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International J ournal of Computer Trends and Technology- volume3Issue1- 2012
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 176
III. BASIC PROPERTIES
Since the model (1) monitors human populations,
all the associated parameters and state variables are
non-negative t 0(it is easy to show that the state
variables of the model remain non-negative for all
non-negative initial conditions). Consider the
biologically feasible region,
u=](S,E,I,R)
+
4
:N
x
Lemma 1: The closed set u is positively invariant
and attracting
Proof: Adding the four equations the model (1)
gives the rate of change of the total human
population:
dN
dt
= z pN. Thus, the total human population
(N) is bounded above by
x
, So that
dN
dt
=0 whenever
N(t) =
x
+(N
0
x
)c
-t
. In particular, N(t) =
x
. If N(0) =
x
,
hence , the region u attracts all solutions in
+
4
.
Since the region u is positively invariant and
attracting (Lemma 1), it is sufficient to consider the
dynamics of the flow generated by the model (1) in u
where the usual existence, uniqueness, continuation
results hold for the system(that is, the system(1) is
mathematically and epidemiologically well posed in
u).
IV.ANALYSIS OF THE MODEL
We consider the human population model, given
by the four systems of equations. Hence, it is
sufficient to consider the dynamics of the human
system in u.
A. Stability of the Disease-Free Equilibrium
(DFE)
The model equation (1.0) has a DFE given by n
0
=
(S
,E
,I
,R
) =(
x
N
0 0
_ V = [
y +p o
0 o +p
FI
-1
=_
[S
c
N(c+)(y+)
[S
N(y+)
0 0
_
It follows that the basic reproduction number of the
model (1.0) denoted by R
0
is given by
R
0
=
[S
c
N(c+)(y+)
=
[xc
N(c+)(y+)
The Jacobian of (1.0) at the equilibrium point
n
0
=(
x
,0,0,0) is
J(S
,E
,I
,R
) =
[I
p 0
[S
[I
(o +p)
[S
0 0 (y +p)
0 0 y
0
0
0
p
J(
x
,0,0,0) =
p 0
-[x
N
0 (o +p)
[x
N
0 0 (y +p)
0 0 y
0
0
0
p
In the absence of infection E
=I
,0,0,0) is
Its eigen values are
|[ zI|=
_
_
p z 0
-[x
N
0 (o +p) z
[x
N
0 0 (y +p) z
0 0 y
0
0
0
p z
_
_
z
1
=p,z
2
= (o +p),z
3
= (y +p),z
4
= p
Theorem 1 : The Disease-Free Equilibrium(DFE)
of the model equation (1.0), given by n
0
, is locally
asymptotically stable(LAS) if R
0
<1, and unstable
if R
0
>1.Thus this theorem 1 implies that measles
can be eliminated for the human population (when
R
0
<1) if the initial sizes of the sub-populations of
the model equation are in the basin of attraction of
the DFE, n
0
.
Proof: As z
1
and z
2
are negative, we also see that
z
3
onJ z
4
are both negative too. We realized that,
using the Routh-Hurwitz theorem, it is the case when
z
3
+z
4
<0 and z
3
z
4
>0
i.e. z
3
+z
4
= (y +2p) <0 is truc, we also
have z
3
z
4
=(y +p)p >0 is also true.
International J ournal of Computer Trends and Technology- volume3Issue1- 2012
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 177
B. Global Stability of the DFE
We define, first of all the region
={(S,E,I,R)
+
4
:S S
}
Lemma 2: The region
is positively invariant
and attracting
Proof: It should be noted that the region u is
shown to be positively invariant and attracting
(Lemma 1).We simplify the equation(1.0)
dS
dt
=z
[SI
N
pS
z pS
=p(S
S)
Hence, S(t) S
(S
S(0))c
-t
(note that
dS
dt
<0 if S(t)>S
is attracting and
positively invariant.
We ascertain the following result
Theorem2: The DFE of the model equation(1.0)
given by n
0
is GAS (Globally Asymptotically Stable)
in
, whenever R
0
1.If R
0
>1 then the DFE is
unstable and EE is LAS.
Proof: Infection free equilibrium is LAS if R
0
<1,
infection or Disease free equilibrium is an unstable
saddle with vector into u when R
0
>1. We consider
the Liapunov function V =oE +(o +p)I
I
=
v
L
L
t
+
v
I
I
t
<0
I
=(o _
[SI
N
(o +p)] E +((o +p)oE
(y +p))I 0
I
=(o _
[SI
N
(o +p)] E +((o +p)oE
(y +p))I 0
I
=
[cSI
N
(y +p)I 0
Since
[SI
N
y +p
Where I