Key Terms:

Chapter 24: World War I

-Triple Alliance: Germany, A-H, Italy -Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia -Central Powers: Germany, A-H, Ottomans, Bulgaria -Allies: Britain, France, Russia, Balkan nations, USA, Belgium, Japan -International Law: attacker must warn a passenger boat before attacking -Sussex: French ship with US passengers; attacked by German U-Boats brought the US closer to war -Unrestricted Warfare: launched by Germany in 1917; Wilson quickly broke diplomatic ties with Germany -Zimmerman Telegram: German sent offer to Mexico offering to help recover land they had lost to the US in the past if they joined the CP; Mexico declined -War Declaration: US declares war on Germany (April 6, 1917) -National Defense Act (1916): provided for increase in army and National Guard (preparedness) -Navy Act (1916): started largest naval expansion in US history -Selective Service Act (1917): required all males between 21-30 (later 18-45) to register for draft; many deserters and evaders; promoted patriotism; millions of laborers deffered because they worked in war industries -369th Infantry Regiment: all black, spent time in trenches; earned more medals than any other Americans -Shell Shock (aka War Psychosis): tremors, empty stare, paralyzed limbs, screaming, haunting dreams -Treaty of Brest Litvosk: Lenin not impressed with Wilsons 14 points; makes separate treaty with Germany. Erased centuries of Russian expansion -Dogfights: air force fighting during the war, with plane. Notable people: Red Barron and Eddie Rickenbacker (American ace) -Bolshevik Revolution (Nov. 7th 1917) Lenin (with help from Germany) overthrows temporary democratic government led by Kerensky who overthrew tsar in March

-Dollar a year executives: went to D.C. during war to serve as official consultants; helped government with advice on purchases and prices -War Industries Board (1917): government suspended antitrust laws and signed cost-plus contracts; businesses flourished during war; led by Bernard Baruch -Food Administration: led by Hoover, launched voluntary programs to increase/preserve food -Revenue Act (1917): raised surtax on high income and corporate profits; imposed federal tax on large estates and munitions manufacturers -War Revenue Act (1917): steeply graduated income tax, excess profits tax, corporate income, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and luxury items -Green Corn Rebellion: in Oklahoma, against Draft -Espionage Act (1917): forbade statements designed to impede the draft or military; banned treasonous materials -Sedition Act (1918): made it unlawful to obstruct the sale of war bonds and to use disloyal/profane language to describe the government, flag, constitution, military; limited free speech -Spanish Flu (1918): pandemic; kills 20 million worldwide -Schenck vs. US (1919): court unanimously upheld the conviction of a socialist who urged rebellion of the draft through mail -Palmer Raids: operated by Hoover, government agents searched homes without warrants and arrested people for treason -Red Summer (1919): White and black violence in cities (Chicago and Houston) -Balfour Declaration: GB promised the promote national home for Jews in Palestine -Selective Service Act: created the draft -Liberty Bonds: buy piece of government; promoted patriotism during war -Preparedness Movement: supported by Hughes -4 Min. Men: famous actors put on skits to promote the war -Great Migration: blacks moved to more urban areas Key People/Organizations

-Archduke Franz Ferdinand: assassinated by Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo (June 28th, 1914); org. by Black Hand Gang -Colonel Edward House: anti-German; CP victory would destroy free enterprise and government by law -Womens Peace Party: founded in 1915 with help from Jane Addams -American Union Against Militarism: founded by pacifist progressives including Kellog and Villard -Carnegie: founded Carnegie Endowment for Int. Peace (1910) -Jeanette Rankin: first women in Congress; cast no vote in War declaration -DuBois: encouraged blacks to join army -General John Pershing: commanded troops in France; head of American Expeditionary Forces -Womens Committee of the Council of National Defense: publicized government mobilization programs and pushed for social welfare reform; member included Ida Tarbell and Carrie Chapman Catt -National War Labor Board: est. by Wilson (1918) to keep factories running and discourage strikes and urged management to cooperate with existing unions -National Association of the Motion Picture Industry: produced documentaries, newsreels, and anti-German movies -Committee on Public Information: est. 1917 by progressive George Creel; urged selfcensorship and people to spy on neighbors -Communist International: Soviet leadership announced in 1919; purpose was to export revolution around the world -A. Mitchell Palmer: attorney general; Palmer Raids; blamed communism for radical violence -Louis Post: Sec. of Labor; enabled the release of those arrested during Palmer Raids -Marcus Garvey: called for separate black nation -Henry Cabot Lodge: led opposition of LON Reasons Against War -Drained nation of its youths -Fostered repression at home -Violated Christian morals

-People left Europe to escape war -Economically costly US Reasons for War -Zimmerman Telegram -Germanys unrestricted warfare -Sinking of the Lusitania -Propaganda -Violation of Neutrality, Sussex Pledge -Links with GB; Anglo-Saxon beliefs -Promote Democracy; Russian Revolution Causes of WWI -Militarism -Alliances -Imperialism -Nationalism/Propaganda -Industrialization -Assassination of AD Ferdinand Wilsons 14 Points -League of Nations -Freedom of Seas -Diplomacy in the public view -Lower tariffs -Armament reductions -Decolonization of colonies -Evacuation of troops from Russia, Belgium, and France -Self-determination for nationalities in Europe US Troops in War -Landed in France on June 26th, 1917 -Help blunt German forces at Chateau Thierry and retake Belleau Wood -Intervene in Russia against Bolsheviks (1918) -Suffered venereal diseases from French prostitutes -Not appreciated by French public -Argonne Forest; gained access to Germany (Sept-Nov 1918) -Allied Victory at the second battle of the Marne (July 1918) -Win at Cantigny (June 1918) -French and American forces take St. Mihiel (Sept. 1918)