Saline

4.5.
Saline Monitoring :
Fig 4.5.1: Saline monitoring circuit.
The circuit for saline monitoring is built using 555 timer as shown in Fig 4.5.1. A saline bottle is placed between an LED and LDR , between pins 1 and 2 of the 555 timer. Whenever there is full there is an open circuit between pins 1 and 2; and the light from the LED doesnot reach the LDR . When the saline falls below a particular level, the light from the LED reaches the LDR and the 555 timer is triggered, giving a high output. Thus causing the buzzer to go high.
4.6. Buzzer :
Fig 4.6.1: Buzzer circuit
The buzzer circuit diagram is as shown in Fig 4.6.1. One end of the buzzer is connected to two transistors connected as Darlington pair and the other end to 5V power supply. When a signal appears at the base of the darlington pair, the end of the buzzer connected to the two transistors gets grounded. Hence the buzzer goes high. http://www.scribd.com/doc/9680794/5/Saline-Status-Monitoring-Circuit
http://bipublication.com/files/IJPA-V3I12012-03.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/9680794/5/Saline-Status-Monitoring-Circuit
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Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai
PATIE NT MONI TORIN
G SYSTE M
USING PIC 16F877

Copyrights : Mahesh
Bharath , 2005
CON TEN TS
Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar
Polytechnic College, Chennai
CONTENTS
1. SYNOPSIS -2. BLOCK DIAGRAM -3. INTRODUCTIO N -4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM -5.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION -6. HARDWARE DETAILS -7. SOFTWARE DETAILS -8. CONCLUSION 9. FUTURE ENHANCEMEN TS -10. COST
ESTIMATE -11. BIBLIOGRAPH Y-
SYNOP SIS
SYNOPSIS
Our project is a working model which
incorporates sensors to measure parameters likebody temperature, heart beat rate, respiratory temperature and
ECG; and transfer it to thecomputer so that the patients health condition can be analyzed by doctors in any part of thehospital.
Thus, it reduces the doctors workload and also gives accurate results. Further thissystem uses WAP technology which enables
the viewing of all parameters on the mobilephone. A microcontroller board is used for analyzing the inputs from the patient and
anyabnormality felt by the patient causes the monitoring system to give an alarm. Also all theprocess parameters within an
interval selectable by the user are recorded online. This is veryuseful for future analysis and review of patients health condition.For
more versatile medical applications, this project can be improvised, byincorporating blood pressure monitoring systems, dental
sensors and annunciation systems,thereby making it useful in hospitals as a very efficient and dedicated patient care system.
BLOC K
DIAGR AM
BLOCK DIAGRA M
WAP CPU
SerialPortRS232 InterfaceMicroco
ntrollerBoardSig nalConditioning BoardBodyTemp eratureSensorRe spTemperatureS ensorSaline StatusSensorHea rt BeatSensorECG
SensorAttendanc eCard Reader

SPEAKER
AudioAlert
10
INTRO DUCTI ON
11
INTRODUCT ION
Measurement of Body
Temperature and Respiratory Temperature:
Thermistor is used for the measurement of body temperature and respiratorytempe
rature. This Thermistor is a passive transducer and its resistance depends on the heatbeing applied on it. We have arranged
the thermistor in the potential divider circuit. Thisthermistor exhibits a large change in resistance with a change in the body
temperature. Therespiratory temperature is determined by holding the thermistor near the nose. Initially thethermistor is calibrated to
normal body temperature. The thermistor part is attached to thepatient whose temperature has to be measured, which changes the resistance
value and thusthe corresponding change in the temperature is displayed on the monitor graphically . Also alltemperature
measurements are updated in the patients database. Here in our project we usebead thermistor.
Electro Cardiogram (ECG):
This is a four lead ECG monitoring system. Four sensors are kept at various parts
of the body ; the two arms and the two legs. All the signal outputs from the sensors areconditioned by an external circuit consisting of an
instrumentation amplifier and a trimpotand is given to the PC through a PIC controller. An interactive program in Visual Basic
isdeveloped to read the voltage signals and display a waveform pattern. The four leads used areof silver electrode.
Saline Monitoring System:
For saline monitoring the infrared emitter and detector are placed in a position suchthat
the saline bottle passes between them . They are placed near the neck of the saline bottle.
12As long as saline is present, the path of the infrared rays is blocked and the infrared detectoris blocked from
collecting infrared rays from the infrared emitter. And so the output willindicate normal saline status. The software is
written to give an audio alert when the salinelevel falls below the safe level.
Patient Calling System:
The patient calling system
consists of four switches which when pressed givesdisplay on the screen and activates an audio alert indicating that a patient is calling.
Theseswitches are placed in the vicinity of the patient to enable medical access in an emergency.
Heart Beat Monitor
:The patients heart beat rate is monitored using a photoelectric sensor which cansense the patients pulse rate . This method of
tracking the heart rate is more efficient than thetraditional method which derives the same from the ECG graph.
Attendance Card Reader:
In order to facilitate easy maintenance and verification of the patients medicalrecord due knowledge is
required regarding the staff interacting with the patient. This isachieved by using a punched identity card and its associated card
reader. The card readeruses photo-electric sensors to recognise 16 different medical ward members.
WAP and Audio Alert:
Whenever the temperature or the heart beat rate exceed the normal range of values;whenever the saline falls below the preset level and when
any patient presses the emergencycall switch , provision has been made for an audio alert and also short text messaging
theconcerned doctor through Wireless Application Protocol.

13
CIRCU IT DIAGR AM
14
15
16
17
CIRCU IT DESCR
IPTIO N
18
1. Power Supply Circuit
:
All the electronic components only work with a DC supply ranging from 12V to+12V. We are
using the commonly available energy source of 230v50Hz and steppingdown , rectifying, filtering and
regulating the voltage.

Step Down Transformer
:
When AC is applied to the primary winding of the power
transformer it can either bestepped down or up depending on the value of DC needed. In our circuit the transformer of 230v/12-0-12v is
used to perform the step down operation where a 230V AC appears as 12VAC across the secondary winding. The current rating of
the transformer used in our project is250mA.. Apart from stepping down AC voltages, it gives isolation between the power
sourceand power supply circuitries.

