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SMK SERI PERLING
MODUL KECEMERLANGAN
PREPARED BY
EN AZRI AZMI BIN ABD AZIZ
PANEL OF ADD MATHS
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
2
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
3
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
To express a given quadratic equation in general form ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 and stating the value of a , b and c.
Example 1
x
2
= 5x 9
x
2
5x + 9 = 0
Compare with the general form
ax
2
+ bx c = 0
Thus, a = 1, b = -5 and c = 9
Example 2
4x =
x
x x 2
2
4x(x) = x
2
2x
4x
2
- x
2
2x = 0
3x
2
2x = 0
Compare with the general form
Thus, a = 3, b = - 2 and c = 0
Forming quadratic equations from given roots
Example 1
3 , 2
x = 3 , x = 2
x - 3 = 0 , x-2 = 0
( x 3 )( x 2 ) = 0
x
2
5x + 6 = 0
Example 2
1, - 3
x = 1 , x = -3
x 1 = 0 , x + 3 = 0
( x 1 ) ( x + 3 ) = 0
x
2
+ 2x 3 = 0
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
4
QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
Inequalities
Example
Find the range of values of x for which 0 15 2
2
> x x
Solution
Method 1
0 15 2
2
> x x
Let ( ) 15 2
2
= x x x f
=( )( ) 5 3 + x x
When ( ) 0 = x f
( )( ) 0 5 3 = + x x
3 = x or 5
For 0 15 2
2
> x x
5 > x or 3 < x
Method 2
Using a number line
Check sign ( +ve or ve ) of any region
The signs will be alternate
3 ( ) 0 < x f
5
-3 5
+ve -ve
+ve
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
5
Look at the question :
If > : look at the +ve region
If < : look at the ve region
For 0 15 2
2
> x x
5 > x or 3 < x
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
Guidance Example
1
Arrange the linear equation such that one of
the two unknowns becomes the subject of
the equation.
(avoid fraction if possible)
x + 2y = 1
x =
2 Substitute the new equation from step 1 into
the non-linear equation .
Simplify and express in the form
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0.
( )
2
+ 4y
2
= 13
= 0
3 Solve the quadratic equation by factorisation,
completing the square or by using the
formula
(2y 3)( ) = 0,
y =
2
3
or
4 Substitute the values of the unknown
obtained in step 3 into the linear equation.
When y =
2
3
,
x = 1 2( ) =
When y = ,
x =
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
6
INDICES AND LOGARITHM
INDICES
Solve each of the following equations
Examples Exercises
1. 3
3x
= 81
3
3x
= 3
4
3x = 4
x =
3
4
1. 9
x
= 27
1-x
2. 2
x
. 4
x+1
= 64
2
x
. 2
2 (x+1)
= 2
6
x + 2x + 2 = 6
3x = 4
x =
3
4
2. 4
x
. 8
x -1
= 4
3. 0 16 8
1
=
+ x x
( ) ( ) 0 2 2
1
4 3
=
+ x x
( ) ( )
1
4 3
2 2
+
=
x x
3. 5
x
- 25
x+1
= 0
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
7
4 4 3
2 2
+
=
x x
3x = 4x + 4
x = - 4
4.
32
1
16 =
x
( )
5
4
2
1
2 =
x
5 4
2 2
=
x
4x = -5
4
5
= x
4.
x
x
32
1
8
1
=
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Determine whether two lines are parallel / perpendicular
Examples Solution
1. Determine whether the straight lines
2y x = 5 and x 2y = 3 are parallel.
2y x = 5,
y = 5
2
1
+ x ,
2
1
1
= m
x 2y = 3
y = 3
2
1
x ,
2
1
2
= m
Since
2 1
m m = , therefore the straight lines 2y x = 5 and x
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
8
2y = 3 are parallel.
2. Determine whether the straight lines
3y x 2 = 0 and y + 3x + 4 = 0 are
perpendicular.
3y x 2 = 0
y =
3
2
3
1
+ x ,
3
1
1
= m
y + 3x + 4 = 0
y= 3x 4, 3
2
= m
) 3 (
3
1
2 1
= m m = -1.
Hence, both straight lines are perpendicular.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
9
Equation of a straight line
The equation of a straight line may be expressed in the following forms:
i) The general form : ax + by + c = 0
ii) The gradient form : y = mx + c ; m = gradient , c = y-intercept
iii) The intercept form :
a
x
+
b
y
= 1 , a = x-intercept , b = y-intercept
a) If given the gradient and one point:
1
y y = ) (
1
x x m
Eg. Find the equation of a straight line that
passes through the point (2,-3) and has a
gradient of
4
1
.
1
y y = ) (
1
x x m
) 2 (
4
1
) 3 ( = x y
14 4 = x y
E1. Find the equation of a straight line that
passes through the point (5,2) and has a
gradient of -2.
y = -2x + 12
E2. Find the equation of a straight line that
passes through the point (-8,3) and has a
gradient of
4
3
.
4y = 3x + 36
Gradient = m
P(x
1
, y
1
)
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
10
b) If two points are given :
Note : You may find the gradient first, then use
either (a) y = mx + c
or (b) y y1 = m( x x1)
or
(c)
1
1
x x
y y
=
1 2
1 2
x x
y y
Eg. Find the equation of a straight line that
passes through the points (-3, -4) and (-5,6)
) 3 (
) 4 (
x
y
=
) 3 ( 5
) 4 ( 6
2
10
3
4
=
+
+
x
y
y + 4 = -5 ( x + 3 )
y = -5x- 19
c) The x-intercept and the y-intercept are given:
m = -
|
|
.
|
\
|
errcept x
ercept y
int
int
Equation of straight line is :
a
x
+
b
y
= 1
Note : Sketch a diagram to help you !
Eg. The x-intercept and the y-intercept of the
straight line PQ are 4 and -8 respectively. Find
the gradient and the equation of PQ.
m
PQ
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
errcept x
ercept y
int
int
=
|
.
|
\
|
4
8
= 2
Equation :
4
x
+
8
y
= 1
8 2 = x y
At the x-axis, y = 0
At the y-axis, x = 0
x
y
O
-
8
4
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
11
STATISTICS
Finding median using formula
The number of vehicles that pass by a toll plaza from 1 p.m to 2 p.m. for 60
consecutive days is shown in the table below.
Number of vehicles Number of days
59 50
4
69 60
10
79 70
24
89 80
16
99 90
6
Calculate the median of the number of cars using formula.
Solution :
Number of
vehicles
Number of days
(f)
Cumulative
frequency
59 50
4 4
69 60
10 (14)
79 70
(24) 38
89 80
16 ( )
99 90
6 ( )
Step 1 : Median class is given by =
30
2
60
2
T T T
n
= =
Median lies in this
interval
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
12
Therefore, the median class is 79 70
Step 2 : Median = c
f
F
n
L
m
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
2
= (___)
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
24
14
2
60
( __ )
= 76.17
To estimate the mode using a histogram
Modal class = 79 70
(c)
Class boundary Number of days
(frequency)
49.5 59.5 4
69 60
10
79 70
24
89 80
16
99 90
6
(c) The histogram is shown below
L = lower boundary of the median
class = 69.5
n =
= 60 f
F = cumulative frequency before the
median class = 14
f
m
= frequency of the median class
=24
c = size of the median class
= upper boundary lower
boundary
= 79.5 69.5
= 10
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 99.5 Number of vehicles
Estimated mode = 76
CIRCULAR MEASURE
Frequency
5
10
15
20
25
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
14
Convert measurements in radians to degrees and vice versa.
Arc length of a circle
u r s = where s = arc of a circle
r = radius of a circle
u = angle subtended at the center ( in radian )
Area of a sector
Complete the table below, given the areas and the radii of the sectors and angles subtended.
u
2
2
1
r A= , u is in radians
DIFFERENTIATION:
t
o
180
Radian Degrees
1 rad =
t
o
180
= __________
1
o
= rad
180
t
= _________
o
180
t
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
15
1. y = 10
dx
dy
=
2. y =
5
x
dx
dy
=
3. f (x) = -2
3
x
f (x)=
4. y =
x
7
dx
dy
=
5.
