European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.48 No.2 (2010), pp.305-314 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2010 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.

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Comparative Study of SUI Channels in IEEE802.16d using Different Cyclic Prefix

S.Venkatesh Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail:srivenkatesh2010@yahoo.com V.Palanisamy Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Info Institute of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India K.Baskaran Assistant professor (RD), Department of Computer Science Engineering Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract WiMAX which represents Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access is a major part of broadband wireless network having IEEE 802.16 standard provides innovative fixed as well as mobile platform for broadband internet access anywhere in anytime. The objective of this paper is the comparative study of Stanford University Interim (SUI) fading channels in IEEE802.16d using different cyclic prefix to improving BER at different SNR under digital modulation techniques.The simulation is performed for Fixed WiMAX and the performance measures we presented in this paper are: the bit error rate (BER) versus the ratio of bit energy to noise power spectral density (Eb/No). The simulation results of estimated Bit Error Rate displays that the implementation of 1/4 Cyclic prefix under QPSK modulation technique over SUI-1,SUI-3 and SUI-4 channels and 1/16 cyclic prefix under QPSK over SUI-2 channel is highly effective comparing to other modulation techniques.The system parameters used in this paper are based on IEEE 802.16 standards.

Keywords: WiMAX, IEEE802.16, SUI, BER, SNR, Eb/No, QPSK

1. Introduction
WiMAX will become the next-generation broadband wireless access technology. Based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology, WiMAX offers better spectral efficiency as well as overall capacity than the 3G network currently being deployed. It allows communications which have no direct visibility, coming up as an alternative connection for cable, DSL3, and T1/E1 systems, as well as a possible transport network for Wi-Fi hot-spots, thus becoming a solution to develop broadband industry platforms. Likewise, products based on WiMAX technology can be combined with other technologies to over broadband access in many of the possible scenarios of utilization. It will substitute other broadband technologies competing in the same segment and will

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become an excellent solution for the deployment of the well-known last mile infrastructures in places where it is very difficult to get with other technologies, such as cable or DSL, and where the costs of deployment and maintenance of such technologies would not be profitable. In this way, WiMAX will connect rural areas in developing countries as well as underserved metropolitan areas. It can even be used to deliver backhaul for carrier structures, enterprise campus, and Wi-Fi hot-spots. It offers a good solution for these challenges because it provides a cost-effective, rapidly deployable solution [1]. Additionally, WiMAX will represent a serious competitor to third generation cellular systems as high speed mobile data applications. WiMAX is especially popular in wireless applications because of its resistance to forms of interference and degradation. In short, WiMAX delivers a wireless signal much farther with less interference than competing technologies. The first version of the IEEE 802.16 standard operates in the 1066GHz frequency band and requires lineofsight (LOS) towers. Later the standard extended its operation through different PHY specification to 2 -11 GHz frequency band enabling non line of sight (NLOS) connections, which require techniques that efficiently mitigate the impairment of fading and multipath [1]. Taking the advantage of OFDM technique the PHY is able to provide robust broadband service in hostile wireless channel.OFDM increases bandwidth and data capacity by splitting broad channels into multiple narrowband channels each using a different frequency that can then carry different parts of a message simultaneously. The channels are spaced very close together but avoid interference because neighboring channels are orthogonal to one another and thus have no overlap [2]. Generally the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirements of an environment determine the modulation method to be used in the environment. QPSK is more tolerant of interference than either 16-QAM or 64-QAM [9]. The aim of this paper is the comparative study of different cyclic prefix for improving BER at different SNR under digital modulation (QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM) techniques and different communication fading channels Stanford University Interim (SUI-1,SUI-2,SUI-3 and SUI-4) of an WIMAX system.

2. Simulation Model
The simulation model consists of three main components namely transmitter, receiver and channel. Transmitter and receiver components consist of channel coding and modulation sub-components whereas channels are modeled as fading channels. This structure corresponds to the physical layer of the IEEE 802.16 2004 Wireless MAN OFDM air interface. In this setup, we have just implemented the mandatory features of the specification, while leaving the implementation of optional features for future work [3].
Figure 1: WiMAX Communication System

Random data generation

Channel Encoding

Digital Modulatio n TRANSIMETTER

IFFT

Cyclic prefix Insertion

Retrieved data

Channel Decoding

Digital demodulation RECEIVER

FFT

Cyclic prefix Removal

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Channel coding part is composed of three steps randomization, Forward Error Correction (FEC) and interleaving. FEC is done in two phases through the outer Reed Solomon (RS) and inner Convolutional Code (CC). The complementary operations are applied in the reverse order at channel decoding in the receiver end. Reed Solomon Encoder that encapsulates the data with coding blocks and these coding blocks are helpful in dealing with the burst errors. The block formatted (Reed Solomon encoded) data stream is passed through a convolutional interleaver. Here a code rate can be defined for convolutional codes as well. If there are k bits per second input to the convolutional encoder and the output is n bits per second, the code rate is k/n [8].
Figure 2: Channel Encoding

