THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION

NAME : NURATIKA BINTI BAKRIM CLASS : 4 JUJUR IC NUMBER : 961114-12-6828

CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 MOBILE COMPUITNG 2.1 DEFINITION 2.2 SPECIFICATION ,SERVICES AND FREQUENCIES OF MOBILE COMPUTING 3.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY ON SERVICE 3.1 VoIP 3.2 BLOG 4.0 TYPES OF NETWORK 4.1 PAN 4.2 VPN 4.3 WLAN 4.4 WIMAX 5.0 CONCLUSION 6.0 REFRENCE

1.0 INTRODUC TION

The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving information from one point to another inside the network. The information could be stored on a device, such as a personal computer in the network, it could be generated live outside the network, such as speech, or could be generated by a process on another piece of information, such as automatic sales transactions at the end of a business day. The device does not necessarily have to be a computer; it could be a hard disk, a camera or even a printer on the network. Due to a large variety of information to be moved, and due to the fact that each type of information has its own conditions for intelligibility, the computer network has evolved into a highly complex system. Specialized knowledge from many areas of science and engineering goes into the design of networks. It is practically impossible for a single area of science or engineering to be entirely responsible for the design of all the components. Therefore, a study of computer networks branches into many areas as we go up from fundamentals to the advanced levels. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Introduction_computer_networks_and_communications

2.0 Mobile Computing

2.1 Definition

Mobile computing is a form of humancomputer interaction where a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing has three aspects: mobile communication, mobile hardware and mobile software. The first aspect addresses communication issues in ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies. The second aspect focuses on the hardware, i.e. mobile devices or device components. The third aspect deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing

2.2 Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing

UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA GSM/EDGE Specification CDMA EV- DO Rev.A, Wifi, Bluetooth 4.0 Wireless technology Web Browsing, Camera,Video & Photo Services Mail Attachment support Sensor s, Langguage, Keyboard support & Dictionary support UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA (850, 900,1900,2100 MHZ) GSM/EDGE(850, 900,1000, 1900 MHZ) Frequencies CDMA EV- DO Rev.A (850, 1900 MHZ) 802.11 b/g/h wi-fi (802.11 n 2.4 GHZ only)

2.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES

Internet Services Technology is broad field of study usually resulting in receiving an Associate of Applied Science Degree. This 2-year degree, often awarded at community colleges, is a gateway to more specialized studies but can also be applied to immediate workforce demands. Students learn languages such as HTML, C++,Action Script, and Java Script. This program of study also encompasses business courses with an emphasis on e-commerce and macro economics .Internet Services Technology covers a broad range of technologies used for web development, web production, design, networking, and e-commerce. The field also covers Internet programming, web site maintenance, Internet architect, and web master .

3.1 VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VoIP)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packetswitched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone.

3.2 BLOG

A blog (a contraction of the term weblog) is a type of website, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

4.0 TYPES OF NETWORK

Networks are a group of stations such as computers, telephones, or other devices, connected by communications facilities for exchanging information. Connection can be permanent, via cable, or temporary, through telephone or other communications links. The transmission medium can be physical for example, fiber optic cable or wireless for example, satellite

.4.1PERSONALAREA NETWORKS (PAN)

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The devices mayor may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few

meters. PAN scan be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink).Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with network technologies such as IrDA, Bluetooth, UWB, Z-Wave and Zig Bee.

4.2 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN)

A virtual private network (VPN) i s a pri vat e communi cati ons network oft en used b y com pani es or organiz at ions, to communi cat e confident i ally over a publ i c net work. VP N t raffic can be carri ed over a public networking infrastructure (e.g. the Internet) on top of standard protocols, or over a service provider's private network with a defined Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service provider. A VPN can send data (e.g., voice, data or video, or a combination of these media) across secured and encrypted private channels between two points. VPN uses tunneling mechanism to maintain privacy and security of the data. Tunnelling means transmitting data packets across a public network. VPN is often used by companies to provide access from their internal network resources to their home or mobile workers.

4.3 WIRELESS LAN (WLAN)

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless local area network that links two or more computers or devices using spread-spectrum or OFDM modulation technology based to enable communication between devices in a limited area. This gives users the mobility to move around within a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network.

4.4 WORLDWIDE INTEROPERABILITY FOR MICROWAVE ACCESS (WiMAX)

WiMAX,

meaning

Worldwide

Interoperability

for

Microwave

Access,

is

telecommunicationstechnology that provides wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access. The technology provides up to 3 Mbit/s broadband speed without the need for cables. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard (alsocalled Broadband Wireless Access). The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which wasformed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describesWiMAX as "a standardsbased technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access asan alternative to cable and DSL".

Example of wimax