EIE-239 E-TOOL Work package 5 Handbook Doc. no. WP5-D1 20.02.2007 Prep.by R.

Scherer

EIE 329 E-TOOL Deliverable WP5 D1 Handbook

Girona 20th February 2007 Prepared by: DEUCA ENERGIA S.L. Distributed to EIE-agency and E-TOOL partners

e-tool handbook
users manual for energy rating of existing buildings

Content
1. Introduction Objective Download the E-TOOL calculation program Outcome of the testing of buildings with E-TOOL Limitations in use Benchmarks 2. Methodology E-TOOL User Data Sheets E-TOOL process E-TOOL report 3. Software manual General Data of the Building General data Consumption Data Energy consumption General Characteristics of the Building Climatization systems Domestic hot water (DHW) Lighting Thermal envelope Summary Data sheet Questionnaire 4. Best practice Denmark Austria Greece Spain Bulgaria Slovenia 5. Contact Annex E-TOOL data intake sheets and screen dumps 3 3 3 3 4

5 6 6

8 9 11 11 12 12 15 15 16 19 20 20 21 22 24 26 29 32 35 39

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1. Introduction
Objective
The overall objective of the E-TOOL is to develop a building energy rating tool and promote the implementation of the EU building performance directive. With a focus on an operational and simple tool. E-TOOL is developed as a common tool for European countries, accommodating regional climate conditions and regional practices of building construction. The E-TOOL handbook is a guide for professionals, to identify energy savings in existing buildings, based on the actual energy consumption (operational rating) and to report the most cost effective saving measures to the building owner. The E-TOOL handbook is a users manual for the E-TOOL calculation program.

Download the E-TOOL calculation program

The E-TOOL calculation program can be downloaded from www.e-tool.org

Results of the rating of buildings with E-TOOL

The results of the E-TOOL rating comprises following items: 1. Guidelines for typical energy saving measures including costs estimations for different classications of existing buildings. Energy performance requirements after energy retrotting, for different categories of buildings. Bench-marking of energy consumption of different categories of existing domestic, commercial and public buildings.

2.

3.

Limitations in use
The E-TOOL is based on the operational rating method that requires transparent and representative data of the buildings.

Benchmarks
The benchmarking of the energy consumption of buildings in based on a statistical evaluation of energy audits that have been performed with the present E-TOOL. Further information on benchmarks is availible on www.e-tool.org.

2. Methodology
The E-TOOL is intended to be a simple and operational tool for energy rating of existing buildings. E-TOOLSET methodology has three main parts. E-TOOL User Data Sheets E-TOOL Process E-TOOL Report

E-TOOL User Data Sheets

The E-TOOL User Data Sheets, are divided into two different columns. Data collection: General data of the building: Location Category Shape and physical data Climatized Area Climate Data (Degree days) Heating, Cooling, Domestic Hot Water, Lighting, Envelope characteristics. Energy consumption: Based on metered consumption.

Selection of saving measures: Typical saving measures in each country, such as Changing of boilers Changing of windows Insulation of walls Installation of solar panels

E- TOOL process
Internal calculations The E-TOOL uses several correlations and saving coefcients to calculate the energy savings obtained with each saving measures.

Additional information The E-TOOL needs several inputs values that will have to be dened by each country: Average consumption percentage of each use (heating, cooling) depending on the type of building and the climatic zone. Price of saving measures: The E- TOOL will include the price of the saving measures for Spain, but as the construction market prices differ a lot between countries, each country should include their own construction prices. Energy prices and annual rate of increase. CO2 emissions of each fuel type.

E- TOOL report
The Final report is obtained after E-TOOL internal process and will include information about potential savings, initial investment, payback time and CO2 savings for each saving measures. The E-TOOL user must select the best ve saving measures, according to the payback time and the energy savings achieved. Then, the E-TOOL calculates: Total potential savings Total investment cost of energy saving measures Payback time of the energy saving measures Total CO2 savings Initial E-TOOL result Final E-TOOL result

Methodology

E-TOOL User - Data Sheets

Data Collection
Location Category Shape and physical data

Saving Measures Selection

-Heating -Cooling -Domestic Hot Water -Lighting -Envelope

1.-General Data Building

2.-Data Consumption

Fuel type Annual consum Consumption included

DATA BASE
-Energy saving coefficients for saving measures. -Correlations to calculate energy savings depending on measures characteristics.

INPUTS FOR EACH COUNTRY

E-TOOL PROCESS

-Prices of saving measures. -Average consumption value depending on the type of building and the climatic zone. -Energy prices and annual rate of increase. -CO emissions.
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E-TOOL Report
Potential savings, initial investments, pay-back times, CO savings for all saving measure initially selected.
2

Best five energy saving measures selection

Total potential savings Total investment cost of energy saving measures Payback time of the energy saving measures Total CO savings Initial E-Tool Benchmark Final E-Tool Benchmark
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3. Software manual
General instructions E-TOOL has been developed to give data of the implementation of saving measures in existing buildings, quantifying the saving of energy and CO2 emissions and cost-benet of these measures.

Instructions to ll in the formulary In order to ll in the following forms, please read carefully the instructions below. Each time that a building is going to be evaluated, a different name should be given to each work le in order to keep up the initial version. To save the document just click on the save button and next it will appear a dialog box to write the name of the document. In order to start introducing building characteristics click in the start button in the Front Page.