Rectifier Unit
:
In the power supply unit, rectification is normally
achieved using a solid state diode.Diode has the property that will let the electron flow easily in one direction at proper
biasingcondition. As AC is applied to the diode, electrons only flow when the anode and cathode isnegative. Reversing the
polarity of voltage will not permit electron flow.A commonly used circuit for supplying large amounts of DC power is the
bridgerectifier. A bridge rectifier of four diodes (4*IN4007) are used to achieve full waverectification . Two diodes will conduct during
the negative cycle and the other two willconduct during the positive half cycle. The DC voltage appearing across
the output terminalsof the bridge rectifier will be somewhat lass than 90% of the applied rms value. Normally one
19alteration of the input voltage will reverse the polarities. Opposite ends of
the transformerwill therefore always be 180 deg out of phase with each other.For a positive cycle, two diodes are connected to the
positive voltage at the topwinding and only one diode conducts. At the same time one of the other two diodes conductsfor the negative voltage
that is applied from the bottom winding due to the forward bias forthat diode. In this circuit due to positive half cycle D1 & D2 will conduct to
give 10.8vpulsating DC. The DC output has a ripple frequency of 100Hz. Since each altercationproduc es a resulting
output pulse, frequency = 2*50 Hz. The output obtained is not a pure DCand therefore filtration has to be done.
Filtering Unit
:
Filter circuits which usually capacitor is acting as a surge arrester always follow therectifier unit. This capacitor is
also called as a decoupling capacitor or a bypassing capacitor,is used not only to short the ripple with frequency of 100Hz to
ground but also to leave thefrequency of the DC to appear at the output. A load resistor R1 is connected so that areference to
the ground is maintained.1000 f/25v : for the reduction of ripples from the pulsating.10
f/63v : for maintaining the stability of the voltage at the load side.O.01 f : for bypassing the high
frequency disturbances.
Voltage Regulators
:
The primary purpose of a regulator is to aid the rectifier and
filter circuit in providinga constant DC voltage to the device. Power supplies without regulators have an inherentproblem
of changing DC voltage values due to variations in the load or due to fluctuations inthe AC liner voltage. With a regulator connected to the
DC output, the voltage can be

20maintained within a close tolerant region of
the desired output. IC7805 and IC7905 is used inthis project for providing +5v and 5v DC supply.
2. ECG Section:
The muscular contractions necessary to maintain the hearts pumping action areinitiated by depolarization and
repolarization of the SA node and then the depolarization andsubsequent repolarization of the AV node. This electrical activity of the
heart generatesexternal action potentials. Hence by measuring these potentials at the surface of the body theelectrical
activity of the heart can be alalyzed end the technique used for this is calledElectrocard io Graphy.This is achieved by applying
electrodes to certain positions on the body and record thepotentials generated between various combinations of these electrodes
with an amplifier andthe computer screen display. We have used 4 electrodes for the Left Arm, Left Leg, RightArm and Right Leg. Silver electrodes
are preferred as they do not irritate the body and alsothe contact impedance of Silver is Minimum.The output from the
ECG electrodes are fed to a signal conditioning circuit. Thiscircuit uses high gain amplifiers OP07 to achieve
required signed gain. The gain of amplifieris set to meet the minimum input signed requirement of the PLC microcontroller.
The OP07belongs to the family of differentiate amplifiers which can very efficiently reject theinterference of signals which
are of a non biological origin. The offset voltage is overcomeby using a 500K trim pot connected for
offset balancing of the OP07. The output fromeach of the four amplifiers are connected to the analog channel inputs ANOAN3 of the
21microcontrolle r. The controller is programmed to process the ECG signals
from a minimumof 3 electrodes.

3. Heart Beat Rate Sensor Cirtuit:
Monitoring the heart beat rate of the patient can be
easily accomplished by analyzingthe ECG pulse . Here, the ECG pulse is amplified and the average time interval or
theinstantaneous time interval between two successive R peaks is measured, from which theheart beat rate is derived. But this
method fails to indicate heart blocks immediately and sophoto electric pulse transducers are used.The pulse rate monitoring
method indicates a heart block immediately by sensing thecessation of blood circulation in the limb terminals. This technique uses
photoelectrictran sducers which are easy to apply then the 3 ECG electrodes. Also the output signalamplitude is large with better signal to
noise ratio.The finger probe used for pulse pick up consists of a Ga As infrared LED and asilicon NPN phototransistor mounted in an
enclosure that fits over the tip of the patientsfinger. The peak spectral emission of the LED is at 0.94 mm with a 0.707 peak
bandwidth of 0.04mm. The silicon phototransistor is sensitive to radiation between 0.4 and 1.1.mm. Dueto the narrow bond
of the spectrum involved the radiation heat output is minimized. Thephoto transistor is used as an emitter follower
configuration. The IR signal from the LED istransmitted through the finger tip of the patients finger and the conductivity of
thephototransisto r depends on the amount of radiation reaching it with each contraction of theheart, blood is forced to the extremities
and amount of blood in finger increases. This altersthe optical density and so the IR signal transmission through the finger reduces,
causing acorrespondence variation in phototransistor output. The phototransistor is connected as partof a voltage
divider circuit, with 10K and 22 K carbon resistors and produces a voltage
Electronics and Communication
EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai
22pulse that closely follows the heart beat rate. This pulse output is given to the bit 4 of thePort D of the
microcontroller for signal processing.
4. Saline Status Monitoring Circuit:

The Saline water injection plays a
key role in the treatment and recovery of many apatient that it requires constant monitoring. This condition can be easily fulfilled
by using IRsensors which can detect a drop in the saline below the quantity. By means of annunciationsyst ems, the hospital
staff can be informed and an action of replacing the saline can be easilyaccomplish ed before the bottle becomes empty. Also the
usage of WAP facilities sending of the saline status to the doctor concerned for any further action required.The circuit uses an IR
emitter and an IR detector which are placed in a straight linewith the saline bottle in between, at the point representing the preset saline
level. Thepresence of saline water, in a full bottle, refacts the emitted radiation, thus generating nooutput at the
IR detector. When the saline level falls below the preset value ; the emitted IRradiation causes an photoelectric current output
from the detector. The detector output is ananalog quantity which is made to drive a switching NPN transistor BC107 to get a
binaryoutput from the collector of the transistor. This digital output is fed to the pin 23 of the PICmicro controller, corresponding to
Port bit 4 . The signal is processed and the saline status isdisplayed on the screen. In case of the saline becoming empty the annunciation
systems areactivated.
5. Attendance Card Reader:

A patient's medical record is never complete without the data regarding the
doctorswho treated him/her. In our bid to automate the entire patient care system, this requirement is
23also accomplished by using an unique attendance card reader for the medical staff interactingwith the patient.This
device is placed along side the patient in his/her ward. It uses an IR emitterIRdetected circuit to read a medical attendants
punched card. The project uses a 4 hole cardwith four emitter detector pairs. Thus, a maximum 2
4
= 16 staff can be identified usingthis circuit. Each staff is allotted his punched card and the details of each of the 16 staff isuploaded
into the patients database. Thus, details regarding the date and time of a medicalattendant s visit, along with his identity is available for
any further reference.The circuit uses IR detectors which give analog outputs according to the card theyread. A set of NPN
switching transistors BC107 translate the analog output of thephotoelectric card reader in to binary digital signals. These
signals are connected to the bits0 to 3 of Port C (i.e. pin 15 to pin 18) of the PIC micro controller.
6. Patient Call Switches Circuit:

The patient calling system consists of four switches when pressed gives display onthe
screen and activates an audio alert indicating that a patient is calling. These switches areplaced in the vicinity of the patient to enable
medical access in an emergency.
7. Body Temperature Measurement Circuit:

The temperature measuring circuit uses a thermistor
each for the body temperatureand the respiratory temperature.A thermistor is a ceramic semiconductor which exhibits a large change in
resistancewith a change in its body temperature. The thermistors have much better sensitivity thanRTD's and are therefore
better suited for precision temperature measurements. Theavailability of high resistance values allows the thermistors to be
used with long extension