3
3
1
) (
x
x f =
f (x)=
6. x x y + =
2
4
dx
dy
=
7. = |
.
|
\
|
+ x
x
x
dx
d
5
1
2
2
2
=
=
dx
dy
x x y ) 2 3 (
Always change
a fractional
function to the
negative index
before finding
differentiation
8.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
16
9. Given x x y 4 3
2
= , find the value of
dx
dy
when x =2.
10. Given ( )
2
1 ) ( x x x f + = , find the value of
). 1 ( ' and ) 0 ( ' f f
INDEX NUMBER
Index number or price index ,I
100
0
1
=
Q
Q
I where Q0 = quantity or price at base time
Q1 = quantity or price at specific time
Composite index ,
=
i
i i
W
W I
I where Ii = index number
Wi = weightage
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
17
PROGRESSIONS
Finding the nth term of an AP and a GP
Arithmetic Progression Geometric Progression
Tn = a + (n 1 ) d Tn = ar
n - 1
Find the sum to infinity of geometric progressions
Express the following recurring decimal as a fraction in its simplest form
1.
.
3 . 0
Use
.
3 . 0
= 0.3333..
= 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + .
where a = 0.3 and r = 0.1
r
a
S
1
1
a
S
r
sum to infinity
a = first term
r = common ratio
S
=
1 . 0 1
3 . 0
=
9 . 0
3 . 0
=
3
1
=
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
18
LINEAR LAW
Steps to plot a straight line
Using a graph paper.
Identify Y and X from part (a)
Construct a table
Follow the scale given.
Label both axes
Line of best fit
Determine : gradient
m
Y-intercept c
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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QUESTION
Solution
x 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 9 20 35 54
The above table shows the experimental values of two variables, x and y. It
is know that x and y are related by the equation
y = px
2
+ qx
a) Draw the line of best fit for
x
y
against x
a) From your graph, find,
i) p
ii) q
STEP 1
y = px
2
+ qx
x
y
=
x
px
2
+
x
qx
x
y
= px + q
Y = mX + c
Table
Non- linear
Reduce the non-linear
To the linear form
The equation is divided throughout by x
To create a constant that is free from x
On the right-hand side i.e, q
Linear form
Y = mX + c
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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Note : For teachers reference
STEP 2
x
2
3
4
5
6
y
2
9
20
35
54
x
y
1
3
5
7
9
STEP 3
construct table
Using graph paper,
- Choose a suitable scale so that the graph
drawn is as big as possible.
- Label both axis
- Plot the graph of Y against X and draw
the line of best fit
-
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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STEP 4
Gradient , p =
2 6
1 9
= 2
y- intercept = q= -3
From the graph,
find p and q
Construct a right-angled triangle,
So that two vertices are on the line of
best fit, calculate the gradient, p
Determine the y-intercept, q
from the straight line graph
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
22
INTEGRATION
Integration of x
n
:
1.
3 1
3
3 1
x
x dx c
+
= +
+
}
=
4
4
x
c +
Integration of ax
n
:
Note :
mdx mx c = +
}
, m a constant
3 1
3
6 6.
3 1
x
x dx c
+
= +
+
}
=
4
6.
4
x
c +
=
4
3
2
x
c +
10dx =
}
10x + c
1
, 1
1
n
n
ax
ax dx c n
n
+
= + =
+
}
1
, 1
1
n
n
x
x dx c n
n
+
= + =
+
}
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
23
1 1
8 8.
1 1
x
x dx c
+
= +
+
}
=
2
8.
2
x
c +
=
2
4x c +
3
3
2
2 dx x dx
x
=
} }
=
3 1
2.
3 1
x
c
+
+
+
=
2
2.
2
x
c
=
2
1
c
x
+
To Determine Integrals of Algebraic Expressions.
Note : Integrate term by term. Expand & simplify the given expression where necessary.
Example :
2
(3 4 5) x x dx +
}
=
3 2
3 4
5
3 2
x x
x c + +
= x
3
2x
2
+ 5x + c
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
24
Definite Integral
1. Given that
2
1
( ) 3 f x dx =
}
and
2
3
( ) 7 f x dx =
}
. Find
(a) | |
2
1
the value of k if ( ) 8 kx f x dx =
}
(b) | |
3
1
5 ( ) 1 f x dx
}
Answer : (a) k =
22
3
(b) 4
2. Given that
4
0
( ) 3 f x dx =
}
and
4
0
( ) 5 g x dx =
}
. Find
(a)
4 0
0 4
( ) ( ) f x dx g x dx
} }
(b) | |
4
0
3 ( ) ( ) f x g x dx
}
Answer: (a) 15
(b) 4
4. VECTOR
Vector in the cartesian coordinates
1. State the following vector in terms in
~
i and
~
j and also in Cartesian coordinates
Example
Solution
~
2
2
0
OA i
| |
= =
|
\ .
~
0
3
3
OB j
| |
= =
|
\ .
~
~
3 4
3
4
OP p i j
= = +
| |
=
|
\ .
~
j
5
4
3
2
1
5 4 3 2
1
0
~
p
~
i
0
B
P
A
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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2. Find the magnitude for each of the vectors
Example
3
~
~
2 i j
2 2
3 2
13 unit
+
=
3. Find the magnitude and unit vector for each of the following
Example
~ ~
~
3 4 r i j = +
Solution :
2 2
~
~ ~
~
Magnitude, 3 4
= 5
1
unit vector, r, (4 3 )
5
r
i j
.
= +
= +
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
To sketch the graph of sine or cosine function , students are encouraged to follow the steps below.
1. Determine the angle to be labeled on the x-axis.
eg : Function angle
y = sin x x = 90
o
y = cos 2x 2x = 90
o
x = 45
o
y = sin x
2
3
x
2
3
= 90
o
x = 60
o
2. Calculate the values of y for each value of x by using calculator
eg : y = 1 2 cos 2x
x 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
y -1 1 3 1 -1 1 3 1 -1
. Plot the coordinates and sketch the graph
45 90
135 180 225 270 315 360
x
y
3
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
27
PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
1. The number of ways of arranging all the
alphabets in the given word.
Solution:
6! = 6.5.4.3.2.1
= 720
2. The number of ways of arranging four of the
alphabets in the given word so that last alphabet
is S
Solution:
The way to arrange alphabet S = 1
The way to arrange another 3 alphabets=
5
P
3
The number of arrangement = 1 x
5
P
3
= 60
3. How many ways to choose 5 books from 20
different books
Solution:
The number of ways=
20
C
5
= 15504
4. In how many ways can committee of 3 men
and 3 women be chosen from a group of 7 men
and 6 women ?
Solution:
The numbers of ways =
7
C
3
x
6
C
3
= 700
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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Alternative method
Black
Yellow
Black
Yellow
Black
Yellow
10
6
10
4
10
4
10
4
10
6
10
6
PROBABILITY
Question Answer
1.
The above figure shows six numbered
cards. A card is chosen at random.
Calculate the probability that the
number on the chosen card
(a) is a multiple of 3 and a factor of
12
(b) is a multiple of 3 or a factor of
12.
Let
A represent the event that the number on the chosen card
is a multiple of 3, and
B represent the event that the number on the chosen card
is a factor of 12.
A = {3, 6, 9}, n(A)= 3
B = {2, 3, 4, 6}, n(B) = 4
AB = {3, 6}
AB = {2, 3, 4, 6, 9}
(a) P(AB) =
3
1
6
2
= .
(b) P(AB) =
6
5
P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB)
=
6
2
6
4
6
3
+
=
6
5
.
2. A box contains 5 red balls, 3 yellow
balls and 4 green balls. A ball is
chosen at random from the box.
Calculate the probability that the balls
drawn neither a yellow nor a green.
P (yellow) =
3
12
.
P(green) =
4
12
P(yellow or green) =
3
12
+
4
12
=
7
12
.
3. Box C contains 4 black marbles
and 6 yellow marbles. A marbles is
chosen at random from box C, its
2 3 4 6 8 9
10
4
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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colour is noted and the marbles is
noted and the marbles is returned to
the box. Then a second marbles is
chosen. Determine the probability
that
(a) both the marbles are black.
(b) the two balls are of different
colours.
(c) at least one of the balls chosen
is yellow.