Essential advices to run the software correctly 1. All the boxes existing must be lled in (if the user forget to ll any box, a message appears). In the saving measures only ll in the desired ones. 2. When introducing numeric values the decimal separador will depend on the regional settings. Take care when introducing the glass coefcient K. 3. User can print the whole document or just parts of it, click on print in the menu bar. 4. When opening the excel sheet macros must be tted out, if this does not happen they must be tted out. To do this the conguration must be changed, in the Excel sheet go to Tools in the menu bar, then Options/ Security/Macros security and here the selection must be changed to Medium or Low.

General data of the building

This form will be lled in with the shape and physical data of the building, and the location characteristics. There are also some elds of general information.

General data
Climatic zone: All the countries do not have the same climatic in the whole area. This fact has a direct inuence in the percentage of consumption by categories and by type of building. Depending on the selection the program will take the data from different cells of the consumption data table of the data sheet. This table (Figure 1) must include values in all the boxes even when the country only has one climatic zone. In case of having only one climatic zone it does not matter the climatic zone selected because all have the same value. In Figure 1 of having only one climatic zone is represented. Figure 1: Porcentual energy consumption (kWh annual)
Heating cooling lighting equipment DHW

warm Zone 44,2 % Single dwelling medium Zone 44,2 % cold Zone 44,2 %

20,3 % 20,3 % 20,3 %

5,0 % 5,0 % 5,0 %

16,0 % 16,0 % 16,0 %

14,5 % 14,5 % 14,5 %

Degree-days of heating (DDH): DDH are calculated as the sum of all the differences between the average month temperature and 15C. The base temperature is the one over which the DDH introduced in this box have been calculated. Degree-days of cooling (DDC): DDC are calculated as the sum of all the differences between the average month temperature and 18C. The base temperature is the one over which the DDC introduced in this box have been calculated. Type of Building: A cross will be made on the box from the list below corresponding to the building in evaluation. Public building category has not been considered due to the wide construction typology that can have. Total area of the building or dwelling: Useful area. Total volume of the building or dwelling: Useful volume. Heavyweight construction: when the construction is a typical one, that consists of a wall of brick or a wall of concrete blocks with inner insulation, an air chamber, a narrow brick wall and a layer plaster or similar. Lightweight construction: when the construction is a typical one that consists of a wall of brick or a wall of concrete blocks with outer insulation, an air chamber, a narrow brick wall and a plaster layer or similar. Window total area: This value is very important to the further calculation of the saving measures applied to the windows. Window total perimeter: This value should be measure by the tester, and as the window total area, it is very important for the calculation of the saving measures applied to the windows.

Heated area: In this box only the m2 of the different sites in the building (rooms, aisles, premises, atrium ) where there is a heating system will be recorded. Cooled area: In this box only the m2 of those sites in the building (rooms, aisles, atrium ) where there is a cooling system will be recorded. Heated volume: In this box only the m3 of those sites in the building (rooms, aisles, atrium ) where there is a heating system will be recorded. Cooled volume: In this box only the m3 of those sites in the building (rooms, aisles, atrium ) where there is a cooling system will be recorded. Example: The heated atrium of a building would count on box Heated area with its useful area, adding on the rest of the building surfaces. In the box Heated volume the total volume of the atrium will be added to the rest of the building volume. Area limiting with unconditioned spaces: Total area of the conditioned zone that is adjacent to the unconditioned spaces.

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Consumption data
Energy consumption
Three invoice boxes (all the same), which will be enough to ll in the data of energy consumption of the building, have been included here. In each invoice box only the data belonging to the same invoice shall be lled in (only one supplier). i.e. the box Annual consumption shall be lled in with the data from the invoice of the light supplying company, box Annual consumption shall be lled in with the data from the invoice of the gas supplying company so will be done with the others. If, by instance, all the expenses are electrical, therefore there is only one invoice, only one box will be lled in leaving the others empty. Fuel type: This box will be lled in with the invoice of the fuel used, that is, electricity, natural gas, oil, coal, biomass Units: This box will be lled in with the fuel measure unit. For each type of fuel there are specic units to introduce its energetic consumption. In case of selecting an incorrect unit, an error message will appear till a suitable unit is chosen. Consumption included in this invoice: Here, the different items included on the invoice should be marked with an X. Example 1. A school where heating and cookers are run with gas, and lighting, the rest of the equipment (dishwashers, washing machines) and DHW (domestic hot water) production run with electricity. The lighting, the equipment and DHW sections, in the box corresponding to the electricity invoice should be marked with an X and the heating and the equipment sections corresponding to the gas invoice. A building where the heating is based on a gas oil boiler and the rest is electrical, the lighting, the equipment, DHW and the cooling (if it exists) in the box of the electricity invoice should be marked with an X and the heating sections in the box belonging to the invoice of the gas oil supplier.

Example 2.

Total consumption (kWh): This box shall not be lled in, because it is automatically lled in by the program. It gives the total consumption in kWh.

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General characteristics of the building

This form is made up of two data columns on each page. The one on the left makes reference to the building equipment as the current situation regarding climatization, lighting, DHW, occupation and building closure systems, whereas the one on the right contains a set of possible measures to be performed starting on the original equipment in order to improve the thermal comfort of the building and to reduce the energy consumption. To ll this form in it will be enough to mark those boxes where the equipment described exist.

Climatization systems
Heating system Heating: This box gives the heating consumption in kWh/year per square meter heated, before installing the savings measures.

Type: Individual: This box should be selected when each dwelling has its own heating system. Central: Central heating refers to heating systems where a building or an area (district) are supplied with the same heating system. System: To avoid a wide range of possibilities, it have been selected the most representative systems which implementation cost are known and with a value more or less constant. Boiler + radiator: this selection includes any type of heating system by water, that consists of a boiler and emissive elements, independently of the type of boiler, the type of fuel or the emissive elements. Individual heaters: this selection includes any heating system without boiler, in which the emissive elements are independent between them (wood heater, electrical radiators ) and independent of the used fuel. District Heating Heat pump: This system implies a heat pump used to heat air, that would be delivered to heat the dwelling, the hotel ...

