Florida Gas Transmission Company

PHASE VIII PROJECT

Engineering Standards Volume 7 WELDING

Radiography
Document No.: 7.0010 Effective Date:
03.31.2010

Code Reference : API Standard 1104, CRF 49, Pail 192, Subpart E, 192.241 & 192.243

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1.0 Standard Description

The Radiography Engineering Standard (ES) establishes the minimum requirements and procedures for radiographic and testing performed by a contractor.

2.0 Scope

The scope of this procedure is to provide the minimum contractor guidelines, process procedures and requirements for radiogrqaphy testing of welds in pipelines and related facilities.

3.0

Terms and definitions associated with this ES follow in the table below.

Terms and Definitions

Terms Company Representative Definitions The company's Authorized Representative who is in charge of a project's radiographic inspection. The Company Representative is usually an engineer, Chief Inspector, or inspector employed by the company. The organization providing radiographic inspection services to the company (i.e., the radiographic inspection firm and/or the Radiographic Technicians and their assistants). Millirem per hour, a measurement of absorbed radiation dose in biological matter. Any individual who is qualified and experienced either by an industry accreditation or company certified level III in accordance with SNT-TC-1A or who, while in attendance at the site makes onsite judgements of the application of procedure, testing practices and interpretation of radiographic procedures, process and results. Any qualified and experienced individual who performs or who is certified as a level II technician in accordance with SNT-TC-1A requirements, or who while in attendance at the site where the sealed source or sources are being used, personally supervises radiographic operations and who is responsible to the licensee for verifying compliance with the requirements of these regulations and the conditions of the license. Any individual who, under the personal supervision of a Radiographer, uses radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources or related handling tools, or survey instruments in radiography. An area outside of which the radiation dose absorbed in 1 hour does not exceed 2 millirems. Also called the 2 mrem/hr

Contractor

mrem/hr Radiographer/ Technician (Level III)

Radiographer/ Technician (Level II)

Radiographer' s Assistant/Technician (Level I) Restricted Radiographic Area

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I distance. This area is determined with a survey meter. 4.0 Radiography

The following requirements are described in this section: Contractor's Responsibilities Personnel Qualifications Safety Requirements Radiographic Equipment Equipment Specifications Welds Subject to Inspection Qualification of Radiographic Procedures Testing Techniques Interpretation of Radiographs Radiograph Identification Radiograph Filing & Storage

4.1 Contractor's Responsibilities

The contractor is required to employ skilled, capable workers for its construction projects and to orient them to company policies and procedures. The contractor, therefore, may not replace any personnel working for the company without the company's specific written approval. The company reserves the right to replace, at its discretion, any individual who is found unsuitable to the company for any reason. All procedures, personnel, and radiographic images must comply with this standard and the latest approved edition of American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 1104

Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities Section 9.0: Acceptance Standards for Nondestructive Testing, whichever is the more stringent. On some projects, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V: Nondestructive Examination Code, or ASME B31.3 may apply; in such cases,
these codes must be followed. In addition, nondestructive testing on company facilities must also comply with the regulations and amendments set forth by the latest edition of the Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Part 192.243, Regulations for the Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline issued by the Department of Transportation (DOT), and the latest edition of the Code of Federal Regulations Title 10 Parts 0-199 issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

4.1.1 Additional Contractor Responsibilities

In addition to the general responsibilities, the contractor is responsible for: 1. Providing qualified personnel to perform testing in a competent and professional manner. 2. Providing personnel to manage the performance of other contractor personnel. 3. 4. Verifying that contractor personnel comply with all applicable safety regulations. Providing appropriate radiographic units and equipment for performing nondestructive testing.

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5. Providing storage facilities for radiographic equipment and supplies. 6. Maintaining radiographic equipment and supplies.

4.1.2 Level II Technician Responsibilities

4.2 Personnel Qualifications 4.2.1 Level II Technician/ Film Interpreter

The Level II Technician is responsible for the following: 1. Coordinating all details of nondestructive testing operations with the Company Representative. 2. Managing assistants working with the radiographic unit. 3. Performing all exposures; however, a certified Level I Technician may perform exposures under the direct supervision of the Level II Technician. 4. Performing all equipment set-up, calibration, and film interpretation. 5. Establishing and recording the radiographic procedures. 6. Certifying that welds meet the requirements outlined in this standard. 7. Completing and submitting the proper sections of the X-ray Inspection Report of Field Girth Welds (Company Form XR-1), the X-ray Inspection Overflow Sheet (Company form XR-1A), and the Radiographic Service Daily Time Sheet (Company form 6-86). Instructions for filling out these forms and an example of each can be found in Appendix A: X-ray Inspection Report and Radiographic Service Daily Time Sheet. 8. Reporting all unacceptable discontinuities to the Company Representative.

This section outlines the various qualifications and certifications that the company requires for Radiographic Technicians and Assistants.

Required qualifications and certifications for Level II Technicians/Film Interpreters include the following: 1. The Technician meets all qualification standards established by federal, state, and local governments as well as those determined by the company. 2. The Level II Technician is to be examined and certified in accordance with the American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A by a Level III Technician. Prior to the commencement of work, the Radiographic Technician is to provide a copy of his/her current SNT-TC-1A certification to the Company Representative. The term of certification is not to exceed 5 years. 3. The Level II Technician is to be qualified to set up and calibrate equipment and to interpret and evaluate results with respect to applicable codes, standards, and specifications. The Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Level II Technician is to be thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the methods for which he or she is qualified and is required to exercise the assigned responsibility for on-the-job

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training and guidance of trainers and NDT Level I personnel. 4. The certification record is to include: a. Background and experience. b. Results of qualification tests. c. Company and individual granting certification. d. Date of latest qualification test record. e. Expiration date of latest qualification test record. f. Vision examination in accordance with the Near-Vision Acuity Jaeger Number J1 within 1 year. g. A color contrast differentiation examination within 5 years. 5. The Technician develops and provides a radiographic procedure that is in accordance with the acceptance criteria and demonstrates his/her capabilities to produce a quality image in accordance with the procedure. The procedure is to be recorded on the company's Radiographic Qualification Record Form (see Appendix B: Radiographic Qualification Record). 6. The Technician's SNT-TC-1A certification is attached to the Radiographic Qualification Record Form (see Appendix B:).

4.2.2 Level I Radiographic Assistant

Required qualifications and certifications for Level I Radiographic Assistants include that they: 1. Meet all qualification standards established by federal, state, and local governments as well as those determined by the company. 2. Are examined and certified in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A by a Level III Technician. 3. Are fully qualified, certified, and trained under a program that is based on the requirements of ilSIVT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A. 4. Are qualified to properly perform specific calibrations and NDT evaluations for acceptance or rejection determinations according to written instructions and record results. The NDT Level I is to receive the necessary instructions or supervision from a certified NDT Level III or designee.

4.3 Safety Requirements

This section outlines safety requirements for radiographic testing and NDT.

4.3.1 Contractor Responsibility for Safety Requirements

The company has established minimum requirements for safety while working at its facilities. The contractor is required to: 1. Enforce the company's minimum requirements for safety and monitor them to verify compliance with all company safety requirements. 2. Enforce its own safety requirements to the extent that they do not conflict with the company's requirements.

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3. Be responsible for taking every reasonable precaution to protect individuals and property in and around the site at all times. 4. Be responsible for taking immediate corrective action if unsafe conditions or practices are discovered,. The contractor is required to promptly report any accident resulting in injury or death to individuals or damage to property to the Company Representative. The contractor also provides a written report of each accident to the Company Representative. 5. Maintain a list of personnel on site each day that work is conducted. This list is to be given to the Company Representative before the start of work each day. All of the contractor's visitors are to check in at the Engineering Field Office upon arrival and prior to departure.

4.3.2 Contractor Personnel Responsibilities for Safety Requirements

When entering a company facility, all contractor personnel are required to observe the following: 1. Carrying smoking materials such as cigarettes, cigars, pipes, matches, and lighters onto plant property is strictly prohibited_ These items are to be left in designated `Smoking Areas.' 2. All company compressor stations have been designated with Emergency Shut Down Systems (ESDSs) that allow natural gas to be evacuated from the station yards in emergencies.. In the event of an Emergency Shut Down (ESD), personnel are instructed to report to the emergency assembly area to be accounted for and remain there until an 'all clear' has been given by the Company Supervisor in charge. 3. Visitors and contractor personnel are restricted to designated 'Visitor' parking areas. Additional parking will be provided for large contingents of contractor personnel who will be on location for extended periods of time. Vehicle entry into the plant is prohibited unless authorized by the Company Representative. 4. Contractor personnel are to enter and leave company facilities via a contractor entrance designated by the Company Representative.

4.3.3 Radiographic Technician Responsibility for Safety Requirements

The Radiographic Technician is responsible for the following: 1. Protecting and monitoring everyone who works with or near radiation sources. 2. Informing the Company Representative of any case of survey meter or exposure device malfunction.

4.3.4 Other Safety Requirements

Other safety responsibilities include the following: 1. Maintain a clean work place at all times. Maintain supplies and waste materials in an orderly manner at a safe distance from water supplies, fire equipment, roads, walkways, and operating facilities where individuals require access. 2. Animals or pets are not permitted on company property or the Rights-of-Way

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(ROW) at any time. 3. The company does not allow any alcoholic beverages on company property, nor does the company allow any individual under the influence of alcohol to work on behalf of the company. Any individual suspected of or found to be under the influence of alcohol will be removed from the company project. The company does not condone the use of illegal drugs. Any individual in possession of any illegal drug or determined to use any illegal drug will be removed from the company project. When hot tie-in work is in progress, all personnel are required to wear protective clothing, which includes long-sleeve cotton shirts, gloves, hard hats, and Caliber glasses.

4.

5.

4.3.5 Safety Equipment

The contractor is required to provide safety equipment to all contractor personnel, as specified in the latest edition of the Code of Federal Regulations Title 10 Part 34 and as specified below. While working at company facilities or on ROW, the contractor provides the contractor's personnel with at least the following equipment and complies with the associated practices: 1. Hard hats: Hard hats meeting the requirements of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z89.1 Industrial Head Protection are to be worn at all times except in office areas and vehicles. 2. Hearing protection: Ear plugs or headsets are to be worn in areas marked as 'high noise.' 3. Eye protection: Glasses or goggles meeting the requirements of ANSI Z87.1 to Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection are be worn at all times except in office areas and vehicles. 4. Foot protection: Sturdy work shoes or boots are required. Tennis or jogging shoes are not permitted unless footing is critical and heeled shoes are a potential hazard (i.e., roofs and structural supports). 5. Film badge: All personnel who are involved in radiographic examinations are to wear film badges or LTD badges at all times. These badges check for total exposure to radiation. 6. Pocket dosimeter: The dosimeter is to be calibrated annually (including a functional check), and a calibration sticker is to be attached. Personnel involved in radiographic examinations are to wear pocket dosimeters at all times. The dosimeter is to be zeroed daily and continuously monitored during the day. If a dosimeter reads off the scale without explanation, an emergency film badge reading is to be taken. Rate alarm meter: The Radiographic Technician is to carry a properly functioning rate alarm meter at all times. The Radiographic Technician is to check the rate alarm meter daily. Equipment is to be calibrated annually, and a calibration sticker is to be attached. 7. Survey meter: Two properly calibrated survey meters must be available for use at all times. One survey meter is to be in continuous use whenever a radiation source

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is in use. Survey meters are to be calibrated every 90 days and after repairs. A certification sticker indicating the calibration date and the meter's recalibration date is to be attached. The survey meter is to be used and passed 360 degrees around the circumference of the exposure device (camera), surveying the source tube up to the collimator or tip to verify that the source is properly seated within the device. a. If the meter seems to be out of calibration or malfunctioning, radiographic operations are to cease until the meter is repaired or replaced. b. The Radiographic Technician is to carry the survey meter at all times. 8. Signs: NRC-approved "Caution or Danger - Radiation Area," "Caution or Danger High Radiation Area," and "Radioactive Material" signs are to be posted as stated in Section 4.3.6 Posting of this standard. 9. Barricade tape: Barricade tape is to be used to mark the Restricted Radiographic Area and to prevent entry of unauthorized personnel into the Restricted Radiographic Area in fabrication areas and the compressor station yard.

4.3.6 Posting

The survey meter is required to be used to define the Restricted Radiographic Area and beyond (if required), and the area is to be posted as specified below: 1. Mainline pipeline a. "Caution Radiation Area" or "Danger Radiation Area" signs are to be posted in accordance with NRC, state, or company requirements, whichever is more stringent. b. Signs are to be placed along the ROW, in all four directions from the work area. Signs are to be placed at the boundaries of the Restricted Radiographic Area. c. When using external sources, a "Caution High Radiation" or "Danger High Radiation" sign is to be placed close to the sources. d. When using internal crawler-type devices, two signs are to be placed on top of the pipeline at the 100 mrem/hr distance, one on each side of the source. e. A "Radioactive Material" sign is to be posted on the entrance to the storage area for radioactive material when on company property such as compressor stations, or pipeline ROW. f. The radiographic inspection vehicle is to be kept near the work site so that it is near the perimeter of the restricted area perimeter. 2. Station fabrication yards a. "Caution High Radiation" or "Danger High Radiation Area" signs are to be posted in accordance with NRC, state, or company requirements, whichever is more stringent. b. The Restricted Radiographic Area around the source is to be roped off and posted with "Restricted Area" signs. c. The Radiographic Technician is to be aware of activity near the Restricted Radiographic Area and keep watch to prevent any inadvertent trespassing. 3. Offshore pipeline and platform a. "Caution Radiation Area" or "Danger Radiation Area" signs are to be

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b. c. d. e. f. g.

posted in accordance with NRC, state, or company requirements, whichever is more stringent. The radiographic area is to be posted or roped off, with signs placed in all directions at the Restricted Radiographic Area distance. If the Restricted Radiographic Area cannot be obtained, shielding is to be provided to meet a radiation dose absorption of less than 2 mrem/hr. Guard(s) are to be posted to monitor the area of radiographic operations and prevent inadvertent trespassing. When an internal crawler unit is used, a Gamma alarm system (bells and lights) is to be used to monitor the location of the internal crawler upstream and downstream of the radiographic area. When using external sources, "Caution High Radiation" signs are to be placed close to the source. A "Radiographic Material" sign is to be posted on the entrance to the darkroom and/or the source storage room.

4.3.7 Emergencies

An emergency situation exists when the source cannot be returned to the device or the source is lost. When an emergency situation exists, the procedures below are to be followed: 1. Follow the policy required by NRC regulation that is in the contractor's Emergency Guidelines. The Radiographic Technician is to have a copy of this document at the job site at all times. 2. Immediately notify the Company Representative, the general contractor's Safety Officer, the radiographic contractor's Radiation Safety Officer, and if required federal, state, and local authorities. 3. Post the area and rope it off at the 2 mrem/hr distance and post "Restricted Area" signs. 4. The Radiographic Technician or his or her designee is to keep a visual surveillance over the entire area until the emergency situation is resolved. If the source is lost, secure the entire area and attempt to locate the source by using the survey meter. 5. When the source is located, use the survey meter to determine the boundaries of the Restricted Radiographic Area. 6. Do not use any malfunctioning device until it has been inspected and the problem repaired.

4.4 Radiographic Equipment

This section defines the equipment required to carry out NDT operations. The equipment provided by the contractor is required to be in good working condition and available as necessary.

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4.4.1 Onshore Gamma Ray (Two-man Unit)

The Onshore Gamma Ray (two-man unit) includes the following equipment: 1. Crank-out exposure devices equipped with collimators of tungsten or lead 2. Four-wheel drive truck (except compressor stations, where two-wheel drive trucks are used) 3. Air-conditioned darkroom (minimum requirement of 4 feet x 4 feet x 7 feet) 4. Minimum 5-gallon chemical tanks 5. Enclosed dryer system (such as a heated, forced air compartment or automatic film dryer) 6. High-intensity view lights 7. Necessary darkroom accessories 8. Minimum of four Kilowatt (KW) electric generators 9. Digital densitometers 10. Ultrasonic thickness gauge with digital display (to check pipe-wall thickness at tiein points to existing pipe) 11. Two survey meters

4.4.2 Offshore Gamma Ray (Two-man Unit)

The Offshore Gamma Ray (two-man unit) includes the following equipment: 1. Crank-out exposure devices equipped with collimators of tungsten or lead 2. Air-conditioned darkroom sufficient to develop 100 welds per shift, with a viewing room for inspection 3. Enclosed dryer system (such as a heated, forced air compartment or automatic film dryer capable of drying 300 film per shift) 4. High-intensity view lights 5. Necessary darkroom accessories 6. Digital densitometers 7. Ultrasonic thickness gauge with digital display (to check pipe-wall thickness at tiein points to existing pipe) 8. Two survey meters

4.4.3 Onshore Internal Crawler (Three-man Unit)

The Onshore Internal Crawler (three-man unit) includes the following equipment: 1. 2. 3. 4. Internal crawler Four-wheel drive truck One additional crawler and parts to repair equipment Air-conditioned darkroom sufficient to develop 100 welds per day, with a viewing room for inspection 5. Enclosed dryer system (such as a automatic film dryer capable of drying 200 film per day) 6. High-intensity view lights 7. Necessary darkroom accessories

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8. Minimum of four KW electric generators 9. Digital densitometers 10. Two survey meters

4.4.4 Offshore Internal Crawler (Three-man Unit)

The Offshore Internal Crawler (three-man unit) includes the following equipment: 1. Internal crawler 2. A mechanic (if requested) to perform repairs and maintenance on the internal crawlers 3. One additional crawler and parts to repair equipment 4. Air-conditioned darkroom sufficient to develop 100 welds per shift and having a viewing room for inspection 5. Enclosed dryer system (such as automatic film dryer capable of drying 100 film per shift) 6. High-intensity view lights 7. Necessary darkroom accessories 8. Digital densitometers 9. Two survey meters

4.4.5 Onshore External X-ray Tube (Twoman Unit)

The Onshore External X-ray Tube (two-man unit) includes the following equipment: 1. External X-ray tube 2. One additional X-ray tube 3. Air-conditioned darkroom sufficient to develop 100 welds per day, with a viewing room for inspection 4. Enclosed dryer system (such as automatic film dryer capable of drying 400 film per day) 5. High-intensity view lights 6. Necessary darkroom accessories 7. Digital densitometers 8. Ultrasonic thickness gauge with digital display (to check pipe-wall thickness at tiein points to existing pipe) 9. Two survey meters

4.4.6 Offshore External X-ray Tube (Threeman Unit)

The Offshore External X-ray Tube (two-man unit) includes the following equipment: 1. External X-ray tube 2. One additional X-ray tube 3. Air-conditioned darkroom sufficient to develop 100 welds per shift and having a viewing room for inspection 4. Enclosed dryer system (such as automatic film dryer capable of drying 400 film

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5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

per shift) High-intensity view lights Necessary darkroom accessories Digital densitometers Ultrasonic thickness gauge with digital display (to check pipe-wall thickness at tiein points to existing pipe) Two survey meters

4.5 Equipment Specifications

This section defines the equipment specifications for radiographic equipment.

4.5.1 General Specifications

4.5.2 Exposure Devices

General specifications for radiographic equipment are as follows: 1. Exposure devices are to be approved by the NRC and/or the applicable state agency and be in good working condition. 2. The exposure device is required to be locked at all times, even when it is only being carried from one inspection location to another. 3. In case of malfunction, all radiographic activity involving the device will be stopped until repairs can be made.

Exposure devices with greater strength may be used, but all exposure devices are required to meet the following minimum criteria: 1. Gamma ray source a. 2" OD to 6" OD b. 6" OD to 16" OD c. 16" OD to 24" OD d. 24" OD to 42" OD 20 Curies minimum 25 Curies minimum 50 Curies minimum 75 Curies minimum

2. External X-ray units All pipe diameters and wall thicknesses 225 KV/3mA minimum 3. Internal X-ray units a. 20" OD and less b. 22" OD to 36" OD c. 36" OD to 48" OD 150KV/3mA minimum 200KV/3mA minimum 250KV/3mA minimum

The Company Representative must provide written approval for the use of exposure

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devices that do not meet these criteria prior to equipment use.

4.5.3 Intensification Screens

The specifications for intensification screens are as follows: 1. Lead foil screens are to be used for all radiographs. 2. When using X-ray sources, the front screen is required to have a minimum thickness of 0.005 inch, and the back screen is to have a minimum thickness of 0.010 inch. 3. When using gamma ray sources, the front and back screens are to have a minimum thickness of 0.010 inch. 4. AGFAs SMP 308 or RCF fluormetallic intensifying screens are to be used with AGFA D6R Class II film.

4.5.4 Radiographic Film

Requirements for radiographic film are as follows: 1. Film is to be free of fog, blemishes, and artifacts. 2. Pre-exposure fog is not to exceed H&D transmitted density of 0.30 for transparent-based film or 0.50 for opaque-based film. 3. Film density is not to be less than 2.0 or greater than 3.5 through the area of interest (weld) and penetrameter. 4. Film is to be stored in a clean, dry environment where the film quality will not be jeopardized. a. If film quality is questionable, unexposed sheets taken from the front and back of each package, or a length of film equal to the circumference of the original roll, are to be processed in the normal manner. b. If the film shows fog, discard it or take additional film tests to prove that the remainder is free from pre-exposure fog in accordance with these specifications. c. A lead letter "B" is to be placed on the back side of the film cassette for monitoring back scatter. 5. The minimum film requirements/and company approved films are as follows: a. Extra fine grain Class I high-contrast film is to be one of the following types: EKC M, Gevaert/AGFA D4, or D5, or Fuji 50 or 80 b. Fine grain Class II high-contrast film is to be one of the following types: EKC AA, Gevaert/AGFA D7, Fuji 100. c. Kodak AA, AGFA D7, Fuji 100, or AGFA D6R Class II film with AGFAs SMP 308 or RCF fluormetallic intensifying screen may be used for onshore fabrication, offshore fabrication, and offshore pipeline girth welds. The weld must be at ambient temperature, or a heat shield is to be used. 6. Film is to be processed, handled, and stored so that the images are interpretable for at least 3 years after the film is processed.

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4.5.5 Film Use

The following are the company requirements for film selection based on the size and wall thickness of the pipe to be radiographed. In all cases, the film used is to produce radiographs with the required Ug (geometrical unsharpness) sharpness. The formula "D = St/k" is to be used to determine the minimum distance between the source and the source side of the object being radiographed. In this formula: 1. D = minimum inches between source and source side of object 2. S = size in inches of focal spot 3. t = thickness of material plus reinforcement plus distance between film and welding, all in inches a. For Single-Wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing (SWE/SWV) and Doublewall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing (DWE/SWV), use the thickness of a single wall and reinforcement. For Double-wall Exposure for Double-wall Viewing (DWE/DWV), use the Outside Diameter (OD) of the pipe plus twice the height of the weld crown.

b.

4. k = geometric unsharpness, which is 0.02 inch for material thickness less than or equal to 2 inches

4.5.6 Image Quality Indicator (IQI)

For gamma ray radiographs: 1. Class I film is to be used on pipe 12 inches OD and less with wall thickness of 0.375 inch and less, and when the material penetrated is 3/4 inch or less (excluding weld build-up). Class I film may be used on larger diameter pipe and wall thicknesses if desired. 2. Class II film is to be used on pipe greater than 12 inches OD with all wall thicknesses, and when material penetrated is greater than 3/4 inch (excluding weld build-up). X-ray radiographs 1. Class II film is to be used on pipe 12 inches OD and less with wall thickness of 0.375 inch and less, and on pipe greater than 12 inches OD with all wall thicknesses. 2. Class I film may be used on larger diameter pipe and base material thicknesses if desired.

Specifications for Image Quality Indicators (IQIs) are as follows: 1. IQI selection is to be governed by Table 5: Weld Thickness Versus Diameter of the

American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers (ASTME) 747 Wire Type IQI or by Table 6: Weld Thickness Versus Diameter of ISO Wire Type IQI, both of which are found in API 1104.
2. The IQI selection is to be based on the pipe-wall or base material thickness. 3. The IQI is to be made of material that is radiographically similar to the material to be examined.

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4.6 Welds Subject to Inspection

All girth welds on gas piping 2 inches and larger must be 100 percent gamma ray or X-ray inspected on compressor stations, mainline pipelines, offshore pipelines, platform piping, pipe appurtenances, fabricated assemblies, and tie-ins. On gathering pipeline systems, the Company Representative dictates which welds will be radiographed.

4.7 Qualification of Radiographic Procedures 4.7.1 General Qualifications

This section defines the qualifications of radiographic procedures.

General qualifications for radiographic procedures are as follows: 1. The contractor is required to demonstrate that the radiographic procedures to be used consistently produce acceptable radiographs while 'not preventing delays' in the progress of a construction project. 2. Radiographic procedures are to be in accordance with API Standard 1104 or ASME B31.3, whichever is applicable. 3. 4. Once the company and the contractor have agreed on the procedures to be used on the project, the contractor can then proceed with the assigned work.

4.7.2 Qualification Methods

Qualified procedures will be judged by their capacity to produce X-ray or gamma ray radiographs of sufficient clarity, density, sensitivity, and contrast. Any defects in the weld or in the pipe adjacent to the weld, and the wire diameter of the IQI are to be clearly visible in the radiograph. 5. The Radiographic Technician creates and qualifies a separate Radiographic Qualification Record (see Appendix B:) for each individual pipe diameter, wall thickness, and technique.

Qualification methods for radiographic procedures are as follows: 1. For routine work, such as small gathering systems, procedures may be qualified during production radiography. 2. For previously established procedures, the first few radiographs are submitted to the Company Representative in order to establish compliance with this standard. 3. Procedures are to be established as 'qualified' if they consistently produce acceptable radiographs under the conditions outlined in this standard.

4.7.3 Recording Qualifications

A detail of the procedure, test results, and Company Representative approval are to be recorded on the Radiographic Qualification Record (see Appendix B:).

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Once a procedure is qualified, it can be used by any other qualified Radiographic Technician who is employed by the contractor. The Radiographic Technician is required to satisfactorily complete and submit an additional Radiographic Qualification Record to verify his or her ability to comply with the established procedure.

4.7.5 When a New Procedure Is Required

A new procedure is required when: 1. Pipe diameter or wall thickness changes. 2. Radiation source type is changed (e.g., gamma ray to X-ray). 3. Intensifying screens are added, deleted, or otherwise changed. 4. Film type or processing is changed. 5. Exposure geometry is changed (e.g., SWE/SWV to DWE/SWV). 6. IQI type, material, identifying number, wire diameter , or thickness is changed. NOTE: The strength of a gamma ray (source) is not an essential variable requiring an additional procedure. The gamma ray (source) deteriorates at a given rate regardless of use.

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4.8 Testing Techniques

This section identifies the testing techniques for SWE/SWV, DWE/SWV, DWE/DWV, IQI Placement, and Film Processing Methods.

4.8.1 Single-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing

The source alignment for SWE/SWV (see Appendix C: Single-wall Exposure for Singlewall Viewing) is as follows: 1. The source is to be centered in the pipe and positioned so that the projected beam passes through the center of the weld. 2. Maximum deviation from the perpendicular is not to be greater than 5 degrees. 3. The source to object distance is to be 8 times the weld thickness minimum. 4. There is to be 1 exposure per weld.

4.8.2 Double-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing

Specifications for DWE/SWV (see Appendix D: Double-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing) are as follows: 1. Source alignment: a. The source is to be positioned on the exterior so that the center of the projected beam passes through the center of the weld portion under examination. ()Pb. The source may be offset to avoid superposition of weld images. c. Maximum offset is not to be greater than 5 degrees. 2. The source to object distance is to equal the pipe diameter distance. 3. Exposures per weld: a. Gamma ray sources require a minimum of 3 exposures per weld.

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b. X-ray sources require a minimum of 4 exposures per weld. 4. Film position: a. Film is to be in direct contact with the weld and centered to the section of the weld under examination. b. A minimum overlap of 2 inches is required at each end of the acceptable film length.

4.8.3 Double-wall Exposure for Double-wall Viewing

The DWE/DWV (see Appendix E: Double-wall Exposure for Double-wall Viewing) is required for pipe having an OD of 2 3/8 inches or less if the weld geometry will allow. Specifications include the following: 1. Source alignment: a. Position the source so that the center of the projected beam passes through the center of the pipe in the plane of the weld. b. Offset the source from the plane through the weld to avoid superimposition of the images. c. The angle offset is to be the minimum amount necessary to separate images of the source-side and film-side sections. 2. The source to film distance is equal to 8 times the pipe diameter minimum. 3. For complete weld examination, 2 exposures per weld are to be made at 90 degrees to each other. 3. - 12-

4.8.4 IQI Placement

Specifications for IQI placement are as follows: 1. Four SWE/SWV IQIs are to be equally spaced around the circumference. 2. DWE/SWV: a. If the viewable film length is 5 inches or less, 1 IQI is to be placed on the film side, diametrically opposed to the source. b. If the film length is greater than 5 inches, 2 IQIs are to be used. One IQI is to be placed within 1" inch of the end of the film length to be interpreted_ The second IQI is to be positioned so that it is diametrically opposed to the source. 3. DWE/DWV: One IQI is to be placed on the source side so that its length is perpendicular to the weld length on the weld image.

4.8.5 Film Processing Methods

The contractor has the option to use either automatic or manual film processing. Processing is to be done so that radiographs can be stored without risk of discoloration for up to 3 years after the line has been placed in service. Specifications for film processing are as follows: 1. Automatic film processing:
a. Operate film processors in accordance with recommendations established by the

equipment and processing chemical manufacturers.

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b. The contractor is required to have standby manual film processing capability. 2. Manual film processing: a. Follow manufacturer's recommendations on chemical mixing, replenishment, and replacement. b. Processing solutions, including wash water, are to be at a temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit, 5 degrees. c. Change wash water at least once a day. .

4.9 Interpretation of Radiographs

The procedures used by the contractor must produce images that meet the acceptance criteria defined in this standard. All requirements that refer to the quality of the resulting images are to apply equally to X-rays and gamma rays. The following criteria are to be used to evaluate radiographs: 1. The contractor is to use an acceptable technique, set-up, and procedure to produce and evaluate all radiographs. 2. Radiographs are to be evaluated with high-intensity view light. Radiographs are to be evaluated when dry unless otherwise instructed by the Company Representative. 3. The Level II or Level III Radiographic Technician is to determine if the weld is acceptable. The company reserves the right to reject any weld accepted by the Radiographic Technician. 4. Radiographs are to have acceptable clarity, acceptable contrast, and image quality that is free from fog, film artifacts (e.g., crimps, chemicals, scratches), and processing irregularities that could mask the image of actual discontinuities. 5. Interpretation of radiographs is to be in accordance with the latest approved edition of API Standard 1104, Section 9.0: Acceptance Standards for Nondestructive Testing and this standard. Density and sensitivity are to be in accordance with Section 4.5.4: Radiographic Film. This requirement applies to welds made on pipeline-related facilities and welds made in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V. 6. Produced images are to have the requisite sensitivity to clearly define the essential wire of the proper IQI. Appendix F: API 1104 Limitation for Defects/ 7. Discontinuities contains an abbreviated list of acceptance criteria for defects and discontinuities according to API 1104. 8. Film artifacts in the area of interest that interfere with the interpretation of the film in the area are to be subject to rejection of the radiograph. The weld -must be radiographed again. 9. Radiographs are to be identified correctly using the identification system outlined in this standard. 10. A weld is required to be classified as 'unacceptable' if it does not meet the acceptance criteria outlined below: a. The radiograph is to be identified and recorded as specified in Appendix A: of this document. b. All welds that are repaired or replaced are to be re-radiographed.

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c. No more than two repairs to a given weld will be approved. Prior to radiographic examination of a weld that has been repaired more than twice, the Radiographic Technician is to obtain the Company Representative's approval.

4.10 Radiograph

This section identifies procedures for radiograph identification.

Identification

4.10.1 Radiograph Numbering System

All radiographic films must be identified by their weld identification (ID) numbers, number belts, pipeline numbers, and work order numbers unless otherwise stated in this standard. The radiograph numbering system is to provide a ready means of cross-referencing the actual location of a weld with its assigned radiographic number on the X-ray Inspection Report of Field Girth Welds (XR-1) (see Appendix A: X-ray Inspection Report and Radiographic Service Daily Time Sheet). See Figure 1: Examples of Radiograph Numbering for examples. The specifications for the radiograph numbering system are as follows: 1. Main and lateral lines: a. For field girth welds, the designation "XR" and sequential numbers starting with 001 are to be used. b. For tie-in welds, the designation "TI" and sequential numbers starting with 001 are to be used. c. For fabrication welds, the designation "FB" and sequential numbers starting with 001 are to be used. d. Assign sequential letters of the alphabet (e.g., "A," "B") for additional radiograph units. For example: XRA-001, TIA-001, TIB-001. e. The appropriate modifiers are to be added as described in Section 4.10.2 Modifiers to Numbering System of this standard.

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RADIOGRAPHED WELD XRA-055 (DOUBLE JOINT)

RADIOGRAPHED WELD XRA-054

0
TIE-IN WELD TIA-100 ROAD CROSSING TIE-IN SECTION UNIT A REJECTED FIRST WELD UNIT B SHOT REPAIR TIE-IN WELD i TIA-101 RADIOGRAPHED WELD (REPAIRED XRAB-056R

Figure 1: Examples of Radiograph Numbering

2. Gas well connect/gathering lines: a. Because these lines are generally smaller and differently constructed, the choice of numbering conventions is left to the Company Representative's discretion. b. Radiograph numbers for pre-fabricated assemblies are to be reported on a standardized drawing. c. The sketch is to be submitted with the contractor's Radiographic Service Daily Time Sheet (Company Form 6-86) and the X-ray Inspection Report of Field Girth Welds to the Company Representative. d. The appropriate modifiers are to be added as described in Section 4.10.2 of this standard. 3. Road/river/drag sections: Sections prefabricated prior to the pipe-laying operation for drag sections under roads, creeks, or foreign line crossings are to have the additional letters "DS" attached to the weld number. 4. Fabricated Assemblies: a. The Radiographic Technician is to provide a cross-referenced, numbered sketch showing the numbers assigned to specific welds on the assembly. b. The sketch is to be submitted with the XR-1 to the Company Representative. c. After using a number belt, mark the zero and an arrow showing the orientation of the belt on the weld with a paint stick. d. The appropriate modifiers are to be added as described in Section 4.10.2 of this standard. 5. Regulator, metering, and compressor station: a. Welds to be radiographed are to be assigned a number from a diagram, the construction blueprint, or by the Company Representative. b. Mark the number on each weld and blueprint or diagram. c. After using a number belt, mark the zero and an arrow showing the orientation

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Code Reference :

of the belt on the weld with a paint stick. d. Submit the blueprint or diagram with the XR-1 to the Company Representative.

4.10.2 Modifiers to Numbering System

When a weld is determined to be unacceptable, a modifier (see Appendix A:) is required to identify the subsequent process performed to it. The original radiograph number is to be reused and followed by one of the following modifiers (as applicable): 1. For a repaired weld, add "R" to the number. 2. For a multiple-repair weld, add "RR" to the number. 3. For a cut-out weld, add "N" to the number. 4. For a welding requiring a second replacement, add "NN" to the number. 5. For a replacement weld requiring repair, add "NR" to the number. 6. For a temporary weld, add "TW" to the number.

4.10.3 Marking

Use white wax pencils (contractor supplied) to circle rejectable weld defects on radiographs and to mark the weld or radiograph number on one end of each defective weld radiograph. The specifications for letter/number belts are as follows: 1. Letter/number belts are to be used on all welds and repair exposures. For 2-inch to 4-inch pipe weld exposures, sequential letters on each end of the film are to be used instead of number belts to conserve space. 2. Numbering is to start at the top button and continue around the circumference of the weld, corresponding to the number of inches around the pipe and having the following maximum spacing: a. 6-inch diameter pipe or smaller: 2-inch spacing b. 8-inch diameter pipe or larger: 5-inch spacing 3. Letter/number belts are to be separate from the film cassettes. 4. Belts are to be fastened to the pipe and held in position until all exposures are made. 5. Overlap of the film is to be apparent.

4.10.4 Letter/Number Belts

4.11 Radiograph Filing

41)

The specifications for radiograph filing is as follows: 1. Film is required to be accumulated on site and submitted to the company at the end of the job. 2. Write the weld or radiograph number on the end of each reject weld radiograph. 3. All film is to be packaged in a partitioned cardboard box that is 12 inches x 12 inches x 3 inches. 4. The following information is to be written on the outside of the container:

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a. Date, name of Level II Radiographer, and name of contractor b. Company work order number c. Sequence of radiographic weld numbers d. Job location 5. The radiographs are to be filed in numerical order, including repairs and cut out weld radiographs. 6. A photocopy of the XR 1 is to be included in the cardboard box with the related radiographs.
-

5.0 Documentation Requirements

Radiographic Qualification Record Form Radiographic Service Daily Time Sheet (Company Form 6-86) X-ray Inspection Overflow Sheet (Company Form XR-IA) X-ray Inspection Report of Field Girth Welds (Company Form )CR-1)

6.0 References

ANSI Standard Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection ANSI Standard Z89.1 Industrial Head Protection API Standard 1104 Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant & Petroleum Refinery Piping ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V: Nondestructive Examination Code ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Parts 0-199 Code of Federal Regulations Title 49

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Appendix A: X-ray Inspection Report and Radiographic Service Daily Time Sheet

This appendix includes the following: 1. Instructions for preparing the X-ray Inspection Report of Girth Welds 'R-1) 2. XR-1 X-ray Inspection Report of Field Girth Welds 3. XR-1 a X-ray Inspection Report Overflow Sheet 4. Form 6-86 Radiographic Service Daily Time Sheet

In order to maintain an effective system to monitor and control nondestructive weld testing and to meet the federal requirements for record keeping, the company will supply the X-ray Inspection Report of Field Girth Welds (XR-1) to contractors assigned to company field projects. 1. Prepare the X-ray Inspection Report of Field Girth Welds (XR-1) in quadruplicate sets daily for each project worked that day. 2. Fill out the heading and all lines of the project information block. a. Put the radiographic technician's SNT certification number here. b. Method of NDT used (i.e. radiography [R.T.], Ultrasonics [U.T.]), etc. 3. Identify the appropriate weld identification number. 4. Enter the survey station number for each weld and any major land features, such as roads, fence lines, streams, or other landmarks that might be useful for locating a given weld on the pipeline. The survey station number ties the weld number to the actual field location. 5. Fill in the class, welder stencil number, weld process, welding procedure number, pipe size, and wall thickness for each weld. If the weld is a transition between two wall thicknesses, make a diagonal line through the wall thickness box and indicate both wall thicknesses. 6. Report the disposition of the weld as accepted or rejected. 7. If the weld is rejected, indicate the location and type of defect in the remarks section. The XR-1 number that the weld was rejected on and the XR-1 number that the weld was accepted on or cut out due to rejection of weld repair is to be indicated in the 'Disposition' section. 8. Weld repair information is required to include all necessary cross-referencing information including: a. Form numbers, dates, and disposition of the weld (repaired, replaced, etc.). b. Type of weld process used. 9. Class location 10. Welds inspected today/Welds inspected to date 11. Sign the report and give it to the Company Representative. a. The welding inspector is to sign at this location. b. Once all of the rejected welds have been corrected, the welding inspector must sign to certify that all welds were repaired or replaced. 12. Two copies (pink and gold) of the signed report are to be retained for the contractor's records. 13. Well Connect LinesFor 4-inch and 6-inch lines less than a mile long (whether the line is solid welded or partially welded and partially joined by mechanical means), the ensuing procedures are to be followed: a. Enter the survey station number and/or referenced facility or land feature on the XR-1 for the first and last radiograph for each series of continuous joints radiographed.

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b. Record the average random length of pipe on the report.

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C 406 5/17/95

THIS REPORT IS NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH DOT REGULATIONS

Refer to: Subpart E - Welding of Steel in Pipelines, Section 192.241 Inspection and Test of Welds,Department of Transportation Regulations, 49 CFR Part 192

X-RAY INSPECTION REPORT OF FIELD GIRTH WELDS XR- I

BY:
2

DATE 2

u PEPL u TGC TO

u FGT

NDT Firm 2 Area Manager/Area Engineer 2 Address 2 State Field Base Location NDT Unit Location Technician 2
2

SNT No. 2.a

Zi

PROJECT INFORMATION Pipeline Contractor Weld Inspector

Weld I.D. D nd Feature or Line " item Number Survey Location 1 2 3 4,a

2 2

2 Job Name Line Number 2 Work Order No. Method of NDT

WPS NO. 5 Pipe Dia. 5

2 2.b
Disposition of Rejected Weld (Weld Inspector) RP 8 RPL DATE REPORT NO. 8 8 8

Class 5

Wldr. Weld Sten. No. Process 5 5

Acceptable Remarks /Defects* Wall N ( Tech) Thickness Y 5 6 6 7

24 NDT Inspection Ratio By Class Location Class 1 & II 9 DOT Min. Percent 10/15 90 100 Weld Today 10 10 10 Welds To Date 10 10 10 NDT Today 10 10 10 NDT To Date Percent Today 10 10 10 Percent To Date

10
10 ,10

10
10 10

Class III & IV & Fabrication & Rivers 9 Highway/RR Rights of Way & Tie-Ins 9 *ABBREVIATIONS FOR WELD DISCONTINUITIES :
BT - Burn Trough IP - Incomplete Penetration SL - Slag Lines IU - Internal Undercut P - Porosity LC - Low Crown RS - Righ or Lay Side T - Top TI BTA - Burn Through Area IF - Incomplete Fusion SI - Slag Inclusions OU - Outside Undercut GP - Gas Pocket NW - Narrow Weld DS - Ditch Side B - Bottom WT - Wagon Tracks CR - Crack

ABBREVIATIONS FOR METHOD OF NDT : Reported By: RT - Radiography MT - Magnetic particle 11 UT - Ultrasonic Testing NDT Technician Acknowledge: DISPOSITION OF WELD RP - Repaired 11.a RPL - Replaced Field Weld Inspector

The Above record of Dispositions are certified correct as shown

Field Weld Inspector

Date

DISTRIBUTION:

ENGINEERING: White - Original to Inspector for HO Yellow - Inspector File to Area Office Pink - Technician Gold - Testing Firm's Office

TRANSMISSION: Original - Retain at Area Office Yellow - Division Office Pink - Houston Transmission Technical Staff Gold - Completion Report

INSTRUCTIONS:

To be initialed in Quadruplicate by NDT Technician and submitted to Field Weld Inspector

for acknowledgement and Disposition of Defective Weld. *NOTE: Original to be retained for life of facility. Report No.

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X-RAY INSPECTION REPORT OVERFLOW SHEET XR-1A

Job Name Line Number Work Order No.
Date
Acceptable Line Item 1 2 Weld I.D. Number Land Feature or Survey Location Class Wldr. Sten. No. Weld Process WPS NO. Pipe Dia. Wall Thickness
Y N

Overflow Sheet No
To Report No.
Remarks /Defects ( Tech)

Disposition of Rejected Weld (Weld Inspector) RP RPL DATE REPORT NO.

5 6 7 8

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

INSTRUCTIONS:
Use this supplement sheet ONLY as an extension of Report Form C 406 (XR-l) and when reporting welds inspected all on same day or same work order. Please indicate beside the signature block of Initial Report the number of overflow sheets applicable to the report

Overflow Sheet Reported By: NOT Technician

to Report The above record of Dispositions are certified correct as shown

Field Weld Inspector Acknowledged: NDT Technician Date

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Panhandle Energy
Work By:
A RAY INSPECTION 1119)

RADIOGRAPHIC SERVICE Daily Time Sheet

Date: Day: E.S. No.:
ASSISTANT NAME TECHNICIAN NAME TWO MAN LIND MAME NAME NAME

FGT PEPL TGC SR OTHER

Project: Project Location:

ONE MAN UNIT AMOUNT QTY. RAIL AM01011

ADDITIONAL LEVEL II QTY. 16411 AMOUNT

ADDIIIONM. LEVEL I CffY. 16111 AMOUNT

UNII WW1 If !III/MIDI I 1TAT DODDS 001101W 11041RS SUNDAY A HOLIDAY HOURS SIADOBY DAY IA If MIDI DAY Pt It DAM MIIIIAL814180 0 Co.. NI x NY , DAY 101A1 i

QTY.

RA II

MISTY I I ANI CATS C.TIATAA S M WELD CI Oita 161 4.5 - FILM

UNIT

QTY.

RAIL

ATACAN1 sii I

WEI 1) cutA1C1S QTY.

2'

RA 11

AMOI NI

011111 1614 liOUR 11(1114 10)1114 101AI S

IN 1 [MAL CRAWLER AWE 111CLI IA. IRASONIC If ST INC MAC:WTI,: PARTICLE TESTING IDI Pt NI. IRANI 11 .611Nl;

II

HY 12' 14 -

MILEAGE Blussne, 0111 18' US'S Conhact AlkAbAlle NEI Mfleb CluALLQ fOIAL 18'
Al 22

74 WORK ORDER PERCENT LINE NUMBER 0406 FORM NUMBERS 1'

NY

42' 10IAL ABOVE 10096 Today's Charges 101AI INS DAY

0
S

REMARKS:

SUBMITTED RY:

APPROVED RY: s
ftlM1 f s ,1

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Appendix B: Radiographic Qualification Record

This appendix includes the Radiographic Qualification Record and the instructions for filling out the form.

The information on this form can be handwritten legibly or typewritten. The instructions in this appendix appear in the same order as the form. 1. GENERAL INFORMATION a. Procedure Qualification: mark this box to indicate this is a new procedure. b. Personnel Qualification: mark this box when qualifying a Radiographic Technician. This can be accomplished when establishing a new procedure. Requalification is required for each procedure. c. Procedure No.: use the wall thickness, pipe diameter, and source of radiation as the procedure number. Example: Radiographs on 24 inches x .500 inch wall thickness (W.T.) pipe with a gamma ray source is 24-500-6. d. Date: date the procedure was established. e. Project: the project name this procedure was produced for. f. Company: mark the appropriate box to indicate the company for which work is to be performed, or use 'Other' for companies not listed. g. Radiographic Contractor: name of service company this Radiographic Technician is employed by. h. X-ray Technician: name of Radiographic Technician. i. S1VT-TC-1A Cert. Date: date Radiographic Technician was tested by his/her company's Level III Technician. j. SNT-TC-IA Qualification Attached: mark this box to indicate that the Radiographic Technician's certification papers are attached. They must be attached prior to approval of the Radiographic Technician. mark the appropriate box to indicate the level of the Radiographic Technician. k. Level 1. W.O.: Work Order assigned to the project. 2. SOURCE a. Type Radiation: mark the appropriate box to indicate whether X-ray equipment or gamma ray (source) is used. b. Method: mark the appropriate box to indicate whether the radiation source is located internally (inside the pipe) or attached externally. c. Manufacturer: manufacturer of the equipment and model. d. MA: the tube current in milliamperes. e. KV: the energy potential applied to the X-ray tube in kilovolts. Curies: the curie of the radioisotope. Example: 80-90 or 100 curies. g. Size: the size of the effective source or focal spot. f.

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3. FILTER TYPE AND PLACEMENTtype of filter used and placement in the film cassette. 4. SCREENS a. Material: type of material composition of lead screens. Example: Pure lead or 6 percent antimony and 94 percent lead. b. Thickness front/back: thickness of the front and back screens in inches. 5. INTENSIFICATION SCREENS a. Type: type of intensification screen. Example: Fluorescent screens placed inside of the cassette contacting the front and back side of the film. b. Thickness front/back: thickness of the front and back intensification screens in inches. 6. GEOMETRIC ARRANGEMENT a. Viewing: SWE/SWV, DWE/DWV, DWE/SWV: mark the appropriate box to indicate which method is used. Example: DWE/SWV - the source is placed perpendicular to the film on the outside of the pipe. The radiation penetrates two thicknesses of the pipe wall (DWE) and exposure of one wall thickness would be transposed on the film for Single Wall Viewing (SWV). b. Source to Film Distance: distance from the radiation source to the film cassette in inches. c. Offset/Offset Angle: if the source is offset from the weld, then the offset is the measured distance from the centerline of the weld to the centerline of the source. The offset angle is the angle from the centerline of the source to the centerline of the weld at the film location (see Appendix D:). 7. FILM DATA a. No. Exposure: the number of exposures required to radiograph a weld. Example: If a gamma ray source is used externally, three exposures may be required. If internal X-ray equipment is used, one exposure may be required. b. Film Size: the film width and length in inches. Example: 70mm wide x 10 inches in length c. Diagnostic Readable Length: the readable length of the film in inches. Example: Pipe diameter is 3.5 inches OD, film length is 10 inches, readable length is 2.600 inches. d. Film Overlap - film is normally overlapped 2 inches to verify that the complete weld is radiographed. Enter the length of one end of film overlap in inches. e. Film Type: the model number for the film. Example: NDT55 f. Class: the film class to indicate the speed and quality of film. Example: II g. Manufacturer: the manufacturer of the film. Example: AGFA D4 h. No. Film in Cassette: the number of film pieces in one cassette. This is normally one film section. i. Unexposed Base Density: the base density of film prior to use. Measurement is to be taken on each box prior to use. j. Cassette Separation: film cassette separation in degrees.

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k. Exposed density of Parent Metal/Weld Metal- film density is to be checked at the parent metal (pipe) and the weld area. Densitometers are to be used for this measurement. Enter the densities here. 1. Equipment Used To Determine Density: the type of equipment, model number, and manufacturer. m. Method - Multiple Film, Single Film: mark the appropriate box to indicate the use of multiple cassettes or single cassettes. n. Film Position: the orientation of the film cassettes beginning at the top of the pipe to the center of the cassette's length. Example: 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees. This applies to multiple cassettes and not to a full circumference belt. 8. FILM PROCESSING a. Drying detail: the type of equipment used. If no equipment was used, then indicate how the film was dried. b. Manual/Automatic: mark the appropriate box to indicate how the film was dried. c. Developing Time/Manufacturer: length of time the film was in the developing solution. Manufacturer of chemicals. d. Rinse Time/Manufacturer: length of time the film was in the rinse water. Manufacturer of chemicals. e. Fix Time/Manufacturer: length of time the film was in the fix solution. Manufacturer of chemicals. f. Final Rinse: length of time the film was in the final rinse water prior to drying. g. Temperature: temperature of the developing solution and rinse water. 9. EXPOSURE TIMES a. Single Exposure: length in minutes required for a single exposure. b. Total Exposure Time: length in minutes required for the total exposures. Example: If the weld required 3 exposures at 1 minute each, the total exposure time is 3 minutes. 10. IQI a. I.D. Number: identification number of the IQI. b. Type: in accordance with API 1104 Section 11 Table 5 or Table 6. c. Film Side/Source Side: mark the appropriate box to indicate the location of the IQI. d. IQI Position - this information explains the position of the IQI in relation to the source. Example: perpendicular (see Appendix C: and Appendix E: Double-wall Exposure for Doublewall Viewing)

e. No. Per Film - number of IQIs to a film section. f. Sensitivity Required - indicate the essential wire of the IQI. 11. LETTER/NUMBER BELT a. Orientation of Markers - measured distance from centerline to centerline of the identification marker and the starting point. b. Manner of Location - method the identification markers are attached to the pipe. Example: A number belt is used. 12. PIPE DATA

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Pipe Diameter - enter the pipe diameter in inches. W.T. - enter the pipe-wall thickness in decimal inches. Grade - enter the grade of the pipe. Pipe Material - material composition of the pipe. If pipe is a carbon steel or stainless steel, enter this information. Do not use abbreviations. e. Pipe Joint Design enter type of bevel used. Example: 30 degree bevel; `.1' bevel; etc. 13. WELDING PROCESS SMAW/GMAW/Automatic/Other - mark the appropriate box to indicate the type of welding process used and if automatic welding equipment was used. Use 'Other' for any other process not listed on the form. 14. FINAL INFORMATION a. Remarks - enter any additional information or comments pertinent to this procedure. b. Prepared By - the Radiographic Technician signs here. c. Approved By - signature of the Company Representative on the project. The procedure is to be reviewed with the Radiographic Technician and the Welding Inspector prior to approval.
-

a. b. c. d.

NOTE: Attach the radiograph used to qualify this procedure.

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Code Reference :

Radiographic Qualification Record

6-53 12/9/91 1.a uProcedure Qualification 1.b Dersonnel Qualification Project: Radiographic Contractor: X-ray Technician: Work Order Number:
1.h

Procedure No.:

1.c

Date:

1.d 1.f

1.e
1.g
SNT-TC-1A

Company: u PEC u TGC uFGT u tther

Cert. Date 1.1 2.aType Radiation: OX-ray Manufacturer: MA: 2.d KV: 2.e Type and Placement: 3 Material: 4.a Rama-Ray

1.i

Qualification Attached u 1.j Level III u 1.k

SNT-TC- I A

Level II

SOURCE 2 FILTER 3

2.b Method: [Internal 0Extental 2.c 2.f Size: 2.g Curies:

SCREENS 4 INTENSIFICATION SCREENS 5 GEOMETRIC ARRANGEMENT 6

Thickness: (front)

4.b

In (back)

In.

FILM DATA 7

FILM PROCESSING 8 EXPOSURE TIMES 9 IQI 10 LETTER/NO. BELT 11 PIPE DATA WELDING PROCESS 13 Remarks: 14a 12

In (back) In. Type: 5.a Thickness: (front) 5.b uDWE/SWV Viewing: 6.a LISWEJSWV uDWE/DWV In. Source to Film Distance 6.b Offset Angle Deg. 6.c In. Source Position: Offset In. Length Wide X No. Exp: 7.a (per item) Film Size: 7.b Film Overlap: 7.d In. In. Diagnostic Readable Length: 7.c Manufacturer: 7.g 7.f Film Type: 7.e Class: Cassette Separation 7.i Deg. 7.i No. Film in Cassette: 7.h Unexposed Base Density: Weld Metal: Exposed Density of: 7.k Parent Metal: 7.1 Equipment Used To Determine Density: 7.n Method: 7.m u Multiple Film u Single Film u Film Position Manual uAutomatic lab 8.a Drying Detail: Manufacture Rinse Time: 8.d Developing Time: 8.c Manufacture Temp: Final Rinse: 8.f 8.g Manufacture Fix Time: 8.e Single Exposure: 9.a Total Exposure Time: I.D. No. 10.a Film Side: 10.e No. per Film 11.b W.T. 12.b Joint Design u Other: 10.c 9.b

IQI Material Type: 10.b 10.d IQI Position: IIa Orientation of Markers Manner of Location 12.a in. Pipe Diameter 12.d Pipe Material: 13 u SMAW u GMAW

Shim Thickness Source Side: Sensitivity Required: 10.f

in.

Grade Ile

12.c

s Automatic

14c Approved By: Prepared By: 14 b COPIES TO: Houston Engineering Construction, Area/Field Office, Originator, Quality Assurance, Original to Engineering Services Required by DOT.

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Radiography
Document No.: 7.0010 Page 32 of 37

Appendix C: Single-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing

This appendix includes diagrams of Single-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing (SWE/SWV).

LOCATION NUMBER

o p

FILM OVERLAP

FILM

44
PIPE

3 -(

SOURCE

SOURCE OF RADIATION IS CENTERED FILM DENSITY IS CONSISTENT

101

-0
P

PIPE

-0 SOURCE

101

\- FILM

Figure 2: Single-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing (SWE/SWV)

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Effective Date:
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Page 33 of 37

Appendix D: Double-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing

This appendix includes diagrams of Double-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing (DWE/SWV).

WELD

p SOURCE V

5 DEGREE MAXIMUM OFFSET

0
1

111L\ FILM

101

Figure 3: Double-wall Exposure for Single-wall Viewing (DWE/SWV)

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Effective Date: Document No.: 7.0010 Page 34 of 37

Code Reference :

03/30/2010

Appendix E: Double-wall Exposure for Double-wall Viewing

This appendix includes diagrams of Double-wall Exposure of Double-wall Viewing (DWE/DWV).

SOURCE OF \ RADIATION

APPROX. 8 -TIMES THE DIAMETER Of THE PIPE\ /T u P BUTTON REFERENCE MARKER SOURCE SIDE PENETRAMETER

PIPE PIPE

APPROX. 4" OFFSET

FILM

Exposure 1
SOURCE POSITION A

90
SOURCE POSITION B

Exposure 2

Figure 4: Double-wall Exposure for Double-wall Viewing

Volume 7 WELDING

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Effective Date:
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Code Reference :

Document No.: 7.0010 Page 35 of 37

Appendix F: API 1104 Limitation for Defects/ Discontinuities Par. No.

This appendix contains an abbreviated list of acceptance criteria for defects and
discontinuities according to API 1104.

Type of Defect

Individual Defect

Defects per 12" Length

9.3.1

Inadequate Penetration

the length of an individual indication of IP exceeds 1"

9.3.2

Inadequate Penetration Due to High-Low

the length of an individual indication of IPD exceeds 2"

9.3.3

Inadequate Cross Penetration

the length of an individual indication of ICP exceeds 2"

9.3.4

Incomplete Fusion

the length of an individual indication of IF exceeds 1"

9.3.5

Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap

the length of an individual indication of IFD exceeds 2"

the aggregate length of indications of IP in any continuous 12" length of weld exceeds 1" or 8% of the weld length in any weld less than 12" in length the aggregate length of indications of IPD in any continuous 12" length of weld exceeds 3" the aggregate length of indications of ICP in any continuous 12" length of weld exceeds 2" the aggregate length of indications of IF in any continuous 12" length of weld exceeds 1" or 8% of the weld length in any weld less than 12" in lent h the aggregate length of indications of IFD in any continuous 12" length of weld exceeds 2" or 8% of the weld length

9.3.6

Internal Concavity

Any length of internal concavity is acceptable, provided the density of the radoigraphic image of the internal concavity does not exxceed that of the thinnest adjacent parent material. For areas that exceed the density of the thinnest adjacent parent material, the criteria for burnthrough are applicable.

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Document No.: 7.0010 Page 36 of 37

Par. No.

Type of Defect

Individual Defect

Defects per 12" length

9.3.7

Burn-Through

the maximum dimension exceeds 1/4" and the density in any portion of the BTs image exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent parent material

9.3.8.2

Elongated Slag Inclusions Pipe Diameter > 2 3i8"

the length of an ESI indication exceeds 2" or the width of an ESI indication exceeds 1/16"

9.3.8.2

Isolated Slag Inclusions Pipe Diameter > 2 3/ 8"

the width of an ISI indication exceeds 1/8"

9.3.8.3

Elongated Slag Inclusions Diameter < 2 3/s"

9.3.8.3

Isolated Slag Inclusion Diameter < 2 3/8"

the length of an ESI indication exceeds three times the thinner of the nominal wall thicknesses joined or the width of an ESI indication exceeds 1/16" the aggregate length of ISI indications exceeds two times the thinner of the nominal wall thicknesses joined and the width exceeds one-half the thinner of the nominal wall thicknesses joined

the sum of the maximum dimensions of separate BTs whose image density for any portion of the BTs exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent parent material and exceeds '" in any continuous 12" length of weld or the total weld length, whichever is less the aggregate length of ESI indications in any continuous 12" length of weld exceeds 2" or the aggregate length of ESI and ISI indications exceeds 8% of the weld length The aggregate length of ISI indications in any continuous 12" length of weld exceeds Y2" or more than four ISI indications with the maximum width of 1 /8" are present in any continuous 12" length of weld or the aggregate length of ESI and ISI indications exceeds 8% of the weld length the aggregate length of ESI and ISI indications exceeds 8% of the weld length

the aggregate length of ESI and ISI indications exceeds 8% of the weld length