(a) P(black black)=
10
4
10
4
=
25
4
(b) P(same colours)
= P(black black) + P(yellow yellow)
=
|
.
|
\
|
25
4
+
|
.
|
\
|
10
6
10
6
=
25
13
.
(c) 1 P(both blacks) = 1
25
4
=
25
21
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
Example 1 :
Find the value of each of the following probabilities by reading the standardised normal distribution table.
(a) P(Z > 0.934)
(b) P(Z s 1.25)
Solution
(b) P(Z s 1.25) = 1 P(Z > 1.25)
= 1 0.1057
= 0.8944
1.25
1.25
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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(c) P(Z > - 0.23)
Solution
(c) P(Z > - 0.23) = 1 P(Z < - 0.23)
= 1 P(Z > 0.23)
= 1 0.40905
= 0.59095
(d) P(Z > - 1.512)
Solution
(d) P(Z < - 1.512) = P(Z > 1.512)
= 0.06527
-1.512 1.512
-0.23
0.23
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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(e) P(0.4 < Z < 1.2)
Solution
(e) P(0.4 < Z < 1.2) = P(Z > 0.4) P(Z > 1.2)
= 0.3446 0.1151
= 0.2295
(f) P(- 0.828 < Z s - 0. 555)
Solution
(f) P(- 0.828 < Z s - 0. 555) = P(Z > 0.555) P(Z > 0.828)
= 0.28945 0.20384
= 0.08561
(g) P(- 0.255 s Z < 0.13)
Solution
(g) P(- 0.255 s Z < 0.13) = 1 P(Z < - 0.255) P(Z > 0.13)
= 1 P(Z > 0.255) P(Z > 0.13)
= 1 0.39936 0.44828
= 0.15236
0.4 1.2
0.4
1.2
-0.828 -0.555
0.555
0.828
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
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Summary
Normal Distribution
Type 1
P( Z > positive no)
P ( Z > 1.2 ) = 0.1151
.....................................................
Type 2
P(Z < negative no)
P ( Z < - 0.8 ) = P (Z > 0.8)
= 0.2119
.....................................................
Type 3
P ( Z < positive no)
P ( Z < 1.3 )
= 1 P ( Z>1.3)
= 1 0.0968
= 0.9032
Type 6
P (Negative no < Z < Negative no )
P ( -1.5 < Z < - 0.8 )
= P ( 0.8 < Z < 1.5 )
= P ( Z > 0.8 ) P ( Z > 1.5 )
= 0.2119 0.0668 = 0.1451
......................................................
Type 7
P ( negative no < Z < postive no )
P ( -1.2 < Z < 0.8 )
Type 1
P ( Z > K ) = less than 0.5
P ( Z > K ) = 0.2743
K = 0.6
......................................................
Type 2
P ( Z < K ) = less than 0.5
P( Z < K ) = 0.3446
P ( Z > - K ) = 0.3446
- K = 0.4
K = - 0.4
-0.255 0.13
0.13
-0.255
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
34
......................................................
Type 4.
P( Z > negative no)
P ( Z > - 1.4 )
= 1 P ( Z < -1.4 )
= 1 0.0808
= 0.9192
....................................................
Type 5
P( positive no < Z < positive no)
P ( 1 < Z < 2 )
= P ( Z > 1 ) P ( Z > 2 )
= 0.1587 0. 0228
= 0.1359
= 1 P ( Z > 0.8) P ( z < -1.2 )
= 1 P ( Z > 0.8 ) P ( Z > 1.2 )
= 1 0.2119 0.1151
=0.673
.......................................................
Type 3
P( Z < K ) = more than 0.5
P ( Z < K ) = 0.8849
P ( Z > K ) = 1 0.8849
= 0.1151
K = 1.2
......................................................
Type 4
P ( Z > K ) = more than 0.5
P ( Z > K ) = 0.7580
P( Z < K ) = 1 0.7580 = 0.2420
P ( Z > -k ) = 0.2420
- K= 0.7
K = - 0.7
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
35
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Problem interpretation and the formation of the relevant equations or inequalities
The table below shows the mathematical expressions for the different inequalities used.
Mathematical Expressions Inequality
a y greater than x
x y >
b y less than x
x y <
c y not more than x x y s
d y not less than x x y >
e
The sum of x and y is not more than k k y x s +
f
y is at least k times the value of x
kx y >
g y exceeds x at least k
y x k >
Example:
A company delivers 900 parcels using x lorries and y vans. Each lorry carries 150 parcels while each van
carries 60 parcels. The cost of transporting the parcels using a lorry is RM 60 while that of a van is RM 40 .
The total cost spent on transportation is not more than RM 480.
(a) Write down two inequalities other than x 0 and y 0 , that satisfy all of the above conditions.
Solution
(a)
30 2 5
900 60 150
> +
> +
y x
y x
..
24 2 3
480 40 60
s +
s +
y x
y x
.
The two inequalities that satisfy the given conditions are :
30 2 5 > + y x and 24 2 3 s + y x
1
2
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
36
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
37
CHAPTER 1: FUNCTION
SECTION A
1. The function f is defined as 4 ,
4
3
) ( =
x
x
x f . Find
i) ) 2 ( f
ii) 1 ) ( = x f
iii) x x f = ) (
2. Given that the function 4 7 : + x x g . Find the value of p if 2 5 ) 2 ( + = p g .
3. The function g is defined as k x
x
x g =
+
= ,
1 2
3
) ( . Find the value of
i) k.
ii) |
.
|
\
|
2
3
g
4. Figure below shows an arrowed diagram that represent q px x f + =
2
) ( .
x f (x)
1 1
-2 -5
Find the value of p and of q.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
38
SECTION B
1. Given that f : x
1 2
3
+ x
, x = - and g: x 3x + 1 . Find fg(x).
[3 marks]
2. Given that the function f(x) = 2 x and the function fg(x) = 1 3x
2
. Find the function g.
[3 marks]
3. The functions f and g are defined as f: x 3x + 4 and g: x x
2
+ 6 respectively. Find
the values of x for which fg = gf [4 marks]
4. Given that h: x 4/x , x = 0 , and hg : x 8x, find
(a) g(x)
(b) the value of x for which gh(x) = 6 [3 marks ]
SECTION C
Inverse Functions.
1. Function f defined as
2
1
,
1 2
3
: =
+
x
x
x
x f , find ). (
1
x f
2. Given that 3 ,
3
2
: =
+
x
x
x
x f , find the value of ). 2 (
1
f
3. Function f and g are defined by 9 3 : x x f and 3 2 : + x x g , find . ) (
1
gf
4. Given b ax x f + : and
2
1
:
1
x
x f find the value of a and b.
SECTION D
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
39
1. Given the f : x 3x 1 and g : x x + 7 . Find
(a) the image of 4 under f
(b) the value of f
-1
g (3)
(c) f
-1
g
-1
(x)
2. The function f is defined by f : x 3x + 4 and function g is defined g : x x
2
+ 6.