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Figure 2

State of the installation: Age of the installation. Fuel Type. Type of fuel used by the heating system. NOTE: Depending on the selected boxes there would be activated different saving measures. Depending if the system is individual or central, different types of systems can be selected, each type of system also gives rise to choose between different kinds of fuels. In case there is a mistake in the selection, an error message appears: Heating system characteristics not considered. Check the boxes.

Saving measures: Those measures applicable to the building will be lled in, depending on the data collected of the general characteristics of the building. It should be taken into account the viability of the saving measures to adopt. There are some saving measures that have not been considered due either to the low energy relevancy that they have or to the incongruences. If they are selected there would appear after clicking the forward box a message saying Saving option not considered for these heating characteristics. Choose another one Installing a modern boiler: This measure consists of changing the existing boiler to a condensation one without changing the original fuel type. Changing boiler + fuel: This measure consists of changing the existing boiler to a condensation one changing the original fuel type to: Gas: In case that a pre-installation of this fuel exists. Oil: In case that a pre-installation of gas does not exist. Biomass: In case that a pre-installation of biomass does not exist. Installing an individual heat pump: This measure consists of substituting the original heating system to a high efciency heat pump.

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Insulate the pipes: When this box is marked, the number of meters that would be insulated must be introduced. Installing thermostat: In case of marking this box, the one below should be lled in to have savings, because if it is not marked there would be no savings. The number of thermostat that would be placed must be indicated here. Reducing heating set point (C): This box allow to reduce the habitual set point in the dwelling in study as much of 5C.

Cooling system
Cooling: This box gives the cooling consumption in kWh/year per square meter cooled, before installing the saving measures. System: To avoid a wide range of possibilities, it have been selected the most representative systems which implementation cost are known and with a value more or less constant. Absorption: This box should be marked if the installation has an absorption system. Saving measures: This box gives the heating consumption in kWh/year in square meter cooled before installing the savings measures. Installing HVAC with fancoils or other systems: This measure consists of changing the existing HVAC to a system running with fancoils with one or more inner units and with one or more outer units, which would work as compressors or as compressors/condensers depending on the use of the system as heating or as heat pump. There are other systems of HVAC that usually are centralized with heat production or with cooled water trough boilers, coolers or heat pumps, that can also have and additional contribution of outer air. Installing thermostat: In case of marking this box, the one below should be lled in to have savings, because if it is not marked there would be no savings. Increasing cooling set point (C): This box allow to increase the habitual set point in the dwelling in study as much of 5C. NOTE: Absorption system has been not included in the saving measures because it is risky to give the cost price and the savings produced with the measure. A particular study for each building should be made.

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Domestic hot water (DHW)

DHW consumption: This box gives consumption of the DHW in kWh/year per useful square meter, before installing the savings measures.

Saving measures: Installing water saving systems: This measure is related to any mobile or x system, installed in the taps or in the pipes, that involves a ow reduction being it because of either an air introduction or other mechanism. It must be indicated in the box number of taps, the number of taps in which a water saving system would be placed. Installing a solar collector system: This measure is referred to the installation of solar collectors to supply DHW, with independence of the collector type and the installation type. Fraction of heating load: In this box it should be marked the percentage that the installed saving measure supplies. It depends on the collector type, climatic zone, collector surface). Solar collector area: Here it must be indicated the area of solar collector that would be installed.

Lighting
Lights/Regulation: This box gives consumption of the equipment in kWh/year per useful square meter, before installing the saving measures Type of prevailing lights: It should be marked only ONE box corresponding to the type of predominant lighting (approx. 80%). Saving measures: Changing all lights to low consumption ones: Low consumption lights are the ones that exist in the user market with this name, i.e. Osram Dulux Longlife, General Electric. Biax Electronic, Sylvania. Mini-Lynx Economy Number of light bulbs: It is important to do the calculation to indicate how many light bulbs would be changed.

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Thermal envelope
Insulation: External wall insulation: Initial insulation (cm): This box should be lled in with the existing insulation thickness in centimetres. If this value was unknown, the expert person would ll it in according to the building age, the building rules valid for the remodelling year in this particular location, particular experience Insulation on ceiling/walls in contact with no heated spaces Initial insulation (cm): This box should be lled in with the existing insulation thickness in centimetres. If this value was unknown, the expert person would ll it in according to the building age, the building rules valid for the remodelling year in this particular location, particular experience Saving measures for insulation: Additional insulation in external walls (cm): Additional insulation that will be place (no the total insulation). Placing it externally Placing it internally Placing it in the air chamber

} }

These boxes would be only used to calculate the Payback time, because its price cost is different.

Additional insulation in on ceiling/walls in contact with no heated spaces (cm):

Placing it externally Placing it internally Placing it in the air chamber

These boxes would be only used to calculate the Payback time, because its price cost is different.

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Openings: Windows characteristics: These characteristics refer to the initial conditions of the window. Glazing: Depending on the window typology. (Note: it has been chosen the most representative due to the wide existing typology). Frame Material: This box is easy to ll in. Window air leakage: It should be marked the box that better describes the amount of air lost through the different parts of the window. Shadowing:

Double window: See Figure 5

Roller blind: See Figure 6.

Opaque shutter: See Figure 7.

Awning: See Figure 8.