Figure 3: Channel Decoding

The convolutionally encoded bits are interleaved further prior to convert into each of the either three digital modulation symbols in QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation and cyclic prefix is added to the data once the data is converted into time domain and ready to be transmitted. The addition of cyclic prefix to the data before it is actually transmitted helped the data to cater the problems related to the multipath propagation and provided a resistance against Inter Symbol Interference [8]. IEEE 802.16 allows the insertion of cyclic prefix of various lengths such 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32 is added to the WiMAX symbol before it is transmitted. The length of the cyclic prefix must be chosen as longer than the maximum delay spread of the target multipath environment. The transmitted data is then fed into the SUI-1, SUI-2, SUI-3and SUI-4 channels. At the receiver side, cyclic prefix is removed before any processing starts.
Table 1: Simulated Coding, Modulation Schemes and Noisy channels
value 2.5MHz 1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32 200 QPSK,16QAM,32QAM SUI-1,SUI-2,SUI-3,SUI-4 (255,239,8) 1/2

Parameter Nominal channel band with Cyclic prefix Number of used sub carriers Modulation Channels RS Code CC Code

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3. Channel Model
The performance of the developed communication system, an accurate description of the wireless channel is required to address its propagation environment. The radio architecture of a communication system plays very significant role in the modeling of a channel. The wireless channel is characterized by: Path loss, Multipath delay Spread, Fading characteristics, Doppler spread, Cochannel and adjacent channel interference [5]. All the model parameters are random in nature and only a statistical characterization of them is possible, i.e. in terms of the mean and variance value. They are dependent upon terrain, tree density, antenna height and beamwidth, wind speed. SUI channel models are an extension of the earlier work by AT&T Wireless and Erceg etal [6]. In this model a set of six channels was selected to address three different terrain types that are typical of the continental US. This model can be used for simulations, design, and development and testing of technologies suitable for fixed broadband wireless applications [7]. The parameters for the model were selected based upon some statistical models. The tables below depict the parametric view of the SUI channels.
Table 2: Terrain type for SUI channel
C B A SUI-1,SUI-2 SUI-3,SUI-4 SUI-5,SUI-6 Mostly flat terrain with light tree densities. Hilly terrain with light tree density or flat terrain with moderate to heavy tree density Hilly terrain with moderate to heavy tree density

Terrain Type

Table 3:

Channel Model parameters

SUI-1 [0 -15 -20] [4 0 0] [0.0 0.4 0.9] [0.4 0.3 0.5] 0.7 -0.1771 SUI-2 [0 -12 -15] [2 0 0] [0.0 0.4 1.1] [0.2 0.15 0.25] 0.5 -0.3930 SUI-3 [0 -5 -10] [1 0 0] [0.0 0.4 0.9] [0.4 0.3 0.5] 0.4 -1.5113 SUI-4 [0 -4 -8] [0 0 0] [0.0 0.5 4.0] [0.2 0.15 0.25] 0.3 -1.9218

P(Power in each path in dB) K(Ricen Distribution(linear scale )) Tap delay Dop(maximum Doppler frequency(Hz)) Auto_corr(Coefficient of antenna Correlation) Normalized factor of gain (dB)

4. Simulation Results
In this section we have presented various Bit Error Rate (BER) versus the ratio of bit energy to noise power spectral density (Eb/No) plots for QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation using different cyclic prefix. Figure from 4 to 15 shows the performance on SUI-1, SUI-2, SUI-3 and SUI-4 channel models respectively. It can be seen from this figures that the lower modulation and coding scheme provides better performance with less SNR. Simulation results in figure shows the advantage of considering a 1/2 rated convolutinal coding and Reed-Solomon coding for each of the three digital modulation schemes.

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Figure 4: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using QPSK modulation under SUI-1
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=1,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of QPSK ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

10

-1

BER

X: 4 Y: 0.02571

10

-2

10

-3

4 Eb/No

Figure 5: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 16QAM modulation under SUI-1
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=1,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 16QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER

X: 8 Y: 0.01567

10

-2

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

Figure 6: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 64QAM modulation under SUI-1
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=1,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 64QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER 10
-2

X: 12 Y: 0.003037

10

-3

6 Eb/No(dB)

10

12

14

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Figure 4,5 and 6 shows the Bit Error Rate under QPSK modulation technique over SUI-1 fading channel with 1/4 cyclic prefix for a SNR value of 4dB but in the case of 16QAM and 64 QAM modulation is found not to be suitable for transmission.
Figure 7: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using QPSK modulation under SUI-2
0

10

CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER

X: 5 Y: 0.01571

10

-2

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

Figure 8: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 16QAM modulation under SUI-2
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=2,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 16QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER 10
-2

X: 9 Y: 0.004754

10

-3

6 Eb/No(dB)

10

11

Figure 9: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 64QAM modulation under SUI-2
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=2,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 64QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER

10

-2

X: 12 Y: 0.008294

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

15

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Figure 7,8 and 9 shows the Bit Error Rate under QPSK modulation technique over SUI-2 fading channel with 1/16 cyclic prefix for a SNR value of 5dB but in the case of 16QAM and 64 QAM modulation is found not to be suitable for transmission.
Figure 10: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using QPSK modulation under SUI-3
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=3,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of QPSK ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER

10

-2

X: 7 Y: 0.009643

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

15

Figure 11: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 16 QAM modulation under SUI-3
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=3,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 16QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER
-2

10

X: 9 Y: 0.00669

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

15

Figure 12: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 64 QAM modulation under SUI-3
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=3,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 64QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER 10
-2

X: 14 Y: 0.004089

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

15

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Figure 10,11 and 12 shows the Bit Error Rate under QPSK modulation technique over SUI-3 fading channel with 1/4 cyclic prefix for a SNR value of 7dB but in the case of 16QAM and 64 QAM modulation is found not to be suitable for transmission.
Figure 13: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using QPSK modulation under SUI-4
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=4,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of QPSK ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER

10

-2

X: 5 Y: 0.005357

10

-3

10

-4

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

15

Figure 14: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 16QAM modulation under SUI-4
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=4,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 16QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER 10
-2

X: 12 Y: 0.002817

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

15

Figure 15: Comparative study between different cyclic prefix using 64QAM modulation under SUI-4
10
0

BER of the received symbols. ( SUI=4,BW=2.5MHz and modulation of 64QAM ) CP=1/4 CP=1/8 CP=1/16 CP=1/32

10

-1

BER 10
-2

X: 15 Y: 0.003621

10

-3

5 Eb/No(dB)

10

15

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Figure 13,14 and 15 shows the Bit Error Rate under QPSK modulation technique over SUI-4 fading channel with 1/4 cyclic prefix for a SNR value of 5dB but in the case of 16QAM and 64 QAM modulation is found not to be suitable for transmission. In table 4 shows that the Eb/No in dB using modulation techniques (QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM) with different cyclic prefix (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32).
Table 4: Eb/No in dB using modulation techniques with different cyclic prefix
SUI-1 1/8 5 9 13 SUI-2 1/8 8 9 15 SUI-3 1/8 13.5 15 15 SUI-4 1/8 15 12 15

Terrain type cyclic prefix

QPSK
16QAM 64QAM C

1/4 4 8 13 1/4 7 10 12 1/4 7 13.5 14 1/4 5 15 15

1/16 5 8 12.2 1/16 5 9 13.5 1/16 8 9 15 1/16 11.2 14.2 15

1/32 5 9 12 1/32 6 10 13.5 1/32 15 12 15 1/32 13.5 14.2 15

cyclic prefix
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

cyclic prefix
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM B

cyclic prefix
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

5. Conclusion
The comparative study of SUI fading channels in IEEE802.16d using different cyclic prefix to improving BER at different SNR under digital modulation techniques has been carried out .The simulation results of estimated Bit Error Rate displays that the implementation of 1/4 cyclic prefix under QPSK modulation technique over SUI-1,SUI-3 and SUI-4 channels and 1/16 cyclic prefix under QPSK over SUI-2 channel is highly effective comparing to other modulation techniques.

References
[1] IEEE std 802.16a 2003(Amendment to IEEE std 802.16 2001), IEEE standard for Local and metropolitan area networks part 16:Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System Amendment 2:Medium Access Control Modulations and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 2-11 GHz, January 2003. IEEE 802.16 2004, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System, 1 October 2004 IEEE std 802.16e 2005 and IEEE std 802.16 2004(Amendment and Corrigendum to IEEE std 802.16 2004), IEEE standard for Local and metropolitan area networks part 16:Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access System Amendment 2:Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum, 1 February 2006. Mobile WiMAXPart I: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluatio,http://www.wimaxforum.org/technology/downloads/mobile_WiMAX_part1_Overvie w _and_Performance.pdf Raj Jain, Channel model (Tutorial), February 2007.

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Comparative Study of SUI Channels in IEEE802.16d using Different Cyclic Prefix [6] [7] [8] [9]

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V.Erceg, K.V.S.Hari, M.S.Smith, D.S.Baum et al, Channel Model for Fixed Wireless Applications, IEEE 802.16.3 Task Group Contributions 2001, Feb. 01 Daniel S. Baum, Simulating the SUI Channel Models, IEE 802.163c01_53 Simon Haykin, Digital Communication, Edition 2006 Md.Zahid Hasan,Mohammad Reaz Hossain,Md.Ashraful Islam,Riaz Uddin mondal, Comparative study of Different Guard Time intervals to Improve the BER Performance of Wimax Systems to minimize the Effects of ISI and ICI under Adaptive modulation techniques over SUI-1 and AWGN Communication Channels ,IJCSIS,Vol.6,No.2,2009