CONTENTS

Contributors Preface Acknowledgments ix xiii xv 13. Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block 14. Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block 15. Axillary Brachial Plexus Block 16. Wrist Block 167 175 187 199 207 217 229 230 241 249 250 258 267 281 291 303

SECTION 1

17. Cutaneous Nerve Blocks of the Upper Extremity 18. Lumbar Plexus Block 19. Sciatic Block Part 1. Transgluteal Approach Part 2. Anterior Approach 20. Popliteal Sciatic Block Part 1. Intertendinous Approach Part 2. Lateral Approach 21. Femoral Nerve Block 22. Ankle Block 23. Thoracic Paravertebral Block 55 71 81 95 24. Intercostal Block

FOUNDATIONS OF PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS

1. Essential Regional Anesthesia Anatomy Admir Hadzic and Carlo Franco 2. Local Anesthetics: Clinical Pharmacology and Rational Selection Jeff Gadsden 3

29

3. Equipment for Peripheral Nerve Blocks 41 Ali Nima Shariat, Patrick M. Horan, Kimberly Gratenstein, Colleen McCally, and Ashton P. Frulla 4. Electrical Nerve Stimulators and Localization of Peripheral Nerves Martin Simpel and Andre van Zundert 5. Monitoring and Documentation Je Gadsden 6. Indications for Peripheral Nerve Blocks Je Gadsden 7. Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Outpatients Brian M. Ilfeld, Elizabeth M. Renehan, and F. Kayser Enneking 8. Regional Anesthesia in the Anticoagulated Patient Honorio T. Benzon 9. Toxicity of Local Anesthetics Steven Dewaele and Alan C. Santos 10. Neurologic Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks Je Gadsden

SECTION 3

INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA

25. Bier Block 313

107 119

SECTION 4

FOUNDATIONS OF ULTRASOUNDGUIDED NERVE BLOCKS

26. Ultrasound Physics Daquan Xu 323 335

127

27. Optimizing an Ultrasound Image Daquan Xu

SECTION 2

SECTION 5

NERVE STIMULATOR AND SURFACEBASED NERVE BLOCK TECHNIQUES

11. Cervical Plexus Block 12. Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block 139 149

ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NERVE BLOCKS

28. Ultrasound-Guided Cervical Plexus Block 29. Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block 345 353

viii

Contents

30. Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block 31. Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block 32. Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block 33. Ultrasound-Guided Forearm Blocks 34. Ultrasound-Guided Wrist Block 35. Ultrasound-Guided Femoral Nerve Block 36. Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliaca Block 37. Ultrasound-Guided Obturator Nerve Block 38. Ultrasound-Guided Saphenous Nerve Block 39. Ultrasound-Guided Sciatic Block Part 1. Anterior Approach Part 2. Transgluteal and Subgluteal Approach 40. Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Sciatic Block 41. Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Block 42. Common Ultrasound-Guided Truncal and Cutaneous Blocks Part 1. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAP) Part 2. Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Nerve Blocks Part 3. Rectus Sheath Block Part 4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block

361 369 377 385 391 397 405 411 419 427 428 433 441 451 459 460 463 465 467

SECTION 6

ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NEURAXIAL AND PERINEURAXIAL BLOCKS

43. Introduction Manoj Karmakar and Catherine Vandepitte 44. Spinal Sonography and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Central Neuraxial Blockade Wing Hong Kwok and Manoj Karmakar 45. Sonography of Thoracic Paravertebral Space and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block Catherine Vandepitte, Tatjana Stopar Pintaric, and Philippe E. Gautier 473

475

497

46. Ultrasound of the Lumbar Paravertebral Space and Considerations for Lumbar Plexus Block 503 Manoj Karmakar and Catherine Vandepitte

SECTION 7

ATLAS OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED ANATOMY

SECTION 8

509

ATLAS OF SURFACE ANATOMY

669

Index

681

CONTENTS FOR DVD

5 NERVE BLOCKS FOR 95% OF INDICATIONS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Block Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Block Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Block Ultrasound-Guided Femoral Nerve Block Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Block