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Reective curtain: See Figure 9. Saving measures for openings: Glazing : This measure implies changing the glazing to other better that the existing one. The expert person should ll in the U-value (W/m2C) of the glazing that would be installed as saving measure. This measure has been chosen due to the innity of glazing that exists in the market (low-e, reexive, solar control, air chamber with inert gases) Frame material: It should be marked the material that would be installed (1) .
(1) All these saving measures imply a U-value.

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Summary
In the rst part of the summary appears a table with all the saving measures that have been selected during the lling in the formulary. Next to this table there are four columns that are described here. The rst column corresponds to the corresponding saving measure in kWh/ m2A. The second one is the predicted initial inversion for this saving measure. (Note: It has been supposed useful square meter for lighting and DHW, and cooled m2 and heated m2 for cooling and heating respectively). The third column gives the Payback time of each measure individually. (Note: It has been used to calculate the amortization the simple method of Payback time given by the next equation: Payback time= Initial Inversion / Annual Energy Saving (2) ).
(2) To calculate the energy saving there have been taken into account the service life time of the saving measure, the average price of the fuel saved during the equivalent period of this measure, and the annual increased price for each fuel.

In the fourth column the prevented CO2 tonnes with the implementation of this measure have been stated. In the right side of this table, there are some selections boxes from which only 5 must be selected. (The selected measures are the ones that would take into account in the next global calculation). The ve selected measures with the total energy saving in kWh/m2A, the total inversion and the Payback time of these 5 measures. Note: It is obvious that the produced savings due to the ve measures is not the sum of the entire individual saving of each measure, because some of them could interact between them. The benchmarking of the energy qualication appears in the low part of the page, before and after implementing the saving measures.

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Data sheet
This data sheet is to introduce the data that later would be used to do the calculation, and must be lled in by the expert people of each country. Data only would be inserted in the green cells. Table 1: Consumption data. Every country should ll in this table with the distribution of percentage of energy consumption by categories, climatic zones and type of building. Table 2: Prices table. The values of this table are different in each type of building, and should be lled in for each type of building. Saving measures: This table should be lled in with each measure prices in euros. Energy price: This table should be lled in with the nal energy cost for each of the fuels considered in /kWh. Annual rate: This table should be lled in with percentage increased in the estimated energy price for each of the considered fuels.

The reliability of the results would depend on the precision of these data.

Questionnaire
When you nish running the test, please answer the questionnaire, attached at the end of the tool. This questionnaire would be used to improve the tool and to take into account the opinions of all the people involved in the testers. Filling in the questionnaire is intuitive.

Essential advices to run the software correctly

1. All the boxes existing must be lled in (if the user forget to ll any box, a message appears). In the saving measures only ll in the desired ones. When introducing numeric values the decimal separador will depend on the regional settings. Take care when introducing the glass coefcient K. User can print the whole document or just parts of it, click on print in the menu bar. When opening the excel sheet macros must be tted out, if this does not happen they must be tted out. To do this the conguration must be changed, in the Excel sheet go to Tools in the menu bar, then Options/ Security/Macros security and here the selection must be changed to Medium or Low.

2.

3.

4.

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4. Best practice
The experiences in using the E-TOOL for the testing of buildings in the different partner countries can be summarized as best practice. This refers to several aspects that are to be taken into account with the energy audit by E-TOOL, such as: Qualication of auditors Test procedures Building categories Benchmarks Top energy saving measures Limits of E-TOOL Investment, Energy Saving, Payback Typical buildings Additional features

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Denmark
Qualication of auditors
The audits were performed by experienced auditors and energy advisers after short instruction in the use of E-TOOL. It is import to ensure the auditors have a global understanding of heat loses and heat production in buildings.

Test procedures
The testing and data collection took place at site visits after pre-arrangement with the owners of the single family houses and apartment buildings. The heat consumption, in a group of family houses supplied with hot water from central heating plant, was examined by the supplier and followed-up by testing different buildings with E-TOOL.

Building categories
The Best Practice achieved in Denmark has been based on testing the E-TOOL on existing single family houses and apartment buildings. The most frequent energy sources used for heating are natural gas, district heating, fuel oil, biomass, electricity. The annual heat demand in buildings is equivalent to 2700 degree days at reference 15 C.

Benchmarks
Benchmarks for heat consumption in existing building stock are available. The results of the E-TOOL in kWh/m2 were benchmarked with Danish benchmarks generated from 40.000 energy labelling certicates.

Top energy saving measures

The most frequent saving measures have been: New condensing boiler Change to heat reecting window glaze Tightening of air ltration at door/ window frames and at junctions of structure elements. Additional insulation to building elements Automatic temperature control

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Pay-back
The pay-back time is calculated on the basis of ofcial price lists for material and labour costs. The owner is recommended to ask local contractors for prices.

Typical buildings

Additional features
Thermography, with a handheld IR-camera, has extensively been used. With this technology has the quality of the survey and the test results improved considerably. Outside building with oor screed heating.

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Austria
Qualication of auditors
The E-TOOL specialists were recruited among the network of energy consultants. The specialists have different backgrounds, all experts have several years experience in the eld of energy advice in commercial and public buildings as well as in the industry. To ensure a high know-how level and to enlarge the expert-network, training seminars for energy management in commercial buildings were organised. For the success of the E-TOOL it is crucial that only qualied advisers use it. Very often the results have to be interpreted or may lead to misunderstanding, if the adviser would not have the know-how and experience to clarify data or realise if a mistake has occurred. It is risky, if inexperienced persons handle the tool and especially if not all data required by the tool are available, the advisor has to interpret the results properly and even in some cases has to assess data. For that a high level of know-how and experience is required.

Test procedures
In order to prepare the testing and to identify potential buildings for the testing activities, several companies were interviewed and asked about their planned building activities. The building owners were asked about the importance of energy performance indicators when refurbishing their buildings or planning new buildings.

