WK10TUTE2012 CLARIFICATIONDIRECTEDTO MGUMULYA(BENTLEY) NDarmawan(BENTLEY) TOPIC:Transientdiffusionandconvectivemasstransfer 1. Thesurfaceofamildsteelcomponentiscommonlyhardenedbypackingthecomponentina carbonaceousmaterialinahightemperaturefurnaceforapredeterminedtime.Considersuch acomponentwithauniforminitialcarbonconcentrationof0.15%bymass.Thecomponentis packedinacarbonaceousmaterialandisplacedinthefurnace.Thediffusioncoefficientof carboninsteelatthefurnacetemperatureisgiventobe4.8x1010m2/s,andtheequilibrium concentrationofcarbonintheironattheinterfaceisdeterminedfromtheequilibriumdatato be1.2%bymass.Determinehowlongthecomponentshouldbekeptinthefurnaceforthe massconcentrationofcarbon0.5mmbelowthesurfacetoreach1%. Alargesheetofmaterial40mmthickcontainsdissolvedhydrogenatauniformconcentration of3kmol/m3.

m3.Thesheetisexposedtoafluidstream,causingtheconcentrationofthedissolved hydrogentobereducedsuddenlytozeroatbothsurfaces.Thissurfaceconditionismaintained constantthereafter.Ifthemassdiffusivityofhydrogenis9x107m2/s,howmuchtimeis requiredtobringthedensityofdissolvedhydrogento1.2kg/m3atthecentreofthesheet? Inamanufacturingprocess,anorganicsolvent(methylethylketone,MEK)isusedtodissolvea thincoatingofpolymerfilmawayfromanonporousflatsurface(length20cm,width10cm, seefigurebelow).Thethicknessofthepolymerfilmisinitiallyuniformat0.2mm.Inthe process,MEKisaddedataflowrateof30cm3/stoanopenflatpanoflength30cmandwidth 10cm.ThedepthoftheliquidMEKinthepanismaintainedat2.0cm.Assumingthatthe concentrationofthedissolvedpolymerinthebulksolventisessentiallyzero(cA=0), determinetherateofremovalofpolymercoating.

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Data:diffusioncoefficientofdissolvedpolymerinMEK=3x106cm2/s;kinematicviscosity ofMEK=6x103cm2/s;densityofpolymermaterial(solid)=1.05g/cm3;densityofMEK= 0.8g/cm3;maximumsolubilityofpolymerinMEK=0.04g/cm3.

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Waterevaporatesfromawettedsurfaceofrectangularshape,withanairstream(1atm,35oC) blownoverthesurfaceatavelocityof15m/s.Heattransfermeasurementsindicatethatforair at1atmand35oC,theaverageheattransfercoefficientisgivenbythefollowingempirical relation:

0 h 21 V .6

where h istheaverageheattransfercoefficientinW/m2.Kand V istheairvelocityinm/s. Estimatethemasstransfercoefficientandtherateofevaporationofwaterfromthesurfaceif theareais1.5m2. Asolidsphereofbenzoicacid(density=1267kg/m3)withadiameterof12mmisdroppedinto alongcylindricaltankfilledwithpurewaterat25oCataterminalvelocityof0.3m/s.Ifthe heightofthetankis3m,determinetheamountofbenzoicaciddissolvedfromthesphere whenitreachesthebottomofthetank.Thesaturationsolubilityofbenzoicacidinwateris 3.412kg/m3. Hint:Youcanassumethatthediameterofthespheredoesnotchangeconsiderably,andhence theReynoldsnumberandterminalvelocityremainconstant.

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