Find the value of
(a) fg(3)
(b) gf
-1
(1)
3. Functions f and g are defined by f : x 2x + 3 and g : x
8
13
+
x
x
, x 8. Find the
value of gf
-1
(5)
4. A function f is defined by f : x
1
2 3
+
x
x
, x 1. Find the value of
(a) ff
-1
(2)
(b) f
-1
(4)
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
40
Answers
SECTION A:
1 i)
) 2 ( 4
3
) 2 (
= f
=
2
1
ii)
) ( 4
3
1
x
=
3 4 = + x
x = 7
iii)
) ( 4
3
x
x
=
3 4
2
= x x
0 3 4
2
= + x x
0 ) 3 )( 1 ( = x x
3 , 1 = x
2. 18 4 ) 2 ( 7 ) 2 ( = + = g
5p + 2 = 18
5p = 16
p =
5
16
3. i) 2k + 1 = 0
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
41
k =
2
1
ii)
1 )
2
3
( 2
3
) (
+
= x g =
4
3
4 1 = + q p , q = 1 p (1)
4p + q = 5 (2)
substitute (1) into (2)
4p + (1 p) = 5
3p = 6
p = 2 , q = 3
SECTION B:
1. f(x) =
1 2
3
+ x
g(x) = 3x + 1
fg(x) = f (3x + 1)
=
1 ) 1 3 ( 2
3
+ + x
=
3 6
3
+ x
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
42
= 2 / 1 ,
1 2
1
=
+
x
x
2. f(x) = 2 - x
fg(x) = 1 3x
2
2 g(x) = 1 3x
2
1 + 3x
2
= g(x)
3. fg = gf
3( x
2
+ 6) + 4 = (3x + 4)
2
+ 6
3x
2
+18 + 4 = 9x
2
+ 24x + 16 + 6
6x
2
+ 24x = 0
6x( x + 4) = 0
x = 0, -4
4. h(x) = 4 hg(x) = 8x
X
(a) h [g(x) ] = 8x
4 = 8x
g(x)
g(x) = 4
8x
SECTION C
1. Let y x f =
). (
1
So x y f = ). (
(b) gh(x) = 6
6
)
4
( 8
4
=
x
x = 48
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
43
2
1
,
2 1
3
) ( ,
2 1
3
3 ) 2 1 (
3 2
2 3
) 1 2 ( 3
1 2
3
1
=
+
=
+
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
=
+
x
x
x
x f Theref ore
x
x
y
x x y
x xy y
x xy y
y x y
x
y
y
2. Let ) 2 (
1
= f y
Then 2 ). ( = y f
8 ,
8
2 6 2
6 2 2
2
3
2
1
=
=
= +
= +
=
f Thus
y
y y
y y
y
y
3. ) 9 3 ( ) ( = x g x gf
15 6
3 ) 9 3 ( 2
=
+ =
x
x
Let 15 6 = x y
6
15 +
=
y
x
6
15
) ( ) ( ,
1
+
=
x
x gf Thus
4. b ax x f + :
y x Letf =
:
1
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
44
a
b x
y
b ay x
y f x
=
+ =
= ) (
Hence
a
b x
x f
=
) (
1
a
b x x
=
2
1
Thus a = 2 and b = 1
SECTION D:
1. (a) 11
(b)
3
11
(c)
3
6 x
2. (a) 49
(b) 7
3. -
3
14
4. (a) -12
(b)
7
6
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
45
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
46
CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Write down the quadratic equation which has the roots of 3 and -2
2. Solve the equation 2x
2
+ 11x 21 = 0
3. Write down the roots of the equation (3 x) (2x + 3) = 0
4. Given that p and p-8 are the roots of the quadratic equation x
2
+ 2x +q = 0. Find the value of p
and q.
5. Given that -1 is one of the roots of the quadratic equation . 0 6
2
= + px x Find the value of p.
6. Find the roots of quadratic equation . 0 2 6
2
= + x x
7. The quadratic equation k x x + = + 3 2
2
has no real roots. Find the range of values of k.
8. Given that the equation 0 5
2 2
= + n mx x has two equal roots.
Find the relation between m and n.
9. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 2x
2
= 15 7x.
10. Solve the quaratic equation x(10 5x) = 4 by using formula.
11. Find the values of k in the quadratic equation x
2
+ 3k = 2kx 4 if the roots are equal.
12. The quadratic equation x
2
+ x = kx 4 has two distinct roots. Find the range of values of k.
CHAPTER 3: QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
13. Find the value of k if the x-axis is the tangent to the graph of the function
y = 2kx
2
4x
2
3kx + 1
14. Find the value of p if the graph of the function y = x
2
-3x + 6 p cuts the x-axis at two distinct
points.
15. Given that f(x) = (3x 2)
2
+ 7. State the minimum value of f(x) and the value of x
corresponding to this minimum value.
16. Given that the graph f(x) = h 2(k x)
2
has a maximum point of (3, 4). Find the value of h
and k.
17. Figure 1 shows the graph of the function y = p ( x + n )
2
where p and n are constants
Figure 1
y
( 0, k )
( -3 , 11 )
x
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
47
Find,
(a) the value of p
(b) the equation of the axis of symmetry
(c) the value of n and k
18. Given that q p x a x x + = +
2 2
) ( 5 6 3 , find the values of
a) a b) p c) q
19. The quadratic function 12 ) 5 ( 2 ) (
2
+ + = x x f has a minimum value at point A.
Find the coordinates of point A.
20. Diagram 1 shows the graph of the quadratic function
2
12 8 ) ( x x x f = .
Find the values of a and b.
Answer:
1. x
2
x -6 = 0
2. . x = -7 ,
2
3
3. . x =
2
3
, 3
4. . p = 3 , q = -15
5. -5
6. )
3
2
,
2
1
(
7.
8
25
< k
8. 5m = 2n
9. 3 , - 5
10. 0.553 , 1.447
11. -1 , 4
) (x f
0 a b x
Diagram 1
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
48
12. k < -3 , k > 5
13. 4 ,
7
4
14. p >
4
15
15. min value = 7 , x =
3
2
16. h = - 4 , k = 3
17. a) 11 b) x = -3 c) n = 3 , k = 2
18. a = 2 ; p = 1 ; q = 2
19. (-5,13)
20. a = 2 ; b = 6
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
49
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
50
2
3( 2) x y = +
1.
4
y
x
=
+
2
( 2) 19 5
ky
x k y y
x
+ = =
1
, 3 2 A y B x
x
= + =
4 . C y =
CHAPTER 4: SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
1. Solve the simultaneous equations 2x + y = 6 and x
2
+ xy = 8.
2. Solve the simultaneous equations x
2
+ y = 2x + y = 7
3. Solve the simultaneous equations 5x 3y = x
2
2xy = 21
4. Solve the simultaneous equations
5. Solve the simultaneous equations
6.
.
Give your answers correct to 4 significant figures.
7. Given that (h, 2) is a solution for the simultaneous equation
whereby h and k are constants. Determine the values of h and k.
8. Given that a curve and a straight line
Without drawing their graphs, calculate their points of intersection.
9. Given that and
Find the values of x and y such that 2A = 3B = 2C.
.
1
y
x
x
+ = 2 6 x y = + and
2
2
x
y =
and ( ) 7. y y x + =
3 5 1 x y =
3
2 2 y
x
= and
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
51
(2 , 3 ) p q
2
2 8 2 4 xy y x y = =
10. Given that is a solution for the simultaneous equation
whereby p and q are constants. Determine the values of p and q.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
52
2 6 6 2
2 2
8 (6 2 ) 8
2
6 8 0
( 4)( 2) 0
4 2
6 2(4) 6 2(2)
2 2
x y y x
x xy x x x
x x
x x
x or x
y y
+ = => =
+ = => + =
+ =
=
= =
= =
= =
2 2
2
2 7 7 2
7 (7 2 ) 7
2 0
( 2) 0
0 2
7 2(0) 7 2(2)
7 3
x y y x
x y x x
x x
x x
x or x
y y
+ = => =
+ = => + =
=
=
= =
= =
= =
2 2
2 2
5 21
5 3 21
3
5 21
2 21 2 21
3
7 42 63 0 6 9 0
( 3)( 3) 0
3
5(3) 21
3
2
x
x y y
x
x xy x x
x x x x
x x
x
y
= => =
(
= => =
(
+ = => + =
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
2 6 2 6
1
(2 6)
6 0
( 3)( 2) 0
3 2
2( 3) 6 2(2) 6
12 2
x y y x
y
x y x x
x
x x x
x x
x x
x or x
y y
= + => =
+ = => + =
+ =
+ =
+ =
= =
= =
= =
( )
2 4 2
2
( ) 7 4 2 7 0
2
3 4 7 0
(3 7)( 1) 0
7
or 1
3
7
4 2( ) 4 2(1)
3
2
6
3
x
y x y
y y x y y y x
y y
y y
y y
x x
= => = +
( + = => + + + + =
+ =
+ =
= =
= + = +
= =
2
2
3 1
3 5 1
5
3 3 3 1
2 2 2 2
5
6 8 15 0
8 8 4(6)( 15)
2(6)
1.049 2.383
3(1.049) 1 3( 2.383) 1
5 5
0.4294
x
x y y
x
y
x x
x x
x
x or x
y y
= => =
| |
= => =
|
\ .