Building categories
The E-TOOL was mainly tested in the following building categories: Hotels (main category) Ofces Shops

Benchmarks
Most of the buildings tested were built after 1970, the average heated area is around 1,300 m. The average indicator is about 162 kWh/ma and could be reduced to 98 kWh/ma after renovation.

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Top energy saving measures

Typical measures suggested by the advisers were the installation of solar collectors for hot water provision (especially attractive for hotels with high hot water consumption), energy efcient lighting (e.g. energy saving bulbs), insulation of pipes (heating and hot water system), exchange of windows or glasses, insulation of walls and roofs and water saving ttings.

Limits of E-TOOL
Although it is in some cases challenging to obtain the building data for completing the E-TOOL, it is a useful instrument to assess building qualities and to show the building owner the potential of energy efciency measures.

Investment, Energy Saving, Payback

On average 140.390 kWh saving could be achieved annually by implementing the suggested measures, which would result in about 41.270 investment costs.

Typical buildings

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Greece
Qualication of auditors
It was decided that the energy experts who would undertake the energy audits, would combine an appropriate academic background among with a relative working experience in the elds of buildings and energy conservation. The academic background of the auditors belonged to one of the following disciplines: Architecture or Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering, Building Services Engineering

Building categories
The categories of public buildings that E-TOOL was implemented included the following: Administration Ofces Public Services, Social Centers for elderly people, Schools Educational Institutions, Cultural Centers, Public Libraries, Exhibition Halls.

Benchmarks
The average annual energy consumption of a non insulated building at the 3rd Climatic Zone (North Greece Thessaloniki) varies between 156 - 375 kWh/m2.

Top energy saving measures

The most applicable and cost effective energy conservation measures, proposed within the framework of the current project, are:

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Insulation of external-internal walls. Replacement of single glazing by double. Installation of modern boilers running with natural gas instead of oil. Proper maintenance of boilers and air-conditioning units. Thermal insulation of heat distribution pipes. Installation of energy efcient lamps. Heating Cooling systems temperature regulation. Installation of heating cooling thermostats. Installation of external blinds or awnings. Installation of solar panels thermosyphons for heating water. Sealing windows air gaps.

8. 9. 10.

The range of energy conservation percentages per intervention are shown at the following Table. Energy Saving Intervention Additional Insulation Double Glazed Windows Openings Energy Efcient Lamps Energy Saving Conservation (%) 17 - 44 5-7 24 -55

Limits of E-TOOL
Data availability
E Tool is an effective rating tool for public buildings that either have simple forms, or for more massive and complex building that can be easily divided into more simple ones. Like all operational tools, the acquisition of energy data and /or the datas allocation into different buildings sectors and use, is the most crucial factor for the programs reliable use.

Division of complex buildings in different sectors

It was concluded that E-TOOL, though a very friendly and time saving program, is not appropriate for big or complex buildings, or buildings with sectors of different uses. In such cases it is proposed to apply the methodology for every sector or building department separately.

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Typical buildings

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Spain
Qualication of auditors
The E-TOOL testing was performed by engineers, architects and energy experts that have been trained previously.

Test procedures
The test procedure was focussing of the determination of the most adequate public buildings that were audited. The main criteria of the choice of buildings were the availability of the necessary input data, such as energy consumptions and constructive plans. All buildings have been visited together with the building owner.

Building categories
The types of public buildings that are been chosen are as follows: Schools Educational Institutions Municipal Ofces Sports Halls Libraries Cultural Centres Fire Police Departments Various Public Services.

Benchmarks
The average energy consumption of schools arises to 100 kWh/m2, with a range from 70 to 150 kWh/m2 which includes heating and electricity. No cooling installations exist. It has to be taken into account that the schools are closed for 3 months in summer time.

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Top energy saving measures

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Windows: changing of frames without thermal bridges Windows: changing from single to double glazing Windows: sealing of leakage Heating system: changing of boilers (> 20 years old) Heating system: installation of regulation system Heating system: installation of thermostats Water: installation of water saving systems (WC) Hot water: installation thermal panels for hot water production (kitchens of the public schools) Electricity: installation of presence detectors (corridors) Electricity: install low consumptions lamps (all)

9. 10.

Limits of E-TOOL
Non availability of buildings drawings studies Non availability of energy consumption data Non availability of benchmark data prior to the project Buildings with multiple use and thus different energy consumption behaviour

It is important to underline that the energy consumption is strongly depending on the users habits as well as on the usage of different heating and cooling devices, such as gas or gas-oil boilers, electrical heaters, air condition installations. Due to the fact that within one large administrative building is have been found that different areas exist, the E-TOOL was therefore applied on these different zones. Therefore, it has been possible to reveal the inuence especially of the different energy sources.

Investment, Energy Saving, Payback

The application of the proposed energy saving measures would lead to an estimated reduction of 25%. Nevertheless, the investment in these measures are based on the nancial planning of the building owner.

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Typical buildings

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Bulgaria
Qualication of auditors
For E-TOOL testing there have been recruited experts from energy consulting companies and the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy from Soa. Most of these experts have attended training courses for building certication.

Test procedures
On-site visit and interview with all owners On-site interview of building managers Telephone interview of building manager

Building categories
The tests are made on residential buildings.