24leads since the lead resistance or contact
resistance effects can be greatly diminished. Thenon-linearity of the thermistor resistancetemperature characteristics outs a practical
limit onthe temperature span over which a thermistor can be operated in measurement or controlcircuit. RTD's have lower sensitivity
and are more linear and can therefore be used inapplications, where the temperature spans are very wide. Thermistors has
other importantadvanta ges over RTD's in that they are available in smaller sizes, with faster response times,at lower costs and
with greater resistance to shock and vibration effects.In this circuit we have arranged thermistor in the form of potential
divider when thermistor isR1 and a potentiometer is acting as a R2 which forms potential divider network and producesan
output from potential divider network which is given to analog input channel of themicrocontroll er.In general to obtain clear and constant o/p with
respect to the input change, the sensormust be low power consumer. If we draw a lowest current sensitivity the thermistor
willimprove and provides better performance. Due to the above grounds we have constructed thethermistor circuits to produce low
milli volts which can be easily digitized by the PIC. If notthe thermistor will to drive large o/p voltage may cause self heating of the
device. Self heating means large current flows through the thermistor create heat on it without acceptingthe
body temperature.
8. Respiratory Temperature Measurement Circuit
:The air is warmed during its passage
through the lungs and the expiratory tract andhence there is a detectable difference of temperature between the inhaled air and
exhaled air.This difference in the temperature of the exhaled air is the respiratory temperature and it canbe sensed by using a thermistor placed
in front of the nostrils by means of a suitably holding

25device. In case the different of temperature of outside air and that of exhaled air is small, thethermistor can be initially heated to an
appropriate temperature and the variation of itsresistance in synchronism with the respiration rate, as a result of the cooling effect of
the airstream can be detected.The thermistors with dissipations of about 5 mw to 25 m w are used. It is placed asput of a voltage
dividing circuit with a 330 resistance in series with the +5V supply. Theoutput from the voltage divider is given
as input to the analog channel of the microcontroller.

9. PIC Microcontroller Circuit:
The PIC 16F 877 microcontroller
used has a high performance RISC CPU. It is a 40pin DIP package with many efficient and application friendly features.We have
used a 10 MHz external crystal in crystal oscillator mode during two 22pf capacitors. The crystal output is given to pins 13 and 14 of the
DIP.The microcontroller operates over a voltage range from 2.0v to 5.5v. The +5V inputis given to pins 11 and 32 as the positive
supply for logic and I10pms, and pin 12, 31 areconnected to the ground reference of the +EV regulated power supply board.The PIC
16F877 has 8 analog channels and out of these analog channels AN0- AN3are used for input from the ECG signal conditioning
circuit, channels AN5 and AN6 are usedfor the temperature measurement circuits.The port pins RDO-RD3 are used by the patient call
switch circuit and the port pinsRCO-RC3 are used by the attendance card reader circuit.The output from the heart beat sensor
is given to bit 4 of port D and output from thesaline status monitoring circuit is given to bit 4 of Port C.
26Pin number 25 is used in USART asynctmonous transmit mode and is connected tothe pin 11 of the MAX232
driver.Pin 26 is used in USART asynchmonous receive mode and is connected to in 12 of MAX 232 IC.
10. MAX 232:
The MAX 232 power supply section has 2 charge pumps ,the first usesexternal capacitors C1 to double the
+5V input to +10V with input impedance of approximately 200
. The second charge pump uses external capacitor to invert+10V to 10V with an overall output
impedance of 45 .
The best circuit uses 22
F capacitors for C1 and C4 but the value is not critical.Normally these capacitors are low cost aluminium electrolyte capacitors or
tantalum ifsize iscritical. Increasing the value of C1 and C2 to 47 F will lower the output impedance of
+5Vto +10V doubler by about 5 and +10V to 10V inverter by about 10
. Increasing the valueof C3 and C4 lowers the ripple on the power supplies thereby lowering the 16KHz ripple onthe RS 232 output. The value
of C1 and C4 can be lowered to 1 F in systems where size iscritical at the expense of an additional 20
impedance +10V output and 40 additionalimpeda nce at 10V input.

Transmitter Section:
Each of the two transmitters is a CMOS inverter powered by + 10V internallygenerat ed supply. The input is TTL and CMOS
compatible with a logic threshold of about26% of V

cc
. The input if an unused transmitter section can be
left unconnected: an internal400K pull up resistor connected between the transistor input and V
cc
will pull the input highforming the unused transistor output low.
27The open circuit output voltage swing is guaranteed to meet the RS232 specification +5V output swing under the worst of both
transmitter driving the 3K . Minimum loadimpedance, the V

cc
input at 4.5V and maximum
allowable ambient temperature typicalvoltage with 5K and V

cc
= +9 V. The slew rate at output is limited to less than 30V/ s andthe powered done output impedance will
be a minimum of 300 with +2V applied to theoutput with V

cc
= 0V.The outputs are short circuit
protected and can be short circuited toground indefinitely.

Reciever Section:
The two receivers fully conform to RS
232 specifications. Their input impedance isbetween 3K either with or without 5V power applied
and their switching threshold is withinthe +3V of RS232 specification. To ensure compatibility with either
RS232 or TTL/CMOSinput . The MAX232 receivers have V

IL
of 0.8V and V
IH
of 2.4V the receivers have 0.5V of
hysterisis to improve noise rejection.The TTL/CMOS compatible output of receiver will below whenever the RS232 input
is greater than 2.4V. The receiver output will be high wheninput is floating or driven between +0.8V and 30V.
11. RS 232:
The most common communication interface for short distance is RS-232. RS232defines serial communication for one device to
one computer communication port, withspeeds upto 19,200 baud. Typically 7 or 8 bits (on/off) signal are transmitted to represent
acharacter or digit. 9 pin connector is used .

28
29
HARD WARE
DETAI LS
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing the INDFregister will cause indirect addressing. Indirect addressing ispossible by using the INDF register. Any instruction using the INDFregister actually
accesses the register pointed to by the File SelectRegister, FSR. Reading the INDF register itself, indirectly (FSR =0) will read 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in ano operation (although status bits may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is
obtained by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register andthe IRP bit (STATUS<7>),as shown in figure 2.6.
37
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION

The Analog-toDigital (A/D) Converter module has fiveinputs for the 28-pin devices and eight for the otherdevices.The analog input charges
a sample and hold capacitor.The output of the sample and hold capacitor is the inputinto the converter. The converter then generates a digitalresult of this analog level via successive approximation.The
A/D conversion of the analog input signalresults in a corresponding 10-bit digital number. TheA/D module has high and low voltage reference inputthat is software selectable to some combination of V
DD
,V
SS
, RA2, or RA3.The A/D converter has a unique feature of beingable to operate while the device is in SLEEPmode. To operate in SLEEP, the A/D clock mustbe derived from theA/Ds internal RC
oscillator.The A/D module has four registers. Theseregistersare: A/D Result High Register (ADRESH) A/D Result Low Register (ADRESL) A/D Control Register0 (ADCON0) A/D Control Register1
(ADCON1)The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 11-1,controlsthe operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1register, configures the functions of the port pins.The port pins can be configured as analog inputs(RA3
can also be the voltage reference), or asdigital I/O. Additional information on using the A/Dmodule can be found in the PICmicro MidRange MCU Family reference Manual (DS33023).
11.4.1 A/D RESULT REGISTERSThe ADRESH:ADRES L register pair is the locationwhere the 10-bit A/D result is loaded at the completionof the A/D conversion. This
register pair is 16bits wide.The A/D module gives the flexibility to left or right justify
38
the 10-bit result in the 16-bit result register. The A/DFormat Select bit (ADFM) controls this justification.Figure 11-4 shows the operation of the A/D result justification.The
extra bits are loaded with 0s. When anA/D result will not overwrite these locations (A/D disable),these registers may be used as two general
purpose 8-bit registers
.
When setting up an Asynchronous Transmission,follow these steps:1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriatebaud rate. If a high speed baud rate is
desired,set bit BRGH (Section 10.1).5. Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN,which will also set bit TXIF.2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearingbit SYNC and setting bit SPEN.6. If 9-bit
transmission is selected, the ninth bitshould be loaded in bit TX9D.3. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bitTXIE.7. Load data to the TXREG register (startstransmission). 4. If 9-bit transmission is
desired, then set transmitbit TX9.8. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE(bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.
39
When setting up an Asynchronous Reception, followthese steps:1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriatebaud rate. If a high speed baud rate is desired,set bit BRGH (Section
10.1).6. Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is completeand an interrupt will be generated if enablebit RCIE is set.2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearingbit SYNC and setting bit SPEN.7. Read the
RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (ifenabled) and determine if any error occurredduring reception.3. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bitRCIE.8. Read the 8-bit received data by reading theRCREG
register.4. If 9-bit reception is desired, then set bit RX9.9. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearingenable bit CREN.5. Enable the reception by setting bit CREN.10. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE(bits 7 and 6) of
the INTCON register are set

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
SOFT WARE DETAI LS
49
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM PIC16F877
list p=16f877 ; list directive to define processor#include <p16f877.inc> ; processor specific variable definitionsRrdy_Flag EQU 0x20Sync_Flag EQU 0X21Count EQU 0X22Temp EQU 0X23H_Byte EQU 0X24L_Byte EQU 0X25R0 EQU 0X26 ; RAM AssignmentsR1 EQU 0X27R2 EQU
0X28H_Temp EQU 0X29 ; temporary registerL_Temp EQU 0X2A ; temporary registerByte0 EQU 0X2bByte1 EQU 0X2cByte2 EQU 0X2dByte3 EQU 0X2eRbuf0 EQU 0X31 ;0X21 TO 0X28Rbuf1 EQU 0X31Rbuf2 EQU 0X32Rbuf3 EQU 0X33Rbuf4 EQU 0X34Rbuf5 EQU
0X35Rbuf6 EQU 0X36Rbuf7 EQU 0X37Rbuf8 EQU 0X38Rbuf9 EQU 0X39;**************** ********************* ********************* **; Reset and Interrupt Vectorsorg 00000h ; Reset Vectorgoto Startorg 00004h ; Interrupt vector;*************** ********************* *********************
***; Interrupt Service RoutineIntVector; save context (WREG and STATUS registers) if needed.banksel PIR1btfss PIR1,RCIF ; Did USART cause interrupt?goto ISREndbcf PIR1,RCIFmoviw 06h ; mask unwanted bits
50
andwf RCSTA,w ; check for errorbtfss STATUS,z ; was error status but set?Goto RcvError ; found error flag itReceive_Intbtfss Sync_Flag,0goto Syn_Rxmovlw ']'Subwf RCREG,Wbtfss STATUS,Zgoto
Rxcharbsf Rrdy_Flag,0bcf Sync_Flag,0goto ISREndRxcharbtfss RCREG,6goto Numeralsmovlw 0X0Fandwf RCREG,Waddlw 0X09Rxpromovwf INDFincf FSR,Fgoto ISREndNumeralsmovlw 0X0Fandwf RCREG,Wgoto RxproSyn_Rxmovlw '['subwf RCREG,Wbtfss
STATUS,Zgoto ISREndbsf Sync_Flag,0goto ISREnd ; go to end of ISR, restore context, returnRcvErrorbcf RCSTA,CREN ; Clear receiver statusbsf RCSTA,CRENISREnd; Restore context if needed.retfie;********** ********************* ********************* ********; Program
begins hereorg 00200h ; Beginning of program EPROMStartbanksel TRISAmovlw 0xffmovwf TRISAmovlw 0xffmovwf TRISB
51
movlw 0xbfmovwf TRISCmovlw 0xffclrf TRISDmovlw 0x40 ; 9600 baud @10MHzbanksel SPBRGmovwf SPBRGbanksel PIR1bcf PIR1,RCIF ; Clear RCIF Interrupt Flagbanksel PIE1bsf PIE1,RCIE ; Set RCIE Interrupt Enablebanksel ADCON0movlw 0x81movwf ADCON0banksel
ADCON1movlw 0x80movwf ADCON1banksel INTCONbsf INTCON,PEIE ; Enable peripheral interruptsbsf INTCON,GIE ; Enable global interruptsbcf STATUS,RP0bcf STATUS,RP1movlw 0x20movwf FSRclrf INDFClearNextincf FSR,Fclrf INDFmovf FSR,Wxorlw 0x39btfss
STATUS,Zgoto ClearNext;************ ********************* ********************* ******; Main loopWaitbtfss Rrdy_Flag,0 ;sgoto Waitclrf Rrdy_Flagmovf Rbuf0,Wxorlw 0X01 ;btfss STATUS,Z ; sgoto ChkNext1swapf Rbuf1,F ;movf Rbuf2,Wiorwf Rbuf1,W
52
andiw 0x10ioriw oxefbsf STATUS,RP0 ;movwf TRISA ;SET DATA DIRECTION FOR PORT Abcf STATUS,RP0 ;swapf Rbuf3,F ;movf Rbuf4,W ;iorwf Rbuf3,W
;WREG = RXBUF3 || RXBUF4bsf STATUS,RP0 ;movwf TRISB ;SET DATA DIRECTION FOR PORT Bbcf STATUS,RP0 ;swapf Rbuf5,F ;mov Rbuf6,wiorwf Rbuf5,W ;WREG = RXBUF5 || RXBUF6andiw 0Xbfioriw 0x80bsf STATUS,RP0 ;movwf TRISC ;SET DATA DIRECTION FOR PORT Cbcf
STATUS,RP0 ;swapf Rbuf7,F ;movf Rbuf8,W ;iorwf Rbuf7,W ;WREG = RXBUF7 || RXBUF8bsf STATUS,RP0 ;movwf TRISD ;SET DATA DIRECTION FOR PORT Abcf STATUS,RP0 ;SELECT BANK 0goto Wait ;ChkNext1movf Rbuf0,Wxorlw 0X02 ;btfss STATUS,Z ; sgoto ChkNext2Wt0btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto
Wt0movlw '{'movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt1btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto Wt1swapf PORTA,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall Delay
53
Wt2btfss PIR1,TXIF;sgoto Wt2movf PortA,wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf
PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt3btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto Wt3swapf PORTB,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt4btfss PIR1,TXIF;sgoto
Wt4movf PORTB,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt5btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto Wt5swapf PORTC,Wandiw 0X0Fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call
HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2
54
movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt6btfss PIR1,TXIF;sgoto Wt6movf
PORTC,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt7btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto Wt7swapf PORTD,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf
PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt8btfss PIR1,TXIF;sgoto Wt8movf PORTD,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayWt9btfss
PIR1,TXIFgoto wt9movlw '}'movwf TXREG
55
call Delaycall Delaygoto WaitChkNext2movf Rbuf0,Wxorlw 0X03 ;btfss STATUS,Z ; sgoto
ChkNext3swapf Rbuf1,F ;movf Rbuf2,Wiorwf Rbuf1,Wmovwf PORTAswapf Rbuf3,F ;movf Rbuf4,W ;iorwf Rbuf3,W ;WREG = RXBUF3 || RXBUF4movwf PORTBswapf Rbuf5,F ;movf Rbuf6,W ;iorwf Rbuf5,W ;WREG = RXBUF5 || RXBUF6movwf PORTCswapf Rbuf7,F
;movf Rbuf8,W ;iorwf Rbuf7,W ;WREG = RXBUF7 || RXBUF8movwf PORTDgoto Wait ;ChkNext3movf Rbuf0,Wxorlw 0X04 ;btfss STATUS,Z ; sgoto Waitrlf Rbuf1,Frlf Rbuf1,Frlf Rbuf1,Fmovf Rbuf1,Wandlw B'00111000'iorlw 0x81movwf ADCON0call Delay ; Acq
Time Delaybsf ADCON0,GO ;START CONVERSIONWfEocbtf sc ADCON0,GO ;DONEgoto WfEocmovf ADRESH,W ;movwf H_Byte ;bsf STATUS,RP0movf ADRESL,W ;
56
bcf STATUS,RP0movwf L_Byte ; H_BYTE:L_BYTE = ADRESH:ADRESLAWt0 btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto AWt0movlw '{'movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayAWt1btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto AWt1swapf
H_Byte,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayAWt2btfss PIR1,TXIF;sgoto AWt2movf H_Byte,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf
PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayAWt3btfss PIR1,TXIF ;sgoto AWt3swapf L_Byte,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall
DelayAWt4btfss PIR1,TXIF;s
57
goto AWt4movf L_Byte,Wandlw 0x0fbsf PCLATH,1bsf PCLATH,2call HexTablebcf
PCLATH,1bcf PCLATH,2movwf TXREGcall Delaycall DelayAWt5btfss PIR1,TXIFgoto AWt5movlw '}'movwf TXREGcall Delaycall Delaygoto WaitDelaymovlw 0xffmovwf CountDwaitdecfsz Count,Fgoto Dwaitreturnorg 0x600HexTableaddwf
PCL,fretlw 0x30retlw 0x31retlw 0x32retlw 0x33retlw 0x34retlw 0x35retlw 0x36retlw 0x37retlw 0x38retlw 0x39retlw 0x41retlw 0x42retlw 0x43retlw 0x44retlw 0x45retlw 0x46end
58
USER END SOFTWARE IN VISUAL BASICFlow Chart:
STARTVariable DeclarationPort OpenReadAttend enceValuesNo.of Entries1234soon