+ =
=
= =
= =
= 1.630 =
ANSWER
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
53
2
2
2
2
(2)
5 5 2
3
2
( 2) 19 5
( ) ( 2)(2) 19 5
3
( ) ( 2)(2) 19 5
2
3 28 0
( 7)( 4) 0
7 4
3( 7) 3(4)
2 2
21
2
ky k
y
x h
h
k
x k y
h k
h
h
h h
h h
h or h
k k
= => =
=
+ =
=> + =
+ =
+ =
+ =
= =
= =
= 6 =
2 2
3 2 3(3 2 ) 2(4 )
2 1
6
1
2 2 2( ) 2(4 )
1
2 2(4 )
2 1
6
4 6 2 0 2 3 1 0
(2 1)( 1) 0
1
1
2
1
2( ) 1
2(1) 1
2
6 6
B C x y
y
x
A C y y
x
y y
y
y y y y
y y
y or y
x x
= => =
+
=> =
= => + =
| |
|
=> + =
|
+
|
\ .
+ = => + =
=
= =
+
+
= =
1 1
3 2
= =
| |
2
2
2
1 4
4
3( 2)
3 ( 4) 2
3 18 0
( 6)( 3) 0
6 3
6 4 3 4
10 1
(6,10) ( 3, 1)
y
y x
x
x y
x x
x x
x x
x or x
y y
and
= => = +
+
= +
=> = + +
=
+ =
= =
= + = +
= =
=>
2
2
2
2 4 2 2(3 ) 4
3 2
2 8 4
2(2 )(3 ) 8(3 ) 4
12 (3 2) 72 4
2
9 6 1 0
(3 1)(3 1) 0
1
3
1
3( ) 2 3
3
x y p q
p q
xy y
p q q
q q q
q q
q q
q
p
= => =
= +
=
=> =
+ =
+ =
=
=
= + =
7.
9.
8.
10.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
54
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
55
INDICES AND LOGARITHMS
1. Given that (3
x
) (4
x
) = 144, find the value of x.
2. If 2
x
= y, express 128(4
x 3
) in terms of y.
3. Solve the equation 9
2x + 1
27
x
= 0.
4. Solve the equation 9
x + 1
= 10(3
x
).
5. Solve 4
x + 3
= 1.
6. Evaluate each of the following.
(a) log 3 0.125 (b) log 4 3.8 (c) log 2 4.187
7. Given that log 7 2 = 0.3562, log 7 3 = 0.5646 and log 7 5 = 0.8271, find the value of each of
the following.
(a) log 2 42 (b) log 14 30
8. Given that log 5 p = q, express each of the following in terms of q.
(a) log p 625 (b) log p 5
9. Given log 3 p = m, express the following in terms of m.
(a) log 3 9p (b) log p 81
10. Given log m 3 = x and log m 2 = y, express the following in terms of x and or y.
(a) log 6 m
2
(b) log 8 m
11. Given 3 log
3
x = 2log
3
y. Express x in terms of y.
12. Given log
m
2 = x and log
m
5 = y. Express log
m
12.5m in terms of x and y.
13. Solve 4
x
5
log
= 64.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
56
14. Solve log
9
[log
3
(2x + 1)] = log
16
4.
15. Solve the equation 3
2x
9
x -1
= 27
16. Solve the equation x
5
25 = 600.
17. Solve the equation 4
2x
= 2
x+6
18. Solve the equation log5 2x = 3 log5 4
19. Given that the equation log10 p = 1 3 log10 q can be expressed in the form p = mq
k
, find
the values of m and k
20. Solve 4(3
x
) = 5
x + 1
.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
57
Answer:
1. (3
x
) (4
x
) = 144
12
x
= 144
x = 2
2. 128(4
x 3
) = 2
7
(2
2x 6
)
= 2
2x + 1
= 2y
2
3. 9
2x + 1
27
x
= 0
9
2x + 1
= 27
x
3
4x + 2
= 3
3x
4x + 2 = 3x
x = -2
4. 9(9
x
)
= 10(3
x
)
(9
x
) = 10
(3
x
) 9
3
x
= 10
9
x log 3 = log 10
9
x = 0.0959
5. 4
x + 3
= 4
0
x + 3 = 0
x = 3
6. a) -1.893 a) -1.893
b)0.4815
c) 4.132
7. a) 5.392
b)1.289
8. a) 4
q
b) 1
q
9. a) 2 + m
b) 4
m
10. a) 2 =
x + y
b) 1
3y
11. 3 log
3
x = 2log
3
y
3log
3
3 log
3
x = 2log
3
y
log
3
[
x
3
3
] = log
3
y
2
x
27
= y
2
x =
2
27
y
12. log
m
12.5m = log
m
10
125
m
= log
m
10
125
+ log
m
m
= log
m
125 log
m
10 + log
m
m
= 3log
m
5 log
m
(2 5) + log
m
m
= 3y x y + 1
= 2y x + 1
13. 4
x
5
log
= 4
3
log
5
x = 3
x = 5
3
x = 125
14. log
9
[ log
3
(2x + 1) ] = log
16
4
log
9
[ log
3
(2x + 1) ] =
16 log
4 log
4
4
log
9
[ log
3
(2x + 1) ] =
2
1
log
3
( 2x + 1) = 9
2
1
log
3
( 2x + 1) = 3
2x + 1 = 3
2x = 27 1
x =
2
26
x = 13
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
58
15. 3
2x
3
(x -1)
= 3
3
2x + 2x-2
= 3
2x + 2x 2 = 3
4x 2 = 3
4x = 5
x = 5
4
16. 5
x
= 625
5
4
= 625
x = 4
17. 4
2x
= 2
x+6
(2)
x
= 2
x+6
2
4x
= 2
x+6
4x = x + 6
4x x = 6
3x = 6
x = 2
18. log5 2x = 3 log5 4
log5 2x = log5 4
log5 2x = log5 64
2x = 64
x = 32
19. log10 p = 1 3 log10 q
log10 p = log10 10 3 log10 q
log10 p = log10 10 log10 q
log10 p = log10 10
q
p = 10q
-
p = mq
k
Therefore, m = 10 and k = -3
20. log 4 + log 3
x
= log 5
x + 1
log 4 + x log 3 = (x + 1) log 5
= x log 5 + log 5
x log 5 x log 3 = log 4 log 5
x (log 5 log 3) = log 4 log 5
x = (log 4 log 5)
(log 5 log 3)
= 0.4368
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
59
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
60
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. The distance between two points A(2, 7) and B(p, -1) is 10 units
2
. Find the posiibles
values of p.
2. A point T divides the lines segment joining points P(5, -2) and Q(-5, 13) internally in
the ratio 2: 3. Find the coordinate of point T.
3. The coordinates of the triangle ABC are A(m, 0), B(-3, 5) and C(3, 2). Given that the
area of the triangle ABC is 24 units
2
. Find the possible values of m.
4. Diagram 1 shows a straight line JKL. Points J and L lie on the y-axis and x-axis
respectively. A coordnate of K is (5, a).
Find the value of a.
5. Diagram 2 shows a quadrilateral PQRS.
Given the coordinates of P, Q and R are (-3, -1), (1, 4) and (7, 3) respectively. If the
midpoint of the lines PR and QS meet at M. Find
(a) the coordinatesof M and S,
y
- K(5, a)
L
-
8- J
x
DIAGRAM 1
S
R
Q
P
y
x
DIAGRAM 2
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
61
(b) the area of the quadrilateral.
6. Given the coordinates of A(0, t) and B(p, 0) lie on the straight line and its gradient is t
2. Find t in terms of p.
7. Diagram 3 shows two straight lines OP and PR. PR is parallel to the y-axis.
Given the length of OP is 15 and OR is 9 unit. Find
(a) the coordinate of P,
(b) the gradient of OP.
8. The coordinates A(4, 6) and B(0, 8) are two points on the straight line.
(a) Find the equation of the straight line AB,
(b) If the point P(10, t) lies on the straight line, find the value of t.
9. Find the equation of a straight line joining the points A(3, k) and B(2, -2k) in terms of k
and x.
10. Given the equation of a straight line is 2y + x = 10. Find the y-intercept and
the gradient of the straight line.
11. The intersection point of the straight lines px + 4y = 10 and 3x + 6y = -9 meets at point
M(q,
2
1
). Find the value of p and of q.
