How do we get hydrocarbons to surface? What is tubing performance? How do we size tubing?

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 1

P180

At the end of this session you should be able to: Explain what tubing performance is Describe the key features of tubing performance Carry out a tubing size selection exercise

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 2

P180

 Just as we optimise the Inflow performance of flow from the reservoir to the wellbore, we also need to optimise the Outflow performance from the bottom of the well to surface Tubing performance is the term used to describe Outflow performance. It is also called Vertical Lift Performance Tubing Performance looks at optimising/minimising pressure losses at lowest life cycle cost. By minimising pressure drop, we maximise production.

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 3

P180

 In order to flow from the bottom of the well to surface, we need to overcome several pressure drops
Hydrostatic head Frictional losses Acceleration effects (normally negligible)

Outflow

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Outflow

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Outflow

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P180

Outflow

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 Bubble flow - dispersed bubble of gas in continuous liquid phase; Slug flow - coalescing bubble in larger one, expanding across the entire pipe x-section. Between the larger bubble are slugs of liquid with entrained smaller gas bubbles Churn flow - highly turbulent flow pattern and dispersion of both gas- and liquid phase Annular flow (mist flow) - gas is continuous phase, with dispersed liquid droplets; liquid moves as (unstable) boundary layer to the pipe; P180

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 8

INCREASE of PWF due to fluid hold-up

INCREASE of PWF due increasing friction

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 9

P180

 Flowing tubing pressure Length of tubing Friction factors Tubing diameter Fluid composition (liquid/gas)

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 10

P180

Flowing bottomhole pressure PWF

THP1 > THP2

THP1 THP2

Flow rate (Q)

Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 11

P180

Flowing bottomhole pressure PWF

2 7/8 4

Flow rate (Q)

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P180

Flowing bottomhole pressure PWF

GLR1 GLR2 GLR3 PWF

Flow rate (Q)

Outflow

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P180

Outflow

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P180

 IPR - Inflow Performance Relationship IPC - Intake Pressure Curve TPC - Tubing Performance Curve CPC - Choke Performance Curve

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 15

P180

 To isolate the well from downstream pressure Control of downhole pressure

D1

Pfwh

D2

PFL

P fw h

f ( D 2 , G LR ) Q

Critical flow: Single -phase gas flow Multi-phase gas-liquid flow

Outflow 18/04/02

: PFTH > 1.9 PFL : PFTH > 1.7 PFL

Outflow.ppt, page 16

P180

 Tubing performance is the term used to describe Outflow performance. Tubing performance dependent on:
Flowing tubing pressure Length of tubing Friction factors Tubing diameter Fluid composition (liquid/gas)

Definition of terms Use of Choke P180

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Outflow.ppt, page 17

In your syndicate groups, please do the following: Explain what tubing performance is What are IPC, TPC & CPC Describe the key parameters which tubing performance what are they & how do they affect tubing performance

Outflow

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Outflow.ppt, page 18

P180

 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV

Outflow2.ppt, page 1

P180

Pressure Losses in Oil Production.

 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV

Outflow2.ppt, page 2

P180

The Function of a Completion

 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV

Outflow2.ppt, page 3

P180

Dual Completion

 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV

Outflow2.ppt, page 4

P180

Representation of Flowing Well