Top energy saving measures

Insulation of external walls Insulation of roof Insulation of ceiling in basement Draught-proong of windows Change of windows (when they are too damaged) Improvement of the heating system (balance, insulation of pipes, installation of heat meters) Change of fuel (for buildings heated with electricity) Installation of solar collectors (at whole refurbishment, including change of water-supplying system) Installation of low-energy lamps Installation of thermal pump

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Limits of E-TOOL
The real energy consumption in multi-dwelling buildings in Bulgaria is not relevant for testing the building, as many households do not heat the whole dwelling or maintain very low temperature in the rooms. When using the data from the energy bills it appears that the building does not need any improvement. This is because we assess not the building, but the user behaviour For energy certication in Bulgaria we have to assess the whole building, its qualities and energy characteristics. It is not possible to make this assessment at by at. It is very difcult to collect the data regarding the energy consumption. There is always something missing (either invoices for heating or for electricity) Building can be assessed as a whole with regard to the heat energy consumption, as there is available data from the district heating companies. But it is not possible to have such data for consumption of electricity as each at has its own electrical meter. The E-TOOL is very useful at the beginning of the refurbishment process, as different energy saving measures can be easily assessed. The E-TOOL is also useful for public buildings as schools and hospitals were the indoor temperature should reach a minimal required comfort and the building is managed by one organisation.

Investment, Energy Saving, Payback

The payback period for the different energy measures implemented at refurbishment is: Thermal insulation of external walls 8 years; Thermal insulation of roof (water-proong of roof excluded) 4,5 years; Thermal insulation and water-proong of roof 15,5 years; Thermal insulation of basements ceiling 9 years; Repair and draught-proong of windows and external doors 4 years; Replacement of windows 20 years; Installation of local heating (change of fuel) 11 years.

33

Typical buildings

Target groups
The target groups for the E-TOOL guidebook in Bulgaria are: Energy auditors Architects Building engineers Building experts from municipalities

34

Slovenia
Qualication of auditors
The E-TOOL testing experts were recruited from the energy advisors working in Slovenian energy advisory network ENSVET. Additional testing of E-TOOL was done by the experts from the project team, that daily work in energy advisory and energy auditing. All experts who were involved in testing of E-TOOL have got at least university degree education. The specialists were mainly service engineers and civil engineers and/or architects, most of them already passed an additional training seminar in energy advisory in buildings and households and have got a lot of working experience in energy efciency in building sector. An additional short training (instructions) was organised for introduction of E-TOOL and for understanding of the scope of the testing.

Test procedures
The applicability of E-TOOL in different context of test applications: Survey on-site it is often very acceptable, but time consuming Workshop interview (direct discussion with a client during advisory session or other event) is a very acceptable way of using E-TOOL, but the nal outcome depends on the quality of the data clients prepare before the discussion Telephone interview it is less acceptable than workshop interview because of indirect communication between clients and experts the technical information can not be successfully transmitted.

Building categories
In Slovenia E-TOOL was tested on residential and public buildings (schools and other municipal buildings). The buildings of all age groups were involved in testing, but a special focus was put on the age categories 1961-1980.

Benchmarks
From the above test cases of E-TOOL implementation the initial and nal benchmarks of energy consumption were obtained. The following gure represents the delivered energy used in 550 cases. The benchmarks reect the specic prole of the building use.

35

250,0 221,3

INITIAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK

232,7

FINAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK

194,0 176,8 151,7

200,0

150,0 126,1 100,3

143,9

100,0

50,0

0,0 BLOCK OF DWELLINGS SCHOOLS MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS SINGLE DWELLING

Initial and nal benchmark of energy consumption per various buildings categories

Top energy saving measures

Refurbishment of roof structures with 20-30 cm of insulation material. Thermal insulation layer on external walls Installation of new boilers Replacement of windows in existing buildings. Installation of solar collectors

Installing solar collectors

36

School
300
ENERGY CONSUMPTION BEFORE SAVING MEASURES

30

ENERGY CONSUMPTION AFTER SAVING MEASURES

250

PAYBACK TIME OF THE ENERGY SAVING MEASURES

25

200

20

150

15

100

10

50

Energy consumption before and after E-TOOL set of proposals for schools
20

15

10

0
INSTALL MODERN BOILER INSULATE THE PIPES REDUCE HEATING SET POINT INSTALLING WATER SAVING INSTALLING A SOLAR COLLECTOR SYSTEM CHANGING ALL LIGHTS TO LOW CONSUMPTION INSTALLING PRESENCE DETECTOR INSULATING EXTERNAL WALLS(outer side of the wall) CHANGE WINDOWS INSULATING WALLS CLOSE TO UNCONDITIONED SPACES INSULATING ROOF

Most frequent measures for schools

Limits of E-TOOL
The buildings are mostly heated by oil, natural gas or by biomass. Solar panels are used in some of them for the provision of domestic hot water. Most of buildings have a central heating system with radiators, air conditioned by split units, fan coils or central units. A signicant difculty confronted during the E-TOOL testing preparation phase, was the nding of the buildings energy data, plans and technical construction data, due to inexistence and bureaucratic procedures, respectively.