Read Value fromBody&resp.tem p,ECG&heartbeatse nsors,U.En
Display all valuesin text boxDisplay all graphsSend SMS tomobileRead analogDigital I/P
59
PROGRAM:F orm4.frm
Private Sub BTemptimer_Ti mer()MSComm1 .Output =
"[45]"Sleep (20)Rtext = MSComm1.Input Rtext = Mid$(Rtext, 2, 4)Pt2 = T2T2 = Val("&h" & Rtext)T2 = T2 / 5T2 = -
T2+195T2=Roun d(T2,1)If T2 < 77 Then T2 = Pt2End If Text7.text =T2Label4.Capti on = "BodyTemp Vs Time"DrawWidt
h = 2Line (536, 184)-(536, 384), vbYellowLine (536, 384)-(744, 384), vbYellowLine (528, 192)-(536, 184), vbYellowLine
(544, 192)-(536, 184), vbYellowLine (736, 376)-(744, 384), vbYellowLine (736, 392)-(744, 384), vbYellowDraw
Width = 2Line (oldx, oldy)-(536 + k, 384 - (T2 / (200 / 200#))), vbGreenDrawWi dth = 1oldx = 536 + k oldy = 384 - (T2 / (200 / 200#))k = k + 3If
k > 208 ThenLine (528, 182)-(744, 384), Form4.BackColo r, BFoldx = 536#oldy = 384#k = 0End If End Sub'Private Sub
btimer_Timer()'b timer.Enabled = False'out = out And &HCF

60'End SubPrivate Sub Command1_Clic k()MSComm1.O utput = "[3ffffbfff]"Sleep (50)EndEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Clic
k()Form4.HideF orm3.ShowEnd SubPrivate Sub Ecg1Timer_Tim er()MSComm1. Output = "[40]"Sleep (50)Rtext = MSComm1.Input
Rtext = Mid$(Rtext, 2, 4)Ecg1 = Val("&h" & Rtext)Ecg1 = Round(Ecg1, 1)Text9.Text = Ecg1End SubPrivate Sub
Form_Load()For i = 1 To 100Egra1(i) = 50Nextptr = 19MSComm1.Po rtOpen = TrueMSComm1. Output = "[1ffffbfff]"Sleep
(30)MSComm1. Output = "[3ffffbfff]"Sarr( 1) = 0Sarr(2) = 0Sarr(3) = 0Sarr(4) = 0Sarr(5) = 0Sarr(6) = 0Fnames(1) =
"D:\PanimalarC BSS\hitemp.wav "Fnames(2) = "D:\PanimalarC BSS\Patient1.wa v" 'p1 callFnames(3) = "D:\PanimalarC BSS\Patient2.wa
v" 'p2 callFnames(4) = "D:\PanimalarC BSS\Patient3.wa v " 'p3 callFnames(5) = "D:\PanimalarC BSS\Patient4.wa v" 'p4
callFnames(6) = "D:\PanimalarC BSS\Saline1.wav " 'p4 callFcnt = 0Label5.Caption = Format(Date, "dd/mm/yyyy)