12. The line px 6y = 30 is parallel to the line 2x + 3y 42 = 0. Find the value of p.
R
P
O
y
x
DIAGRAM 3
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
62
13. Find the equation of the line passing thriugh the x-intercept
3
10
and parallel to the
line 1
4 6
=
y x
.
14. Find the equation of the line parallel to 1
3 12
= +
y x
and its y-intercept is -2. If (p, 4 p)
lies on this line, find the value of p.
15. The line y = ax + b is perpendicular to the line 3x + 2y = 18 and passing through the
point (15, 4). Find the value of a and of b.
16. Find the equation of the locus of point P such that the ratio of its distances from points
A(-3, -4) and B(7, 4) is 2 : 3.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
63
Answer:
1. -9, 7
2. (-1, 7)
3. -9, 32
4. 3
5. (a) (2, 1), ( 3, -2)
(b) 29.5
6.
1
2
+
=
p
p
t
7. (a) (9, 12)
(b)
3
4
8. (a) x + 2y = 16
(b) 3
9. y = 3kx 8h
10. y-intercet = 5 and gradient =
2
1
11. p = 4 and q = 2
12. -4
13. -2x + 3y = 15
14. x + 4y = -2, p = 8
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
64
15. 6 ,
3
2
= = b a
16. 0 35 104 10 5 5
2 2
= + + + y x y x
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
65
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
66
STATISTICS
1. The set of data 6 , 3 , 1 , 5 3 , 3 , 4
2
+ + r r r r r r is arranged in ascending order. If
the median is 2, find the positive value of r. [3 marks]
2. Mean of a set of five numbers 2,12, 8, 3 and x is 6. Calculate
(a) the value of x [2 marks]
(b)variance of these numbers. [2 marks]
3. Find the interquartile range of the set of data 19, 7, 13, 10, 14, 8, 15, 12 and 17.
[2 marks]
4. The frequency distribution Table 1 illustrates the number of children in families in
a village.
Number of children 1 2 4 x
Number of families 2 5 7 6
TABLE 1
If the mean number of children per family is 5, calculate
(a) the value of x [2 marks]
(b) the standard deviation of the distribution [2 marks]
5. Given the mean of 5 positive integers is 8. When a new integer p is added to the group,
the mean becomes 12. Find the value of p. [2 marks]
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
67
6. 11, 13, 13, 14, 15, 16, k is a set of 7 positive integers arranged in the ascending order.
Given that the difference between the mean and the first quartile is 1.
Find the value of k. [2 marks]
7. Table 2 shows the distribution of marks scored in the February monthly test.
Find the range of the marks. [2 marks]
TABLE 2
8. Table 3 shows the points obtained by survey done with a group of fresh
graduates. Find the range of value of x if the median point is 4. [2 marks]
TABLE 3
9 . If the mean of x - 2, x + 4, 2x + 1, 2x - 1, x + 5 and x - 1 is 5. Find the value x and
hence determine the variance. [4 marks]
10. Table 4 shows a set of points scored during a contest. They are arranged in
the ascending order and r is a positive integer. Find for each value of the r, the
possible values of the mode. [2 marks]
TABLE 4
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
68
ANSWER:
1. r = 2
2. (a) x = 5
(b) 13.2
3. 7
4. (a) x = 10
(b) 3421
5. 32
6. k = 16
7. 40
8. x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
9. x = 3
Variance = 2.67
10. r = 5
Mode = 4
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
69
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
70
CIRCULAR MEASURE
1. Diagram 1 shows a semicircle OABC.
Given the radius is 5 cm. Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
2. Diagram 2 shows a quadrant OAB of a circle with centre O.
Given that, ON = 6 cm and BN = 10 cm. Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
0.8 rad.
A
O
DIAGRAM 1
B
C
DIAGRAM 2
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
71
3. Diagram 3 shows a semicircle with centre O
Given the radius of the is 4.5 cm. Find the perimeter of the sector OAB.
4. Diagram 4 shows a sector ORS with centre O.
Given that the radius is 8.88 cm and the perimeter of the sector ORS is 25 cm.
Find the value of in radian.
DIAGRAM 3
DIAGRAM 4
O
R
S
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
72
5. Diagram 5 shows a quadrant of a circle OABC.
. Given the area of the sector OAB is 36 cm
2
, find,
a) the length of arc AB,
b) the angle in degrees.
6. Diagram 6 shows a sector with centre O and radius r.
Given that the length of the arc PQR is 46.5 cm, find the value of r.
7. Diagram 7 shows a circle with centre O.
O
B
A
C
12 cm
DIAGRAM 5
DIAGRAM 6
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
73
Given that the radius is 7.2 cm and the length of the major arc AB is 35 cm, find the value of
.
8. Diagram shows a circular sector OPRQ with centre O.
Given
that the perimeter of the sector OPRQ is 50 cm, find,
a) the value of in radians,
b) the area of the shaded region.
DIAGRAM 7
20 cm
O
P
Q
R
DIAGRAM 8
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
74
9. Diagram 9 shows a circle with centre O.
. Given that the length of the major arc AB is 4.55 cm. Find the length, in cm, of the radius. (
use = 3.142 )
10. Diagram 10 shows a sector OEF of a circle with centre O.
The length of major arc EF is 15 cm, find the radius of the circle.
60
0
DIAGRAM 10
O
A
B
0.354 rad.
DIAGRAM 9
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
75
11. Diagram 11 shows a semicircle with centre O.
Given the radius is 6 cm. Find the area of sector OEG.
12. Diagram 12 shows a sector POQ with centre O.
Find (a) the value of , in radians,
(b) the area of sector POQ.
13. Diagram 13 shows two sectors, OEH and OFG, with centre O. OEF and OHG are straight
lines.
DIAGRAM 11
DIAGRAM 12
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
76
Given that OE = 6 cm, EF = 2 cm and ZEOH = 1.2 radian. Find the area of the
shaded region.
14. Diagram 14 shows OAC and OBD are two concentric sectors with centre O.
DIAGRAM 14
DIAGRAM 13
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
77
Given that the lengths of the arc AC, the arc BD and AB are 11.2 cm, 18.2 cm and 5 cm
respectively, calculate
(a) the value of 0 in radians,
(b) the length of OA,
(c) the area of the shaded region.
15. Diagram 15 shows a sector OAC with centre O.
Given that the radius is 10 cm. Find,
(a) (i) the perimeter of the segment ABC,
(ii) the area of the shaded region.
(b) Express the area of the shaded region as a
percentage of the area of the sector OAC.
DIAGRAM 15
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
78
Answers of Circular Measures
1. 21.71 cm
2. 24.57 cm
3. 20cm
4. 0.815 rad.
5. a) 6 cm
b) 61.35
6. 9.515cm
7. 1.422 rad
8. (a) 0.5 rad.
(b) 15.86 cm
2
9. 12.85 cm
10. 9 cm
11. 42.15 cm
2
12. a) 0.5 rad
b) 36 cm
2
13. 16.8 cm
2
14. 1.4rad b) 8cm c)73.5 cm
2
15. a) i) 33.67cm ii) 41.31cm
2
b) 45.9%
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
79
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
80
DIFFERENTIATIONS
1. Find the value of ( ) n
n
+
5 limit
2
2. Find the value of ( )
n
n
03 . 0 limit
3. Find the value of
1
1
limit
2
1
+
n
n
n
4. Find the value of
n
n n
n
2
limit
2
0
5. Find the value of
3
6
limit
2
3
+
+
x
x x
n
6. Differentiate each of the following with respect to x.
(a) y = 2x
6
(b) y = x
3
+ 3x
2
5 (c) y = (x + 3)(x 5)
3 x
2
7. If f(t) = 8at
4
and f (-2) = -6, find the value of a.
8. Given U = (2V 3)
2
.
V
2
(a) find dU,
dV
(b) determine the value of dU when V = -1.
dV
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
81
9. Given that f(x) = (x
2
5x)(x + 3). Find the possible values of x if f (x) = 0.
10. Given that f(x) = 2x
3
x
2
6x. Find f (x).
x(x 4)
11. Given y = (2t 3)
2
and x = t
2
+ 2. Find dy in terms of t.
dx
12. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 2x
2
x + 3 that is parallel to the
straight line y = 3x 4.
13. Find the gradient of the normal to the curve y = (x + 3)
2
at x = 2.
x
14. Given f(x) = px
3
+ 2x
2
5x + 3 has turning point at x = -1. Find the value of p.
15. Find the coordinates of the turning points for the curve y = 4x + 1/x.
16. Given that
3
3
4
r V t = , find
dr
dV
.
17. Differentiate
7 4
) 3 1 ( x x + with respect to x.
18. Find
|
.
|
\
|
x dx
d
2
9
.
19. Given that 144
2
= rh , find the value of
dh
dr
when 4 = h .
20. Differentiate
1 2
5
x
x
with respect to x.
21. Given that k k y =
2
3 and 2 5 = k x , find
dx
dy
in terms of x.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
82
22. If p p v = + 1 ) 2 ( , find the value of
dp
dv
when p = 1.
23. Given that
3
) 1 3 ( = x y . Find the rates of change of x when x = 2 if y increases at a
rate of 3 unit s
1
.
24. Given x x y =
3
6 . Find the small change in y when x decreases from 3 to 2.98.
25. Given
5
7
x
y = . Find the small change in y when x decreases from 5 to 4.98.
Hence, estimate the value of
5
) 98 . 4 (
7
.
26. Given that y = 2x + x 4, find
dx
y d
.
27. f(x) = ( 1 + 2x), find f(x).
28. Find the turning points of curve y = 4x + 9x +6x + 1 and determine if they are
maximum or minimum points.
29. Given that y = x(2x + 1), express and simplify x
dx
y d
- 2
dx
dy
+ 8 in terms of x.
Hence, find the value of x that satisfies the equation x
dx
y d
- 2
dx
dy
+ 8 = 0.
30. Find f (1) of f(x) = 4x + 2x -
x
1
.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
83
Answer:
1.) 7
2.) 0
3.) 2
4.) 2
5.) 5
6.) (a) 4x
5
(b) 1 + 10
x
3
(c) 2x 2
7.) 3/2
8.) 6V 18
V
3
9.) -5/3, 3
10.) -7/(x 2)
3
11.) (4t 6)/ t
12.) y = 3x + 1
13.) 4/5
14.) 3
15.) (1/2, 1), (-1/2, -7)
16.)
2
4 r t
17.) ) 33 4 ( ) 3 1 (
6 3
x x x + +
18.)
2
) 2 (
9
x
19.)
2
9
20.)
2
) 1 2 (
5
x
21.) ) 7 6 (
25
1
+ x
22.)
3
1
23.) 1/ 75
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
84
24.) - 3.22
25.) 4.48 10
-5
, 2.2848 10
-3
26.) 4
27.) 6(1 + 2x)
28.) (-
2
1
, -
4
1
) is a minimum point and (-1, 0) is a maximum point.
29.) 4
30.) 26
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
85
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
86
P
Q R
42
o
50
o
12 cm
K
L M N
12 cm
14 cm
35
o
10 cm
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE
1. The Diagram 1 shows a triangle PQR.
DIAGRAM 1
Calculate
a) the length of QR,
b) the perpendicular distance of P to QR,
c ) the area of the triangle.
2. In the following diagram, LMN is a straight line.
DIAGRAM 2
Find
a) KML,
b) the length of MN,
c) the area of the whole diagram.
Z
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
87
3. In the Diagram 3, CDEF is a square and EFG is a straight line.
DIAGRAM 3
Calculate
a) FCH,
b) the length of FG,
c) the area of quadrilateral CFGH.
4. In the Diagram 4, PQR is a straight line and QRS is an isosceles triangle.
DIAGRAM 4
Find
a) the length of SQ,
b) SPQ,
c) the area of triangle SPR.
5. In the Diagram 5, LMN is a straight line.
Z
Z
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
88
DIAGRAM 5
Calculate
a) KMO,
b) the area of the whole diagram.
6. The Diagram 6 shows a quadrilateral MNOP.
DIAGRAM 6
Find
a) PNO,
b) the length of MO,
c) the area of triangle MNO.
Z
Z
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
89
50 Sin
12
50 Sin
12
482 . 10
PS
2
1
885 . 6
35 Sin
14
416 . 91 Sin
416 . 91 Sin
14
2
1
ANSWER
1.
a) P = 180
o
50
o
42
o
= 88
o
QR = Sin 88
o
= 15.655 cm
b) PQ = Sin 42
o
= 10.482 cm
Sin 50
o
=
PS = 10.482 x 0.7660 = 8.030 cm
c) The area of PQR
= 10.482) (15.655) sin 50
o
= 62.852 cm
2
2.
a)
LM
2
= KL
2
+ KM
2
2 (KL) (KM) cos MKL
= 12
2
+ 10
2
2 (12) (10) cos 35
o
= 47.404
LM = 6.885 cm
Sin KML = 12
KML = 88.584
o
b) KMN = 180
o
88.584
o
= 91.416
o
Sin KNM = 10
KNM = 45.567
o
MKN = 180
o
45.567
o
91.416
o
= 43.017
o
MN = Sin 43.017
o
= 9.554 cm
c) The area of whole diagram
= (12) (14) sin (35
o
+ 43.017
o
)
= 82.170 cm
2
P
Q R
42
o
50
o
12 cm
S
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
90
5 . 8
57 Sin
57 Sin
5 . 8
5
33 Sin
33 Sin
5
2
1
2
1
67 Sin
7
872 . 10
5 . 123 Sin
2
1
3.
a) From the diagram,
CF = 10 cm and CFH = 57
o
Sin CHF = 10
CHF = 80.635
o
FCH = 180
o
57
o
80.635
o
= 42.365
o
b) HFG = 180
o
147
o
= 33
o
FH = Sin 42.365
o
= 6.83 cm
Sin HGF = 6.83
HGF = 131.929
o
FHG = 180
o
33
o
131.929
o
= 15.071
o
FG = Sin 15.071
o
= 2.387 cm
c) The area of quadrilateral CFGH = Area of
CFH + Area of FGH
= (8.5) (6.83) sin 80.635
o
+
(2.387) (5) sin 131.929
o
= 28.641 + 4.44 = 33.081 cm
2
4.
a) SRQ = 0.5 (180
o
67
o
) = 56.5
o
SQ = Sin 56.5
o
= 6.341 cm
b) SQP = 180
o
56.5
o
= 123.5
o
SP
2
= PQ
2
+ SQ
2
2 (PQ) (SQ) cos SQP
= 6
2
+ 6.341
2
2 (6) (6.341) cos 123.5
o
= 118.206
SP = 10.872 cm
Sin SPQ = 6.341
SPQ = 29.1
o
The area of SPR c)
= (10.872) (13) sin 29.1
o
= 34.369 cm
2
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
91
) )( ( 2
2 2 2
MN OM
ON MN OM +
) 16 )( 13 ( 2
9 16 13
2 2 2
+
10
46 Sin
2
1
2
1
86 Sin
12
) )( ( 2
2 2 2
PN NO
PO PN NO +
) 374 . 11 )( 10 ( 2
4 374 . 11 10
2 2 2
+
2
1
5.
a) Cos
OMN =
= = 0.8269
OMN = 34.216
o
Sin LKM = 4
LKM = 16.722
o
KML = 180
o
46
o
16.722
o
= 117.278
o
KMO = 180
o
34.216
o
117.278
o
= 28.506
o
b) The area of the whole diagram
= Area of KLM + Area of OMN
= (10) (4) sin 117.278
o
+
(13) (16) sin 34.216
o
= 17.776 + 58.481
= 76.257 cm
2
6.
a) MPN = 180
o
71
o
23
o
= 86
o
NP = Sin 71
o
= 11.374 cm
Cos PNO =
= = 0.938
PNO = 20.289
o
b) MNO = 20.289
o
+ 23
o
= 43.289
o
MO
2
= NO
2
+ MN
2
2 (NO) (MN) cos MNO
= 10
2
+ 12
2
2 (10) (12) cos 43.289
o
= 69.303
MO = 8.325 cm
c) The area of MNO
= (10) (12) sin 43.289
o
= 41.141 cm
2
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
92
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
93
4 500
3 000
Rent
Food
200 Water
Expenses Cost (RM)
1998
1 000 Clothes
800 Electric
110
98
120
107
95
3
2
4
Price Index
2000
(1998 = 100)
Weightage
5
1
I
APPLICATION OF INDEX NUMBERS
1. Tables 1(a) and 1(b) show the price indexes for three products.
TABLE 1(a) TABLE !(b)
a) Find the values of r, s and t.
b) If the weightage of product K, L and M are 6, 4 and 5, respectively, find the
compound index number for year 2000 based on year 1998.
2. Tables 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the various types of expenses by Lina in year 1998
and the price indexes for the types of expenses in 2000 based on year 1998.
TABLE 2(a) TABLE 2(b)
a) Show that the total cost of the expenses in year 2000 = RM9 960.
b) Find for year 2000 based on year 1998.
r
105
109
Price Index
2000
(1998 = 100)
K
L
M
Product
102
98
t
110
s
106
K
L
M
Product Price Index
1998
(1996 = 100)
Price Index
2000
(1996 = 100)
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
94
1 400
700
900
1 200
3 x 1
x + 2
2 x + 2
x + 3
1 600
840
850
R
S
T
U
Item Price (RM)
2000
Weightage Price (RM)
2002
p
I
3. The following table shows the prices of four items in year 2000 and year 2002
with their respective weightage.
TABLE 3
a) Calculate the weightage of each item if x = 1.
b) Find the value of p if the price index for item T in year 2002 based on year
2000 is 105.
c) Find for year 2000 based on year 1998.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
95
4. Table 4 shows the price indexes for four items in year 2004 based on
year 2003 and the respective weightage of each item in year 2004.
TABLE 4
Given that x + 2y = 117 and 2x 3y = 88, find
a) The price index of each item in year 2004,
b) The compound index number in year 2004.
5. Table 5 shows the price index of four items in year 2001 and their respective weightage.
TABLE 5
a) Given that = 120, find the value of x.
b) Given that the price of 500 g of fruits in 1996 was RM2.50, find the price of
I
3 x
4 x
2 y
3 y
Price Index
2004
(2003 = 100)
2
1
4
Weightage
3
K
L
M
Item
N
110
120
115
Price Index
2001
(1996 = 100)
x
2
4
Weightage
130 3
Meat
Fruits
Vegetables
Product
Bread
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
96
500 g of fruits in 2001.
c) From year 2001 to year 2002, the price index for fruits increases 20% and
vegetables decreases 5%. Find the new price index in year 2002 if the price
indexes for the rest of the items and the weightage of each item remain the
same.
6. Tables 6(a) and 6(b) show the price index for various types of expenses of
James in year 1998 and the changes in these price indexes in year 2000.
TABLE 6(a) TABLE 6(b)
a) Find the price index for each type of expenses in year 2000.
b) Calculate the percentage difference between the compound index number in year
2000 and that of year 1998.
Transportation
Food
Clothes
3
4
2
5
Weightage
Expenses
Rent
106
110
124
Price Index
1998
(1996 = 100)
105
Transportation
Food
Clothes
Expenses
Rent
Increas es 35%
Decreases 15%
No change
Change in Price
Index in 2000
Increases 10%
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
97
7. Table 7 shows the price of four products in year 2000 and year 2004.
TABLE 7
a) Find the compound index number in year 2004 based on year 2000.
b) If the price index from year 2004 to year 2005, for product Q increases 10%,
product R decreases 5%, product S remains the same and product T increases 20% ,
find the compound index number in 2005.
8. Table 8 shows the price and price index of four items and their respective
weightage.
TABLE 8
a) Find the compound index number in 2002 based on year 2000.
600
700
500
800
Price (RM)
2 000
P
Q
R
Item
S
110
96
104
Price Index
2002
(2000 = 100)
105
7
4
9
Weightage
5
1 200
750
900
1 300
1 320
713
1 260
Q
R
S
T
Product Price (RM)
2000
3
4
2
6
Weightage Price (RM)
2004
1 560
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
98
b) If the price index from year 2002 to year 2004, for item P increases 10%, item Q
increases 20%, item R decreases 10% and item N decreases 5%, find the price of
each item in 2004.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
99
1
2
Q
Q
0
2
Q
Q
0
1
Q
Q
15
1613
15
1636
I
I
ANSWER
1.
a) Q0 = Price of product in 1996
Q1 = Price of product in 1998
Q2 = Price of product in 2000
r = 100
= 108 (to the nearest integer)
s = 100
= 94 (to the nearest integer)
t = 100
= 97 (to the nearest integer)
b)
Compound index number,
= 108 (to the nearest integer)
2.
a) From the table above,
The total cost of expenses in year 2000
= 4 950 + 2 940 + 240 + 1 070 + 760
= RM9 960 (shown)
b)
Compound index number,
= 109 (to the nearest integer)
110
98
I i
120
3
2
4
w i
107 5 535
330
196
480
I i w i
i
w
= 15
i i
w I
= 1 636
95 1 95
6
4
5
w i
648
420
545
I i w i
108
105
I i
109
i
w
= 15
i i w I
= 1 613
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
100
1200
p
I
13
1384
10
1032
I
3. a)
b) Q0 = Price of product in 2000
Q1 = Price of product in 2002
100 = 105
p = RM1 260
c)
Compound index number,
= 106 (to the nearest integer)
4. a)
x + 2y = 117
2x + 4y = 234 (1)
2x 3y = 88 (2)
(1) (2),
7y = 322
y = 46
2x 3 (46) = 88
x = 25
b)
Compound index number,
= 103 (to the nearest integer)
75
100
I i
92
138 3
2
1
4
w i
i
w
= 10
414
150
100
368
I i w i
i i w I
= 1 032
75
100
92
138
Price Index
2004
(2003 = 100)
K
L
M
Item
N
114
120
I i
94
105 4
2
3
4
w i
i w = 13
420
228
360
376
I i w i
i i
w I
= 1 384
2
3
4
4
Weightage
R
S
T
U
Item
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
101
x
x
+
+
9
110 1090
50 . 2
1
Q
14
1633
5.
a)
= 120
x = 1
b) Q0 = Price of product in 1996
Q1 = Price of product in 2001
For fruits,
100 = 120
Q1 = RM3.00 per 500 g
c)
6.a)
b) In year 2000,
Compound index number,
= 117 (to the nearest integer)
In year 1998,
I
143
94
I i
124
116 5
3
4
2
w i
i w = 14
580
429
376
248
I i w i
i i
w I
= 1 633
143
94
124
116
Price Index
2000
(1996 = 100)
Transportation
Food
Clothes
Expenses
Rent
110
120
I i
115
130 3
x
2
4
w i
i w
= 9 + x
390
110 x
240
460
I i w i
i i w I
= 1 090 + 110 x
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
102
10
1224
14
1531
109
109 117
Compound index number,
= 122 (to the nearest integer)
Compound index number,
= 109 (to the nearest integer)
Percentage difference
x 100%= 7.34%
I I
106
110
I i
124
105 5
3
4
2
w i
i w = 14
525
318
440
248
I i w i
i i w I
= 1 531
110
144
I i
109
130 3
1
2
4
w i
i
w
= 10
390
110
288
436
I i w i
i i w I
= 1 224
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
103
15
1710
15
1867
25
2615
I
I
600
1
Q
7.a)
Compound index number,
= 114
b)
Compound index number,
= 124 (to the nearest integer)
8.a)
Compound index number,
= 105 (to the nearest integer)
b)
Q0 = Price of item in 2000
Q1 = Price of item in 2004
For item P,
100 = 121
Q1 = RM726
The prices of the other three items are
calculated in a similar manner.
I
121
115
94
100
Price Index
2004
(2000 = 100)
P
Q
E
Item
S
726
805
470
800
Price (RM)
2004
110
96
I i
104
105 5
7
4
9
w i
i
w
= 25
525
770
384
936
I i w i
i i
w I
= 2 615
121
95
I i
140
120 6
3
4
2
w i
i w
= 15
864
363
360
280
I i w i
i i w I
= 1 867
110
95
I i
140
120 6
3
4
2
w i
i w
= 15
720
330
380
280
I i w i
i i w I
= 1 710
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
104
SLOT 11
(EXAMINATION)
PAPER 1
2 HOURS
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
105
SLOT 12
EXAMINATION
PAPER 2
2 AND HOURS
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE, SMK SERI PERLING
106