Investment, Energy Saving, Payback

The investment in the measure, the energy savings and the pay-back period of energy saving refurbishment measures may vary signicantly from case to case, and it is dependant on the condition the building and the replaced

37

element or system and on anticipated energy savings. In buildings it is very important to do the energy renovation in accordance to regular maintenance and repair works. Average payback periods for 5 most frequently recommended energy measures and recommended refurbishment scenarios: Thermal insulation of roof: Thermal insulation of external walls: Installation of solar collectors: 3-5 years; 8-12 years; 8-16 years;

Replacement of old boiler (change boiler): 8-12 years; Replacement of windows: 14-18 years;

38

Contact
Partner 1: Naturgas Midt- Nord (NGMN), Denmark (PROJECT COORDINATOR) www.naturgas.dk

Partner 2:

(CENER), Spain www.cener.com

date Partner 3:

revision date

er

Ober-sterreich Energiesparverband ESV, Austria www.esv.or.at

GENERAL DATA OF THE BUILDING

Partner 4:

Thessaloniki Metropolitan Development Agency (TMDA), Greece www.mitropolitiki.gr

RUCTION OR N YEAR

COUNTRY
Medium Zone

Partner 5:
0
0

S OF HEATING (temperature base= 15)

Cold Zone

Sigma Consultants Ltd (SIGMA), Greece www.sigmaconsultants.gr

Medium Zone Warm Zone

S OF COOLING (temperature base= 18)

DING
HOTEL

LOCK OF DWELLINGS

Partner 6:

FFICE BLOCK

SHOPPING CENTRE
SCHOOL

NGLE DWELLING

Soa Energy Centre (SEC), Bulgaria www.sec.bg

SICAL DATA
2

A OF THE BUILDING OR DWELLING (m )

3

2 ERNAL AREA (m )

UME OF THE BUILDING OR DWELLING (m )

ING WITH UNCONDITIONED SPACE

YES

LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION Partner 7: Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZRMK), Slovenia 0 WINDOW TOTAL AREA: 0 m2 www.gi-zrmk.si 0
0
WINDOW TOTAL PERIMETER:

HEAVYWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION

F FLOORS
NO

ATRIUM

A (m ) (m )
2 2

HEATED VOLUME (m )
3

Partner 8:
3

Deuca Energia S.L. (DEUCA), Spain 0 Mail: deuca@grupouni2.com

COOLED VOLUME (m )

DEUCA ENERGIA S.L.

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39

Annex: Software sheets

Page

1 of

8 date revision date

Prepared by Controlled by Identification Number

GENERAL DATA OF THE BUILDING

GENERAL DATA
BUILDING NAME OWNER
YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION OR LAST RENOVATION YEAR

LOCATION ADDRESS CITY CLIMATIC ZONE

Medium Zone

COUNTRY

DEGREE-DAYS OF HEATING (temperature base= 15) DEGREE-DAYS OF COOLING (temperature base= 18) CATEGORY TYPE OF BUILDING
BLOCK OF DWELLINGS HOTEL

0
0

Cold Zone
Medium Zone Warm Zone

OFFICE BLOCK
SINGLE DWELLING

SHOPPING CENTRE
SCHOOL

SHAPE AND PHYSICAL DATA TOTAL AREA OF THE BUILDING OR DWELLING (m ) TOTAL VOLUME OF THE BUILDING OR DWELLING (m )
2 TOTAL EXTERNAL AREA (m )

0
3

0
0

HEAVYWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION
LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION
WINDOW TOTAL AREA:
WINDOW TOTAL PERIMETER:

,AREA LIMITING WITH UNCONDITIONED SPACE

NUMBER OF FLOORS

0
0

0
0

m2

COVERED ATRIUM

YES

NO

CLIMATIZED AREA HEATED AREA (m ) COOLED AREA (m )

2 2

HEATED VOLUME (m ) COOLED VOLUME (m )

3

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CONSUMPTION DATA
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
INVOICE YEAR FUEL TYPE ANNUAL CONSUM CONSUMPTION INCLUDED IN THIS INVOICE
HEATING
COOLING
DHW
0

(no-fuel)

UNITS

KWh

LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT

Electricity 1 Gas 2 Coal 3 Biomass 4 Fuel-Oil 5 Other Petroleum Derivatives 6 (no-fuel) 7 l 3 m ton KWh

TOTAL CONSUMPTION (kWh)

0,

FUEL TYPE ANNUAL CONSUM CONSUMPTION INCLUDED IN THIS INVOICE

HEATING
COOLING
DHW

(no-fuel)

UNITS

KWh

LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT

TOTAL CONSUMPTION (kWh)

0,

FUEL TYPE ANNUAL CONSUM

(no-fuel)

UNITS

KWh

CONSUMPTION INCLUDED IN THIS INVOICE

HEATING
COOLING
DHW

LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT

TOTAL CONSUMPTION (kWh)

0,

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Page

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING

1- CLIMATIZATION SYSTEMS
1.1- HEATING 1.1.1-HEATING SYSTEM
YES
79,89 KWh/m2

1.1-SAVING MEASURES

NO

1.1.2- TYPE
INDIVIDUAL
CENTRAL

1.1.3- PRINCIPAL SYSTEM

BOILER+RADIATOR

INDIVIDUAL HEATERS

HEAT PUMP DISTRICT HEATING

1.1.4- STATE OF THE INSTALLATION

>20 YEARS
10-20 YEARS

INSTALLING A MODERN BOILER

CHANGING BOILER+FUEL
GAS

<10 YEARS

FUEL-OIL

BIOMASS

1.1.5- FUEL TYPE

(no-fuel)

INSTALLING AN INDIVIDUAL HEAT PUMP

1.1.6-OTHER
DIRTY BURNERS
PIPE WITHOUT INSULATION
WITH REGUALTION SYSTEM

CLEAN THE BURNERS

INSULATE THE PIPES

20

total lenght (m)

1

INSTALLING THERMOSTAT

units

WITHOUT REGULATION SYSTEM

REDUCING HEATING SET POINT (C)

2

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING

1- CLIMATIZATION SYSTEMS
1.2- COOLING 1.2.1- COOLING SYSTEM
YES
9,66 KWh/m2

1.2- SAVING MEASURES

NO

1.2.2- TYPE
INDIVIDUAL
CENTRAL CENTRAL

1.2.3- SYSTEM
TRADITIONAL HVAC

ABSORPTION

1.1.4- STATE OF THE INSTALLATION

>15 YEARS

<15 YEARS

INSTALLING HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC

1.2.5- FUEL TYPE

GAS
ELECTRICITY

1.2.6- REGULATION SYSTEMS (THERMOSTAT)

WITH REGUALTION SYSTEM
WITHOUT REGULATION SYSTEM

INSTALLING THERMOSTAT
2

units

INCREASING COOLING SET POINT (C)

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43

Page Prepared by Controlled by

5 of

8 date revision date

Identification Number

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING

2- DOMESTIC HOT WATER
2.1- DHW CONSUMPTION 2.1- TAPS
STANDAR TAPS
INSTALLING WATER SAVING SYSTEMS
KWh/m2 20,11

2.1- SAVING MEASURES

2.2-FUEL TYPE
Gas

10

Total number of taps

2.2- THERMAL SOLAR COLLECTORS

YES

INSTALLING A SOLAR COLLECTOR SYSTEM

NO

70

Fraction of DHW load

Solar collector area (m2)

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING

3- LIGHTING
3.1- LIGHTS / REGULATION 3.1- TYPE OF PREVAILING LIGHTS
INCANDESCENT
HALOGEN
FLUORESCENT
LOW CONSUMPTION

9,28

KWh/m2

3.1- SAVING MEASURES

CHANGING ALL LIGHTS: LOW CONSUMPTION

10

Total number of light bulbs

3.2- LIGHTING REGULATION

NO PRESENCE DETECTORS IN SHARED SPACES

INSTALLING PRESENCE DETECTORS

10

Number of presence detector

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING

4- THERMAL ENVELOPE
4.1- INSULATION 4.1- INSULATION
0

4.1- SAVING MEASURES

ADITIONAL INSULATION (cm)

4.1.1- AISLAMIENTO EN PAREDES EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION

0

INITIAL INSULATION (cm)

PLACING EXTERNAL PLACING INTERNAL

PLACING IN AIR CHAMBER

4.1.2- INSULATION ON CEILING/ WALLS IN CONTACT WITH NO HEATED SPACES

0

INITIAL INSULATION (cm)

ADITIONAL INSULATION (cm)

4.2- OPENINGS 4.2.1-WINDOWS CHARACTERISTICS

GLAZING
SINGLE
DOUBLE (6)
DOUBLE (12)

4.2- SAVING MEASURES

CHANGE GLAZING

FRAME MATERIAL
METALLIC
METALLIC WITHOUT THERMAL BRIDGE

SEALING WINDOWS AIR LEAKS

CHANGE WINDOW

TRIPLE(6/6)

WOOD

PVC

GLAZING
2.7

FRAME MATERIAL
METALLIC WITHOUT THERMAL BRIDGE
WOOD

WINDOW AIR LEAKAGE

VERY HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM

K (W/m2K)

PVC

4.2.2- SHADOWING
NO OPAQUE SHUTTER NO BLIND
NO AWNING

PLACING OPAQUE SHUTTER

PLACING BLIND

NO REFLECTIVE CURTAIN

PLACING AWNING PLACING REFLECTIVE CURTAIN

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CALCULATE

45

8 of Prepared by Controlled by

8 date revision date

Identification Number

SUMMARY
POTENTIAL SAVINGS (kWh/year)

INITIAL
INVESMENT
(euros)

PAY-BACK (years)

CO2 SAVINGS (kg)

CHANGE TO GAS BOILER CLEAN THE BURNER INSTALL VRV HVAC INSTALLING WATER SAVING INSTALLING A SOLAR COLLECTOR SYSTEM CHANGING ALL LIGHTS TO LOW CONSUMPTION INSULATING EXTERNAL WALLS(in the outer side of the wall) IMPROVE WINDOWS INFILTRATIONS

1997,28 559,24 386,36 402,17 1407,61 760,98 1646,05 1677,72

1900,0 90,0 2000,0 50,0 3000,0 100,0 300,0 2250,0

39,64 3,83 60,90 2,96 50,74 1,55 4,34 31,93 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

1597,83 279,62 231,82 241,30 844,57 456,59 823,02 838,86

SELECT

COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS SUMMARY

ENERGY SAVING MEASURES ADOPTED INSTALLING WATER SAVING

TOTAL POTENTIAL SAVING TOTAL INVESTMENT COST OF ENERGY SAVING MEASURES PAYBACK TIME OF THE ENERGY SAVING MEASURES CO2 SAVINGS

5267,34
5700,

kWh/year

Years
kg CO2

20,34
2862,6

INITIAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK (WITHOUT ENERGY SAVING MEASURES)

FINAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK- (WITH ENERGY SAVING MEASURES )

150,

kWh/m2

97,33

kWh/m2

CERTIFICATE

46

Building Energy Performance

Initial

Final

DELIVERED ENERGY (kWh/m2)

Building name Owner Address City Type of building Year of construction or last renovation Climatized area (m2)

150,

97,33

47

QUESTIONNAIRE
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION GRADUATING EACH ITEM:

1.- Applicability of this tool (fill only your case):

-via survey on site

Good

Fair

Improve

-via workshop interview

-via telephone interview

Good

Fair

Improve

Good

Fair

Improve

2.- User friendliness (functional aspects) of the tool:

Good

Fair

Improve

3.- Accessibility of the data needed for the tests:

Good

Fair

Improve

4.- Acceptance of the resuts by the client:

Good

Fair

Improve

5.- Time required to complete the survey and the reporting:

< 30 min

30-60 min

1-2 hr

2-3 hr

3-4 hr

>4 hr

6.- Improvementes to the tool::

48