61Set db = OpenDatabase(" D:\PanimalarCB SS\hos12.mdb") Set rs = db.OpenRecords et("patient")Set Srs =
db.OpenRecords et("Digital")Set Drs = db.OpenRecords et("Doc")Pa = &H0Sal = &H0oldx = 536#oldy = 384#k =
0x=0a(0) = 5 a(1) = 5 a(2) = 5 a(3) = 6 a(4) = 5 a(5) = 5 a(6) = 5 a(7) = 5 a(8) = 3a(9) = 10 a(10) = 1 a(11) = 5 a(12) = 5 a(13) = 5 a(14) = 7 a(15) = 5
a(16) = 6a(17) = 5 a(18) = 5 a(19) = 5Lg = Shell("C:\Progra m Files\Microsoft Office\Office\out look.exe", vbNormalFocus)
End SubPrivate Sub Heartbeattimer_ Timer()MSCom m1.Output = "[2]"Sleep (20)Rtext = MSComm1.Input Rtext =
Mid$(Rtext, 8, 1)Beat = Val("&h" & Rtext)If Beat = 0 And Bflg = 0 ThenBcnt = Bcnt + 1Bflg = 1ElseIf Beat > 0 And Bflg = 1
ThenBflg = 0End If Text1.Text = Round(Bcnt, 0)End SubPrivate Sub Hrtcmd_Click()h cnt = 0Bcnt = 0End SubPrivate Sub
MMControl1_D one(NotifyCode As Integer)MMCont rol1.Command = "Close"Timer2.E nabled = TrueEnd SubPrivate Sub
Option1_Click() Rtemptimer.Ena bled = FalseBTemptime r.Enabled = FalseEcg1Timer. Enabled = FalseHeartbeatti
mer.Enabled = False
62Rtemptimer.E nabled = TruePicture1.Cls
Text1.Text = ClearText5.Text = ClearText7.Text = ClearText9.Text = Cleargrval = 0End SubPrivate Sub
Option2_Click() Rtemptimer.Ena bled = FalseBTemptime r.Enabled = FalseEcg1Timer. Enabled = FalseHeartbeatti mer.Enabled =
FalseBTemptime r.Enabled = TruePicture1.Cls Text1.Text = ClearText5.Text = ClearText7.Text = ClearText9.Text
= Cleargrval = 1End SubPrivate Sub Option3_Click() Rtemptimer.Ena bled = FalseBTemptime r.Enabled = FalseEcg1Timer.
Enabled = FalseHeartbeatti mer.Enabled = FalseEcg1Timer. Enabled = TruePicture1.Cls Text1.Text = ClearText5.Text =
ClearText7.Text = ClearText9.Text = ClearEnd SubPrivate Sub Option7_Click() Rtemptimer.Ena bled = FalseBTemptime
r.Enabled = FalseEcg1Timer. Enabled = FalseHeartbeatti mer.Enabled = FalseHeartbeatti mer.Enabled = TruePicture1.Cls Text1.Text =
ClearText5.Text = ClearText7.Text = ClearText9.Text = Clear

63grval = 2End SubPrivate Sub Rtemptimer_Tim er()MSComm1. Output = "[46]"Sleep (20)Rtext = MSComm1.Input
Rtext = Mid$(Rtext, 2, 4)Pt1 = T1T1 = Val("&h" & Rtext)T1 = T1 / 5T1 = T1+195T1 = Round(T1, 1)If T1 < 77 Then T1
= Pt1EndIf Text5.Text = T1Label4.Captio n = "RespTemp Vs Time"DrawWidt h = 2Line (536, 184)-(536, 384), vbYellowLine
(536, 384)-(744, 384), vbYellowLine (528, 192)-(536, 184), vbYellowLine (544, 192)-(536, 184), vbYellowLine
(736, 376)-(745, 385), vbYellowLine (736, 392)-(744, 384), vbYellowDraw Width = 2Line (oldx, oldy)-(536 + k, 384 - (T1 /
(200 / 200#))), vbGreenDrawWi dth = 1oldx = 536 + k oldy = 384 - (T1 / (200 / 200#))k = k + 3If k > 208 ThenLine (528, 182)-(744, 384),
Form4.BackColo r, BFoldx = 536#oldy = 384#k = 0End If End SubPrivate Sub Timer1_Timer() Label6.Caption = Format(Time,
"hh:mm:ss")If Heartbeattimer.E nabled = True ThenText2.Visib le = TrueHrtcmd.Visi ble = TrueElse

64Text2.Visible = FalseHrtcmd.Vis ible = FalseEnd If If (Ecg1 > 100) And Strt = 0 ThenStrt = 1End If
MSComm1.Outp ut = "[2]"Sleep (20)Rtext = MSComm1.Input Pa = Val("&h" & Mid$(Rtext, 8, 2))If ((Pa And &H1) = &H0) ThenLabel23.Vis
ible = Truep1 = "Yes"Sarr(2) = 1If pflg1 = 0 Thenpflg1 = 1Set objOutlookMsg = objOutlook.Creat eItem(olMailIte m)With
objOutlookMsg. To = "9884169070@s ms.sancharnet.in " ' The To Address Field.Subject = "P1 Call" ' txtSubject - The
Subject Field.Body = "Patient 1 is calling".Importan ce = olImportanceHig h ' Priority. Mostly Not Required.Send '
Send the Composed MessageEnd WithSet objOutlookMsg = NothingElseLabe l23.Visible = Falsep1 =
"No"Sarr(2) = 0End If If ((Pa And &H2) = &H0) ThenLabel24.Vis ible = Truep2 = "Yes"Sarr(3) = 1ElseLabel24.Vi sible = Falsep2 =
"No"End If If ((Pa And &H4) = &H0) ThenLabel25.Vis ible = Truep3 = "Yes"Sarr(4) = 1

65ElseLabel25.V isible = Falsep3 = "No"End If If ((Pa And &H8) = &H0) ThenLabel26.Vis ible = Truep4 = "Yes"Sarr(5) =
1ElseLabel26.Vi sible = Falsep4 = "No"End If MSComm1.Outp ut = "[2]"Sleep (20)Rtext = MSComm1.Input pb = Val("&h" & Mid$(Rtext, 6,
2))If ((pb And &H10) = &H10) ThenLabel8.Visi ble = FalseSaline.Visib le = TrueSal = Empty Sarr(6) = 1Set objOutlookMsg
= objOutlook.Creat eItem(olMailIte m)With objOutlookMsg. To = "9884169070@s ms.sancharnet.in " ' The To
Address Field.Subject = "saline Emp" ' txtSubject - The Subject Field.Body = "Saline bottle Empty".Importan ce =
olImportanceHig h ' Priority. Mostly Not Required.Send ' Send the Composed MessageEnd WithSet objOutlookMsg
= NothingEnd If ElseSaline.Visibl e= FalseLabel8.Visi ble = TrueSal =Not EmptyEnd If If (T1 > 100) Or (T2 > 100)
ThenLabel22.Vis ible = TrueElseLabel22 .Visible = FalseEnd If

66MSComm1.O utput = "[2]"Sleep (50)Rtext = MSComm1.Input pc = Val("&h" & Mid$(Rtext, 6, 2))pc = pc And &HFSelect Case
(pc And &HF)Case &HEAtttxt(0) = "Rahul"Atttxt(1) = "Doctor"Atttxt(2 )= DateImage1.Pict ure =
LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr1.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) =
Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &HDAtttxt(0) = "Anita"Atttxt(1)
= "Nurse"Atttxt(2) = DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr2.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3)
= TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) =
Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &HCAtttxt(0) = "Naresh"Atttxt(1 )= "Compounder"At ttxt(2) = DateImage1.Pict
ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr3.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)
67Drs.Fields(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel
ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &HBAtttxt(0) = "Bhuvan"Atttxt( 1) = "Doctor"Atttxt(2 )=
DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr4.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) =
Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case
&HAAtttxt(0) = "Raghu"Atttxt(1) = "Doctor"Atttxt(2 )= DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\
dr1.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) =
Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &H9Atttxt(0) = "Kamala"Atttxt( 1) = "Doctor"Atttxt(2
)= DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr2.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe
wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)

68Drs.Fields(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &H8Atttxt(0) = "Soman"Atttxt(1 )= "Doctor"Atttxt(2
)= DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr3.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe
wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End
If Case &H7Atttxt(0) = "Binu"Atttxt(1) = "Doctor"Atttxt(2 )= DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\
PanimalarCBSS\ dr4.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel
ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &H6Atttxt(0) = "Algates"Atttxt(1 )=
"Doctor"Atttxt(2 )= DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr1.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) =
TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) =
Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd ate
69vvv2 = 1End If Case &H5Atttxt(0) =
"Jagadeesh"Atttx t(1) = "Doctor"Atttxt(2 )= DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr2.gif")If vvv2
= 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel
ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &H4Atttxt(0) = "Mohan"Atttxt(1 )= "Wardboy"Atttxt (2) =
DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr3.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) =
Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case
&H3Atttxt(0) = "Naga"Atttxt(1) = "Anaesthesian"A tttxt(2) = DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\
dr4.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel ds(2) =
Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If

70Case &H2Atttxt(0) = "Desai"Atttxt(1) = "Nurse"Atttxt(2) = DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\
PanimalarCBSS\ dr1.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = TimeDrs.AddNe wDrs.Fields(0) = Atttxt(0)Drs.Fiel ds(1) = Atttxt(1)Drs.Fiel
ds(2) = Atttxt(2)Drs.Fiel ds(3) = Atttxt(3)Drs.Upd atevvv2 = 1End If Case &H1Atttxt(0) = "Mukharjee"Attt xt(1) =
"Doctor"Atttxt(2 )= DateImage1.Pict ure = LoadPicture("D:\ PanimalarCBSS\ dr2.gif")If vvv2 = 0 ThenAtttxt(3) = Timevvv2 =
1End If Case &HFAtttxt(0) = ""Atttxt(1) = ""Atttxt(2) = ""vvv2 = 0Atttxt(3) = ""Image1.Picture = LoadPicture("")E
nd SelectX = X + 1If X >= 30 Thenrs.AddNewr s(0) = Format(Date, "dd/mm/yyyy")rs (1) = Format(Time, "hh:mm:ss")rs(2)
= T1 rs(3) = T2 rs(4) = Ecg1rs.UpdateSr s.AddNewSrs(0) = Format(Date, "dd/mm/yyyy")S rs(1) = Time Srs(2) = p1 Srs(3) = p2
Srs(4) = p3 Srs(5) = p4S rs(6) =SalSrs.UpdateX = 0End If

71End SubPrivate Sub Timer2_Timer() Fcnt = Fcnt + 1If Fcnt > 6 ThenFcnt = 1End If If (Sarr(Fcnt) = 1) ThenMMControl
1.FileName = Fnames(Fcnt)M MControl1.Com mand = "Open"MMContr ol1.Command = "Play"Sarr(Fcnt) = 0Timer2.Enabled
= FalseEnd If End SubPrivate Sub Timer3_Timer()I f Ecg1Timer.Enab led = True ThenIf Strt = 1 And ptr > 0
ThenEgra1(1) = 50 - ((a(ptr) * 10) / (200# / 50#))ptr = ptr 1ElseEgra1(1) = 50 - (Ecg1 / (200# / 50#))ptr = 19Strt = 0End If For i = 100 To
2 Step -1Egra1(i) = Egra1(i 1)NextPicture1.C lsvvv = 1For i = 1 To 99Picture1.Line (vvv, Egra1(i))(vvv + 2, Egra1(i + 1)),
vbYellowvvv = vvv + 2NextEndIf End SubPrivate Sub Timer4_Timer()

72If Heartbeattimer.E nabled = True Thenhcnt = hcnt + 1Text2.Text = hcntIf hcnt >= 60 ThenText3.Text = BcntIf (Bcnt < 72 Or Bcnt > 84)
ThenLabel9.Capt ion = "Heart Beat Abnormal"btime r.Enabled = TrueElseLabel9. Caption = "Heart Beat Normal"End If
hcnt = 0Bcnt = 0End If If hcnt < 3 ThenLabel9.Visi ble = TrueElseLabel9. Visible = FalseEnd If End If End Sub
73
Form3.frm Private Sub Command1_C lick()
Form3.HideForm 5.ShowForm5.D ata1.RecordSour ce=DocForm5. Data1.Refresh Form5.DBGrid1. ClearFieldsForm 5.DBGrid1.ReBi ndEnd
SubPrivate Sub Command2_Clic k()Form3.HideF orm5.ShowForm 5.Data1.RecordS ource=patientF orm5.Data1.Refr esh
Form5.DBGrid1. ClearFieldsForm 5.DBGrid1.ReBi ndEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Clic k()Form3.HideF orm5.ShowForm
5.Data1.RecordS ource=Digital
74Form5.Data1. Refresh
Form5.DBGrid1. ClearFieldsForm 5.DBGrid1.ReBi ndEnd SubPrivate Sub Command5_Clic k()Form3.HideF orm5.ShowEnd SubPrivate Sub
Command6_Clic k()EndEnd SubPrivate Sub Form_DblCliclk( )Me.PrintFormE nd Sub

75Form5.frmPriv ate Sub Command1_Clic k()Data1.Record set.MoveFirstWh ile Not (Data1.Recordset .EOF)Data1.Rec
ordset.DeleteDat a1.Recordset.Mo veNextWendDB Grid1.ClearField sEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Clic k()Form5.HideF orm4.ShowLine(
528,182)(744,384),Form4 .BackColor,BFol dx=536oldy=384 k=0End SubPrivate Sub Command3_Clic k ()Form4.MSCom
m1.Output =[3ffff80ff]Sle ep(50)EndEnd Sub

76Module1Optio n ExplicitPublic db as DatabasePublic textval , dtext, SString, Sendstr, Rtext As StringPublic trs, rps, prs, Srs, Drs
As RecordsetPublic X, Eout1, bout1, out, Timeout1, As IntegerPublic pch, pa, pb, attin, pc, As IntegerPublic oldx, oldy, Maxv
As SinglePublic k, grval As IntegerPublic t1, tt0, tt1, t2, t3, t4, tt2, Ecg1 As DoublePublic p1, p2, p3, p4, Sal As StringPublic Strt As
IntegerPublic Fnames(1 to 7) As StringPublic Egra1(1 to 100) As SinglePublic Fcnt As IntegerPublic a(0 to 19) As SinglePublic pt1,
pt2 As SinglePublic ptr, vvv, vvv2 Sarr(1 to 7) As IntegerPublic Beat, Bcnt, Bflg, Tcount As SinglePublic hcnt, hout As
IntegerPublic Declare Function Sleep Lib kernel32 (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long) As LongPublic objOutlook As
New Outlook.Applicat ionPublic objOutlookMsg As Outlook.MailIte mPublic pflg, sale, t1flg, t2flg, hflg1, finflg,
myflg As IntegerPublic Lg As Long

77
CONC LUSIO N
78
CONCLUSIO N
This Project which demonstrates an automated
patient monitoring system has its ownmerits and demerits which are discussed below:
Merits:
2.
The wireless alert system using WAP notifies physicians of critical results ontheir cellular phones.3.
With online recoding of medical parameters, the workload of the case providersand the nursing staff is reduced.4.
The clinical information database contains all data regarding the patients inelectronic form.5. The patient call switches help
emergency situations to be handled quickly.Future enhancements can be easily implemented with the PLC controller.
De-Merits:
1. The heart beat sensor is highly temperature dependent and the dynamiccharacte ristics change
with different levels of ambient light and temperature level.2. The ECG amplifier needs a high CMRR and additional
narrowband filters arenecessary to attenuate effects of mains and noise interference.3. Thermistors used for respiratory
temperature measurement may need to be heatedinitially in order to provide better sensitivity. However, this excessive heatingmay
cause discomfort to the patient.

79
FUTU RE ENHA
NCEM ENTS
80
FUTURE ENHANCEM ENTS

The human body scanning system could be made more sophisticated by incorporatingblo
od pressure and EEG sensors. The analog channel inputs AN4 and AN7 can be used andthe Port B can be programmed as
an input port along with an additional ADC chip in theexternal circuit.Hospitabl e wide wireless capability would allows doctor to
occur the patientsdatabase using their word held computers.The entire medical data acquisition could be made wireless and
wearable. Such apackage would contain the circuiting for inputs from ECG sensors, EEG sensors, pressuremeasure ment and pulse
rate transducers. This wearable module can transmit the datacontinuously over a fiber optic link or through an internet digital radio. The
received datacan be stored in separate memory and be processed by a microcontroller. This enhancementwill enable
monitoring of patients to be more flexible and strain-free.

81
COST ESTIM ATE

82
COST ESTIMATE
COMPONENTS PRICE (Rs.)
Power supply boardResistors
and wiresTransistors TrimpotsSwitche sIC OP079 pin female connectorMAX2 32PIC16F877He artbeat sensorECG
sensorSaline bottlePCB and GPBMicrocontro ller boardCabinetMis cellaneous105.00 35.0025.0040.00 40.00110.0015.0 070.00700.00130
0.00950.0017.00 50.00800.00450. 00600.00

TOTAL 5307.00
83
BIBLI OGRA PHY

84
BIBLIOGRA PHY
1. Handbook of Bio-Medical Instrumentation R.S.Khandpur2.
Bio-Medical Instrumentation and measurements Leslie CromwellFred. J. Wejnbell- Erich . A. Pleiffer3. Linear Integrated
Circuits - Roy Chowdary4. IBM PC Handbook - IBM Corporation5. www.microchip.c om6. VISUAL BASIC---Ground Up Gary Cornell
Search Search History: Searching... Result 00 of 00 00 results for result for p.
4. Saline Status Monitoring Circuit: for Patient Monitoring System Using Pic16f877
This is the report of my final year project during my diploma course in Electronics, June 2003. This project deals with a controller that monitors the heart beat , temperature , ECG and saline level of (More) This is the report of my final year project during my diploma course in Electronics, June 2003. This project deals with a controller that monitors the heart beat , temperature , ECG and saline level of the patient. It uses a front end Visual Basic 6.0 interface (Source code can be downloaded from http://www2.engr.arizona.edu/~maheshbk/files/PatientMonitoringSystem_VB.zip ). The PIC assembly language program is included in the report. (Less) Download or Print Add To Collection 37.7K Reads 425 Readcasts 206 Embed Views
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CONTENTS SYNOPSIS CPU INTRODUCTION
4. Saline Status Monitoring Circuit: 5. Attendance Card Reader: 6. Patient Call Switches Circuit: 7. Body Temperature Measurement Circuit: 10. MAX 232: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM - PIC16F877 USER END SOFTWARE IN VISUAL BASIC Flow Chart: PROGRAM: Form4.frm Form3.frm CONCLUSION FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS COST ESTIMATE BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Category: Research > Math & Engineering Rating: (20 Ratings) Upload Date: 01/03/2009 Copyright: Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike Technology general PIC16F877 patient monitoring Tags: medical data acquisition (more tags) Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Flag document for inapproriate content
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Post comment Rohmaaac4 years ago 00 thanks so much for this so useful document but please how can i download it where i need some information with my best wishes Rohmaaac4 years ago 00 thanks so much for this so useful document but please how can i download it where i need some information with my best wishes
Rohmaaac4 years ago 00 thanks so much for this so useful document but please how can i download it where i need some information with my best wishes setsuna004 years ago 00 Thanks you sir for this great reference. setsuna004 years ago 00 Thanks you sir for this great reference. setsuna004 years ago 00 Thanks you sir for this great reference. ~luna~3 years ago 00 finally... i find it... tq 2 the owner... ~luna~3 years ago 00 finally... i find it... tq 2 the owner... ~luna~3 years ago 00 finally... i find it... tq 2 the owner... sudTHEkoolest2 years ago 00 its a very good project sudTHEkoolest2 years ago 00 its a very good project deleted_fbuser_13541143658 months ago 00 valuable deleted_fbuser_13541143658 months ago 00 valuable scribd. scribd. scribd. scribd. scribd. scribd. scribd. < div style="display:none;">< img src="//pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-13DPpb-yg8ofc.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast">< /div> About

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4.5.

Fig 4.5.1: Saline monitoring circuit.

Fig 4.6.1: Buzzer circuit

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Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

PATIE NT MONI TORIN

USING PIC 16F877

Polytechnic College, Chennai

ESTIMATE -11. BIBLIOGRAPH Y-

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

ntrollerBoardSig nalConditioning BoardBodyTemp eratureSensorRe spTemperatureS ensorSaline StatusSensorHea rt BeatSensorECG

SensorAttendanc eCard Reader

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

Temperature and Respiratory Temperature:

Thermistor is used for the measurement of body temperature and respiratorytempe

Electro Cardiogram (ECG):

Saline Monitoring System:

Polytechnic College, Chennai

The patient calling system

Attendance Card Reader:

theconcerned doctor through Wireless Application Protocol.

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

1. Power Supply Circuit

regulating the voltage.

sourceand power supply circuitries.

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

DC output, the voltage can be

20maintained within a close tolerant region of

Electronics and Communication EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

21microcontrolle r. The controller is programmed to process the ECG signals

from a minimumof 3 electrodes.

Monitoring the heart beat rate of the patient can be

EngineeringPanimalar Polytechnic College, Chennai

microcontroller for signal processing.

4. Saline Status Monitoring Circuit:

5. Attendance Card Reader:

Polytechnic College, Chennai

6. Patient Call Switches Circuit:

medical access in an emergency.

7. Body Temperature Measurement Circuit:

used with long extension

24leads since the lead resistance or contact

:The air is warmed during its passage

in front of the nostrils by means of a suitably holding

as input to the analog channel of the microcontroller.

The PIC 16F 877 microcontroller

Polytechnic College, Chennai

10. MAX 232:

+5V input to +10V with input impedance of approximately 200

+5Vto +10V doubler by about 5 and +10V to 10V inverter by about 10

impedance +10V output and 40 additionalimpeda nce at 10V input.

compatible with a logic threshold of about26% of V

. The input if an unused transmitter section can be

transmitter driving the 3K . Minimum loadimpedance, the V

input at 4.5V and maximum

allowable ambient temperature typicalvoltage with 5K and V

be a minimum of 300 with +2V applied to theoutput with V

= 0V.The outputs are short circuit

protected and can be short circuited toground indefinitely.