WHAT IS CANCER? A large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body.

ETIOLOGY/CAUSATIVE FACTORS Viruses & Bacteria- Hepa B, HPV, HIV & H.Pylori Chemical carcinogens- smoking, food intake (high fat, low fiber, processed foods & alcohol) Physical stressors- radiation, exposure to irritants, exposure to sunlight Hormonal factors- esp. estrogen Genetic factors- 60% cause by genetic make-up and family history

WARNING SIGNS OF CANCER The Department of Health adopted the American Cancer Societys term C-A-U-T-I-ON to help recognize the seven early signs of cancer. It was adopted by the Department of Health. Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore Nagging cough or hoarseness

PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR CANCER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Avoid Smoking and Exposure to Smoke Practice Sun Safety and Recognize When Skin Changes Occur Eat Your Fruits and Veggies and avoid foods with preservatives Limit Red Meat and Animal Fat Limit Your Alcohol Intake Exercise for Cancer Prevention Know Your Personal and Family Medical History Know What You're Being Exposed to in Your Work Environment Get Screened for Cancer Regularly

WHAT IS HYPERTENSION? -Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure, sometimes called arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressurein the arteries is elevated. This requires the heart to work harder than normal to circulate blood through the blood vessels. Blood pressure is summarised by two measurements, systolic and diastolic, which depend on whether the heart muscle is contracting (systole) or relaxed between beats (diastole). Normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of 100-140mmHg systolic (top reading) and 60-90mmHg diastolic (bottom reading). High blood pressure is said to be present if it is persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg. CAUSES The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several factors and conditions may play a role in its development, including: Smoking Being overweight or obese Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 1. Uncomplicated high blood pressure usually occurs without any symptoms (silently) and so hypertension has been labeled "the silent killer." It is called this because the disease can progress to finally develop any one or more of the several potentially fatal complications such as heart attacks or strokes. Uncomplicated hypertension may be present and remain unnoticed for many years, or even decades. This happens because there are no symptoms, and those affected fail to undergo periodic blood pressure screening. 2. Some people with uncomplicated hypertension, however, may experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness,shortness of breath, and blurred vision usually with blood pressure that is very high. PREVENTIVE MEASURES: Losing weight if you are overweight or obese. Quitting smoking. Eating a healthy diet, including the DASH diet (eating more fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy products, less saturated and total fat). Reducing the amount of sodium in your diet to less than 1,500 milligrams a day if you have high blood pressure. Healthy adults need to limit their sodium intake to no more 2,300 milligrams a day (about 1 teaspoon of salt). Getting regular aerobic exercise (such as brisk walking at least 30 minutes a day, several days a week). Limiting alcohol to two drinks a day for men, one drink a day for women.

What is Diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Risk Factors Family History Obesity Race Age (45 years old and above) Previously identified impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance Hypertension ( 140/90mmHg) HDL Cholesterol levels (equal or less than 35mg/dl) and Triglyceride level (equal or greater than 250 mg/dl) History of gestational diabetes or delivery of babies over 9lb Signs and symptoms: Polyuria (frequent urination) Polydipsia (Increased Thirst) Polyphagia (Increased Hunger) Fatigue and Weakness Vision changes Tingling and numbness of the feet Dry skin Wounds that are slow to heal Preventive Measures and Managing Diabetes Mellitus: Nutritional therapy Exercise Monitor glucose levels and ketones Pharmacologic therapy