-1XV.

Nursing Theories

Neuman, Betty Betty Neumanns System model presents levels of defenses wherein a sickness may progress deeper into the individuals core structure. The stronger the defense that the individual has, lesser is the probability of that person to get sick, and vice versa. It also presents how each layer of defense brings about a level of prevention. According to this history, there are three levels of prevention namely: 1. Primary prevention, which reduces the possibility of encounter with stressors and strengthens the flexible line of defenses; 2. Secondary prevention, which is responsible for early case-finding and treatment of symptoms; and 3. Tertiary prevention, which focuses mainly on readaptation, reeducation for the prevention of future occurrances, and maintenance of stability. Ling has gone through all the levels of preventions and back. Her first onset of a breast mass was over and done, which put her all the way from Secondary prevention to Tertiary prevention. But a second onset a few years later would put her back to the second level of prevention, and again back to the thirds level of prevention. Knowing this, we must keep in mind that any patient can go from one level of prevention to another and to another, yet again. This is manly why nurses exist. We are at the patients bedside to offer whatever we can to ensure the welfare of each of our patients. When it comes to Ling, she as in the hospital and was then in the Secondary prevention. As nurses, we were there to take care of patients, making sure that infection outside the hospital. After treating the symptoms of her sickness, she can then readapt to maintain the stability if her health. If all goes well during her Tertiary level of prevention, she will have a very healthy and sickness-free life ahead of her.

Leninger, Madelline In the 1940s, Leininger (1991) recognized the importance of caring to nursing.

Statements of appreciation for nursing care made by patients alerted her to caring values and led to her longstanding focus on care as the dominant ethos of nursing. During the mid 1050s, she experienced what she describes as cultural shock while she was working in a child guidance home in the Midwestern United States. While working as a clinical nurse specialist with disturbed children and their parents, she observed recurrent behavioral differences among the children and concluded that these differences had cultural base. She identified a lack of knowledge of the childrens culture as the missing link to understand the variations in care of clients. Ling is a Filipino. She teaches in public school. Knowing this, we knew that it was obvious how we should approach her: Having a warm and happy voice will immediately catch the attention of the patient and will have a presumption that the student nurse is friendly and approachable.

Henderson, Virginia Definition of nursing was very unique and specific that if not all most of what she wrote can still be applied today. It can even be applied outside the hospital setting and still serve as a guide for healthier living. According to the theory, a person is healthy if he/she can. 1. Breath normally, 2. Eat and drink adequately, 3. Eliminate body waste, 4. Move and maintain desirable postures 5. Sleep and rest, 6. Select suitable clothes- dress and undress, 7. Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment, 8. Keep the body clean, 9. Avoid dangers: environmental and injuring others, 10. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears or opinions, 11. Worship according to ones faith, 12. Work with sense of accomplishment, 13. Play or participate in recreational activity. 14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available facilities. All of these are essential for the patient to live a healthy life. The components that are usually closely taken cared of by nurses are numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10 if this component are not taken cared of, the nurse may have failed tp ensure the patient of a healthy life. However, there are component that the s patient herself can only influence,

which are 6,9,11,12,13,14. Therefore, a healthy life isnt provided by the nurse alone, Ling has a very crucial role in promoting good health.