maximum vapor volumetric flow rate in bottom & top sections respectively

PED- III v) Calculation of net area: AN

AN, BOTTOM = VMAX, BOTTOM / Uv, BOTTOM AN, TOP = VMAX, TOP / Uv, TOP

vi) Calculation of column cross sectional area:

Assume downcomer area as 12% of total. Therefore, Actual area (bottom) = AN, BOTTOM/ 0.88 Actual area (top) = AN,TOP / 0.88

vii) Calculation of column diameter: DC

DBOTTOM=

DTOP =

()4

Take standard value of DC from the table

STEP 4: Decide the liquid flow arrangement:

The choice of plate type (reverse, single pass or multiple pass) will depend on the liquid flow-rate and column diameter. Maximum liquid volumetric flow rate : (L x MW) / ( 3600* ) Get the liquid flow arrangement from Fig 11.28

STEP 5: Make a trial plate layout: downcomer area, active area, hole area, hole size, weir height:
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Column area AC = ( /4) DC2 (m2) Down comer area = Ad = 12% of AC (m2) Net area available for liquid-vapor disengagement: An= AC Ad (m2) Active area, Aa = AC 2Ad (m2) Hole area : take 10% of Aa (m2) Weir length (from Figure 17.39) = 0.76 x DC (m) Weir height, hw (mm) Hole diameter, dh (mm) Plate thickness (mm)

STEP 6: Check weeping conditions:

Where,

lw=weir length, m how = weir crest, mm liquid Lw = liquid flow-rate, kg/s Calculation how for both top & bottom side.

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a) b) c) d) e) f) Maximum liquid rate. Minimum liquid rate, at 70%turndown = 0.7 maximum liquid rate Maximum how. Minimum how. At minimum rate, (hw + how), K2= From Figure 17.37, The minimum design vapor velocity is given by

Where, uh = minimum vapor velocity through the holes(based on the hole area), m/s dh = hole diameter, mm K2 = a constant, dependent on the depth of clear liquid on the plate, obtained from Figure 17.37. g) Actual minimum vapor velocity = (min. vapor rate / Ah) .where, min. vapor rate is equals to (turndown ratio x VMAX, BOTTOM )

STEP 7: Plate Pressure Drop.

i. Dry Plate Drop : The pressure drop through the dry plate can be estimated using expressions derived for flow through orifices:

Where, the orifice coefficient C0 is a function of the plate thickness, hole diameter, and the hole to perforated area ratio. ii. Residual Head: as a function of liquid surface tension, froth density, and froth height.

iii. Total plate pressure drop:

STEP 8: Downcomer Design [Backup]

The downcomer backup is given byWhere,

hb = downcomer backup, measured from plate surface, mm hdc = head loss in the downcomer, mm

Where,

Lwd = liquid flow rate in downcomer, kg/s Am = either the downcomer area Ad or the clearance area under the downcomer, Aap,
whichever is smaller, m2 The clearance area under the downcomer is given by-

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Where, hap is the height of the bottom edge of the apron above the plate. This height is normally set at 5 to 10 mm below the outlet weir height.

Allowing for the weir height:

Downcomer Residence Time

Where, tr = residence time, s [greater than 3 sec. is satisfactory] hbc = clear liquid back-up, m

STEP 9: Check Entrainment: