chapter 1

eachother Interview in student theclass. 1-ORAL: Pairup withanother EXERCISE with In eachotherto the restof the class. yourconversation the andthenintroduce field of study, residence, person's nativecountry, person, name, find out this other Take notesduringthe interview. or activities hobbies. andfree-time l. Below is on exomple of a possible conversation. A: Hi. My nameis Kunio. B: Hi. My nameis Maria. I'm glad to meetyou. Kunio: I'm glad to meet you, too. Where are you from? Maris: I'm from Mexico. Where are you from? Kunio: I'm from JaPan. Maria: Where are you living now? Kunio: On Fifth Avenuein an apartment.And you? Maria: I'm living in a dorm. Kunio: What is your field of studY? After I study English, I'm going to attend the Schoolof Maria: Business. Administration. How about you? What's your major? Business Kunio: Chemistry. Maria: What do you like to do in your free time? Do you have any hobbies? Kunio: I like to swim. How about You? Maria: I read a lot, and I collect stampsfrom all over the world' Kunio: Really?Would you like somestampsfrom Japan? Maris: Sure! That would be great. Thanks.

Chapter I

Kunio: I have to write your full name on the board when I introduceyou to the class.How do you spell your name? Mariq: My first name is Maria. M-A-R-I-A. My last name is Lopez. L-O-P-E-Z. How do you spell your name? Kunio: My first name is Kunio. K-U-N-I-O. My family name is Akiwa. A-K-I-W-A. Maria: Kunio Akiwa. Is.that right? Kunio: Yes, it is. It's beennice talking with you. Maria: I enjoyedit, too. 2. Later Kunio stands up, writes Maria's full name on the board, and says: I would like to introduceyou to Maria Lopez. Maria, would you please stand up? Thank you. Maria is from Mexico. She'sliving in a dorm. Her field of study is business administration.she likes to read a lot. and her hobby is collectingstampsfrom all over the world. 3. Next Maria introducesKunio to the clqss. What is Maria going to say? 4. write the namesof your classmates your book as they are introducedin in class.

f .1

E XPRESSING ES E NT PR TIME : THES IMP LE RE S E NT ND T HE P RE S E NT P A PROGRESSIVE

TH E S I M P LEP RE S E N T now

(a) | take a showereveryday. (b) Ann usually eats lunchat the cafeteria. (c) The sun shines. (d) The earthrevolves aroundthe sun.

The simplepresent expresses daily habitsor usual actvities. The simplepresent general expresses statements fact. of Basically simple the presentis used for events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually in the past,present, and f uture.

Present Time 3

- -E PR E S E NT RO G RE S SIV E (e) P Bob can'tcometo the phone The presentprogresstve . now right now because s takng expresses activitv he an

a shower. (0 lt's noon.Ann is eatinglunch at the cafeteria right now. (S) lt's a niceday today. The sun is shining.

that is in progress(is ocburring, is happeningl right now.Theeventis in progress the tirnethe at speaker saying is the sentence. eventbegan The in the past,is in progress now,and will probably continue into the future.*

--: :"e se n tpr ogr es s ivis e al s oc a l l e dth e p re s e nc o n ti n u o u s t or

present. conti nuous

3R I MS O F T HE SIMPLE PRESENT :-J -EfulEN

r*i G aT lV E

#l-"" #1."
'"{#}
work?
fix - flxes buzz - DUZZeS

.i;l*,
x" )

W henthe subj ect s i thi rdperson ngul ar si (e.9., she,t, Ann, he, the sun\, add a final .s (or 'es*)to the v,erb.

not (don't)work.

Do not add a final .s to the mai nverb(e.9., She I does not (doesn,t) work. work)in a negative sentence. (IN C OR R E CH e T: doesn'tworks.)

'rJ

; - = S T ION

o""'['l:]*"'*'

Do not add a final .s to the mai nverbi n a questi on. (IN C OR R E CD oeshe T: works?)

'r::

-es if the verbends in .sr, .c, .ss, ,x, ot .zz.

4:sn - wasnes :!ch - catches --ss - passes - : -:

r erb ends i n a c o n s o n a n r + .y, change the .y to i and add .es.

::rdy - s f udle s

try - f/les
buy _ buys

' , : : i i t he v erb e n d s i n a v o w e l + .y, sim p ly a d d .s, laf - pays

Chaprer I

S HO RT AN S W E R

""'[#J
,'"{;}
am working.*

,*' {.ril
{'fi}doesn'r
He She is working. It He She is not (isn't) working. It

F O R M S OF THE PRESENTPRO G RESSI VE

STATEMENT I

You We are working. They you We are not (aren't) They working.
you WE working? they you WE they

N EG A T IV E

am nol working.

, Are

Q U ES T I O N

Am

I working?

ls

ne s n e working? it

S H ORT ANSWER

Yes, I a m. No, I'm not.

ne Yes, s n e it

'" '""'' '"'Ii*J

Yes,

*",f[T ",".Ithe4

'Se e Appendix 2 f o r t h e s p e l l i n g o f wo r d s th a t e n d in .in g .

CONTRACTIONS WITH BE l+ am h e+ is s h e+ is i t+ is y o u+ are W e+ af g t h e y + are = = = = = = I'm h e's sh e'S it's you 're We'fe the y're

am * not = (no contraction) rs + n o t= i s n ' l a re + n o t = d f n ' l

EXERCTSE Comprete sentences using 2: the by the wordsin parentheses. fhe "v'vv 'r' vq'e Use simple present the presentprogrersi*" or l. Shhh. The baby (sleep) for ten hours every night. is sleeping . The bby (steep) sleeps

present Time 5

2. Right now I'm in class.I (sil)

at my desk. I usually (sit)

at the samedeskin classeveryday. 3. Ali (speak)

right now he (speak) 4. Our teacher (stand up, not)

Arabic. Arabic is his native language, but English.

right now. She (sil)

on the corner of her desk. 5. It's 6:00p.m. Mary is at home. She(eal)

always (eat) 6. Alice (take, not) dinner. She

dinner with her family around six o'clock.

the bus to school every day. She instead. right now. The sun (shine)

usually (walk\ 7. It (rain, not)

N
8. It's 7:30 a.m. and the wilsons are in their kitchen. Mrs. wilson (sil) at the breakfast table. She (read)
the morning paper. She (reod)

the newspaperevery a cup of coffee. He (drink)

morning. Mr. Wilson (pour)

two cups of coffee every morning before he (go) to work. There is a cartoon on TV, but the children
(watch, not) it. They Qtlay) with

their toys instead.They usually (watch) morning, but this morning they Qtay, not) to the TV. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson (watch, not) either. They (like, nor\

cartoonsin the any attention the TV

to watch cartoons.

6 Chapter I

EXEROISE 3-ORAL (BooKS cLosED): practiceusing fhe presentprogres Practice usingyourclassmates' names.

(To the teacher:on note cards, write instructionsof actions to be performed- r the note cards out to the closs.Ask student A to perform the action on his or cord, and then ask student B to describethe action. B should useA's hame.) Example: Tescher: StudentA: Teacher: StudentB: stand up Someone's card,says,,,Standup." Would that personplease stand up? (StudentA standsup.) Who is standing up? Maria is standingup.

(After going through all of the actions, collect and redistribute the cards.Ask g dent A to perform the action on his or her card (without your naming it). Ask t dent B to describethe action.) Teacher; StudentA: Teacher: StudentB: Pleaseperform the action on your card. (StudentA scratches hand.) her What is Maria doing? She'sscratching her hand.

(Betow are suggestions actions. To make sure that thtestudentsunderstandt for vocabularyin the instructions on their note cards,you msy wish to perform d the actionsfirst yourself. Also, if you wish, someof the instructionsian requirct useof thingsyou bring to class: is smellinga rose. she is hammeringa nail- t He is eating a piece of candy.) l. stand up 2. smile 3. whistle 4. open or closethe door 5. hum 6. bite your fingernails 7. read your grammar book 8. erasethe board 9. look at the ceiling 10. hold your pen in your left hand I l. rub your palms together 12. kick your desk 13. knock on the door 14. sit on the floor 15. shakehandswith somebody 16. look at your watch 17. count aloud the number of peoplein the room 18. scratchyour head

(As a voriation, ask two or more students to perform an action simultaneondlt order to practice plural forms.)

Present Time 7 EXER C|SE O RA L: 4q uen cy a d ve r bs . Desc ri b ey o u r d a i l ya c ti v i ti e sb y maki ng sentencesw i th f re-

FREQUENCY ADVERBS:* 10090 always

t
I I I { 0Vo

usually
often sometimes seldom rarely neYer

Exomple: StudentA: StudentB: StudentC: Etc.l

eat breakfast I usually eat breakfast. I nevereat breakfast. I alwayseat breakfast.

l. eat breakfast 2. drink coffee in the morning 3. drink more than two cups of coffee in the morning 4. drink tea in the morning 5. drink orange juice in the morning 6. drink tomato juice in the morning 7. drink milk in the mt rning 8. put sugar in your coffee 9. have a sandwich for lunch 10. eat dinner around six o'clock

I l. cometo class 12. get to classon time 13. walk to school 14. take a bus to school 15. take a taxi to school 16. drive to school 17. ride a bike to school 18. watch TV in the evening 19. study at the library 20. do your homework

E X ER CTSE O RA L ( B O O K SC L O S ED ): A n s w e r th e q uesti ons. sWHAT ARE SOME THINGS YOUR RO()MMATE/MOTHER/FATHER/ HUSBAND/WIFE/FRIEND . . . l. always does?

WHAT ARE SOME THINCS Y OU . . . l. always do every day?

*SeeChart 6-7, MIDSENTENCE ADVERBS, in Chapter6 for more information about frequency adverbs. ITo the teacher:Ask for responses from three or four studentsfor each item.

E Chapter t

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

usually do everyday? often do? sometimes do? seldomdo? rarely do? neverdo?

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

usually does? often does? sometimes does? seldomdoes? rarely does? neverdoes?

ExERclsE 6-ORAL (BooKS cLosED): practice usingthe simprepresenr.

(To the teacher:Beginning with the time they get up until the time they go to h get your studentsto tslk qbout their daily activities. Develop and completea h conversstionwith StudentA, and then ask StudentB to telt the class about stud A. Then repeat the process with a different student A and a different studeil Tell Student B to say final -s loudly and clearly.) Example: from 6:00 a.m. ro 9:00 a.m. T: Tell us about your daily activitiesfrom the time you get up until 9:00 a.m. What aresomeof the thingsyou usuallydo? I get up at seven. Always? Usually.I put on my clothes. eatbreakfast. I Do you alwayseat breakfast? Yes. What do you usually have for breakfast? Bread and cheese and coffee. Sometimes I have an egg. T: Do you ever have cerealfor breakfast? A: No, I don't. T: Can you tell us about (. . .)? What does helshe usually do in the morning? B: HelShe usuallygetsup at seven. HelShe puts on his,/herclothes.HelShe eatsbreakfast. T: Always? B: Yes.HelShe alwayseatsbreakfast.HelShe usuallyhasbreadand cheese coffeefor and breakfast, sometimes but helshehasan egg. HelShe neverhas cerealfor breakfast.

Present Time

l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

from 6:00a.m. to 9:00 a.m. from 9:00a.m. to noon from noon to 3:00p.m. from 3:00p.m. to 6:00p.m. from 6:00 p.m. until you go to bed

.I

NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS
h e a r a bir d. lt is s ing i n g . .r h u n gr y . I want a sa n d w i c h .

Someverbsare not used in the presentprogressive. CORRECT:heara bird. (rightnowl I INCORRECT; hearinga bird. l am prefer see thi nk (meaning i eve)I bel understand want

1[ , ,i:* PROG RE S S I V E E RB S V :t i Jte ve ;trang 'te - a re (meaningpos s es s )*

hear know like love need

"rlii-ave expresses possession,it is not used in the present progressive: Tom has a car. ln certain idiomatic *,,;-:,:s ons (e.9.,have a good tme),have can be used in the present progressive:l'm having a good time. 'rrinE- fttinrl means belleve, it is nonprogressive: thnk that grammaris easy. However,when tink expresses I a:-;-ts that are going through a person's mind, it can be used in the present progressive: I'm thinking about Frarrar tght n,w.

EXERCf 7: Complete sentences thewordsin parentheses. the simSE the with Use ple present or the presentprogressive. 1. Right now Yoko (read) is reading an article in the newspaper, but

she(understond, not) doesn'tunderstandit. Someof the vocabulary(be)

too difficult for her.

2. Right now I (look) somewords on the board.

3. | (need)

at the board. I (see) to call my parentstoday and tell them about

my new apartment.They can't call me because they (know, not) my new telephone number. 4. This tea is good. I (like) it. What kind is it? I (prefer)

tea to coffee. How about vou?

PresentTime ll

B: Yes,

she does.

. She (have) a ten-speed bike.

has

2. A: (it, rain) 0 0e B: No, it

right now? . At least, I (think, not\

3. A: Qr,ou,like) B: No, I sweetones. 4. A: Qtourfriends, write) B: Yes, lots of lettersall the time. 5. A: (the students, take) B: No, an exercise. 6. A: Qtou, know) B: No, 7. A: Qtour desk, have) B: Yes, six drawers.

sour oranges? (tike)

a lot of letters?

I (set)

a test in classright now? . They (do)

Tom Adams? . I've never met him. any drawers?

It (have)

8. A: (Jean, study) B: No, at the student union. She(play) her boyfriend.

at the library this evening? She (e) pool with

12 Chapter I

A: (Jeon,play) B: No,

pool everyevening? . She usually (study)

at the library.

