Random Stu during Midterm Break: Future of Human Blood Type

Andreas Dwi Maryanto Gunawan February 23, 2013

The question starts with a friend asking me, Why are there more people with blood type O than the rest type of blood, while O is considered as a recessive gene type?. This makes me think for a while, and make this article First, assume A and B are similar but not identical. Then we can assume that the number of people with blood type AA is the same as number of people with blood type BB. Similarly, AO = BO. Assume that marriage us a uniformly distributed event among the population. Suppose in percentage, we have: people with blood type AA (of course, BB as well) people with blood type AO (of course, BO as well) people with blood type OO people with blood type AB This assumption also implies 2 + 2 + + = 1. Suppose the population distribution is stable (i.e. under no extreme sudden changes like disaster, disease, or so, population distribution will not change). This also means, probability that a baby was born with XY blood type should be equal with the fraction od XY blood type in the population. Then we have: Equation 1: = P(AA was born) = 100% P (AAxAA) + 2 50% P (AAxAO) + 2 50%P (AAxAB)+ 2 25% P (AOxAO) + 2 25% P (AOxAB) + 25% P (ABxAB) 1 1 1 =+++ + + 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 = 2 + + + + + 2 2 4

Equation 2: = P(AO was born) = 2 100% P (AAxOO) + 2 50% P (AAxAO) + 2 50%P (AAxBO) + 50% P (AOxAO) + 2 50% P (AOxOO) + 2 50% P (ABxOO) + 2 25% P (ABxAO) + 2 25% P (ABxBO) + 2 25% P (AOxBO) 1 =2+++ + 2 1 1 1 ++ + + 2 2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + + + Equation 3: = P(OO was born) = 100% P (OOxOO) + 2 50% P (AOxOO) + 2 50%P (BOxOO) + 2 25% P (AOxBO) =+++ 1 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 Equation 4: = P(AB was born) = 2 100% P (AAxBB) + 2 50% P (AAxAB) + 2 50%P (ABxBB) + 2 50% P (AAxBO) + 2 50% P (AOxBB) + 50% P (ABxAB) + 2 25% P (ABxBO) + 2 25% P (AOxAB) + 2 25% P (AOxBO) 1 1 1 1 =2+++++ + + + 2 2 2 2 1 1 = 22 + 2 + 2 + 2 + + 2 2 2 Now, deduct third equation from second equation, we have 1 = (2 + 2 + 2 + + ) ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 2 1 = (2 + )( + ) + 2 2 2 1 = (1 2 )( + ) + 2 2 2 simplifying the equation, we get = 3 2 + 2 + 2 4 1 2

Compare this result to third equation, this implies = 0. Substitute = 0 to equation 3, we get must be either 0 or 1. Easy to see, this implies either theres only OO blood type, or there are three blood types: AA, BB, AB, with ratio 1:1:2.