A: (she, be) B: Yes, pool a lot. A: Qttou, know) B: Yes,

very good.

a good pool player?

. She (play)

how to play pool? BUI I (be, not)

Use by the EXERCISE Complete sentences usingthe wordsin parentheses. fhe 9: progressive. Some are Someof the sentences negative. or simpte present the present if to the Supply shortanswer a question necessary are of the sentences questions. l. A: Whereare the children? B: In the living room. A: What are they doing? (they, watch)
B : No, 2. A: Shhhh. | (hesr)

TV?
a game.

. They rphy)
a noise. (tou, hear)

it too? B: Yes, 3. A: My sister (have) month. B: (tou, have) I wonder what it is. a new car. Shebought it last a car?

. Do you? A: No, bike. B: No, but I have a ten-speed 4. A: Shhhh. B: Why? (the baby, sleep) A: Uh-huh. She (rafre) B: Okay, I'll talk softly. I (want, not) up. 5. A: Ron, (be) this vour hat? her afternoonnap. to wake her

Present Time f3

B: No,

. lt (belong, not)

to me.

Maybe it (belong) him about it? A: .Okay.

6. Al Johnny, (,tou, listen' B: Of course I am, Mom. You (want)

to Howard. Why don't you ask

to me?
me to take out

the garbage.Righr? A: Right! And right now!

7. A: What Q,tou,think) asleep?

about everynight before you fall

about all of the pleasant things that

B: I (think)

happened during the day. | (think, not) about my problems. 8. A: A penny for your thoughts! B: Huh? A: What Qou, think) about right now? B: | (think) about English grammar. | (think, not) about anhing else.
A: I (believe, not') B: But it's true.

you! any tongue-twisters?

Here's one: She sells sea shells down bv the

9. A: (tou, know) B: Yes,

seashore. A:

That (e) hard to say! Can you saythis: Suewears cheap shoes to zoos to look at sheep.

B: That (make, not) A: I (know)

any sense.

10. A: Stou, see) that man over there? B: Which man? The man in the brown iacket? A: No, I (talk)
about the man who (wear)

the blue shirt. B: Oh. that man.

A: B: Qrtou,know) No, | (think, not)

him? so. him either.

A: I (know, not)

14

Chapter I

EXERCISE 10-WRITTEN: Writeaboutyour classmates' immediate activities. (To the teacher:Divide the classinto two groups, I and II. Ask Group I to do onything they feel like doing (stand up, falk, look out the window, etc.). Ask Group II to describein writing the immediate activities of the studentsin Group I (9.g., Ali is talking to Ricardo. Yoko is scratchingher chin. Spyrosis leaning againstthe wall.) It is helpful to encourageGroup I to do interestingor unusuol things. Later, reversethe rolesof Group I and II, with Group II acting and Group I writing.)

prepositional EXERCISE 11-ORAL: Usethefollowing expressions place senof in tences. Talkaboutthingsand people the classroom. in Perform actions demonto stratethe meaning the expressions necessary. if of Example: on (the) top of Responses:My book is on (the) top of my desk. My pen is on (the) top of my book. My hand is on (the) top of my head. l. on (the)top of 2. above 3. under/below 4. next tolbeside 5. against 6. in front of 7. in back oflbehind 8. between 9. among 10. in ll. on 12. next to 13. across from 14. near,/close to 15. far away from 16. in the front of 17. in the middleof 18. in the back of 19. at the top of 20. at the bottom of 21. in the corner of 22. on the corner of

EXERCISE 12-PREPOSITIONS: Complete sentences the with prepositions. This prepositions followadjectives. Appendix for a list of exercise (See contains that 4 preposition nations.) combi
l.

Mr. Porter is nice

everyone. classyesterday.

2. Kathy was absent

PresentTime 15

J.

Jack's thermosbottle is full Tom. Tom. dogs?

coffee.

4. I'm angry 5. I'm mad 6. Are you afraid peoplearen't kind 1. Sometimes 8. One inch is equal 9. ['m thirsty

animals.

2.54 centimeters. a big glassof ice water.

evervone.

10. Joe has good manners.He's alwayspolite lt. I'm not familiar

that book. Who wrote it? the test?

me.

12. Are you ready

13. I don't understand that sentence.t isn't clear I t4. Mark Twain is famous Mississippi the nineteenth in century. 15. I'm hungry

his novels about life on the

somechocolateice cream.

16. Our daughter graduatedfrom the university.We're very proud her. 17. A lot of sugarisn't good your teeth. 18. Who was responsible 19. My coat is similar Al's. 20. Somepeoplearen't friendly strangers.
the accident?

you. Sugaris especially bad

yours, but different