Brittney Henley Pd.

2A

Chapter 12: Age of Religious Wars

Key Topics; -War between Calvinists and Catholics in France. -The Spanish occupation of the Netherlands. -Struggle for supremacy between England and Spain. -The devastation of Central Europe during the Thirty Years War.

Vocabulary
Counter Reformation- A movement within the Rome Catholic Church that sought to revitalize the church and oppose Protestantism. Baroque Art- 3 dimensional display of life and energy. Politiques- Ruler who urged tolerance and moderation and compromise on religious matters Huguenots- French Protestants.

Notes
Renewed Religious Struggle Peace of Augsburg (1555)- A regions rule would determine its religion, However it did not recognize Non Lutheran Protestants Geneva became a refuge for persecuted protestants and an international school for protestant leaders French Wars of Religion 1) Anti-Protestant Measures and the struggle for political power

French Protestants are known as Huguenots. They were persecuted by the French, when King Charles of Germany / Spain captured Frances King. To pacify King Charles, France persecutes the Huguenots in the hopes of gaining the freedom of the King of France.

Edict of FontainebleauSubjected French Protestants to the inquisition France remain hostile to the protestants until King Henry of Navarre gains the throne 3 competing fraction for the Kings (Francis II) ear in France Bourbons- power in the south and west Montmorency-Chatillons- controlled the center of France Guises- dominate in eastern France / Strongest power and had more influence over the king due to family connection Bourbons and Montmorency-Chatillons developed strong Huguenot sympathies Conspiracy of Amboise (1560) - Bourbons and Montmorency-Chatillons plotted to kidnap the king of France (Frances II) 2) Appeal of Calvinism Huguenots were in important geographic areas and were heavily represented among the more powerful segments of French society. They wanted to establish sovereignty with in France.

3)

Coligny: leader of the Huguenots, Charles IX most trusted advisor.

Catherine De Medici and the Guises Catherine mother to 15 year old Frances II becomes the regent of France upon the death of her husband Henry II. On the death of Frances II her younger son Charles IX becomes king where she resides as regent. Catherine fears the power of the Guiles family and sought alliances with the Protestants. She issues the January Edict which allows protestants freedom to worship publicly outside of towns. Duke of Guise surprised a protestant congregation at Vassy, Champagne and massacred the worshipers. This is the beginning of the French wars of Religion March 1562

Protestant Resistance Theory: John Knox- wrote First Blast of the Trumpet against the Terrible Regiment of Women -He declared removal of a heathen tyrant was permissible

4) Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1570) Ended the thirty year war, the crown acknowledging the power of the Protestant nobility, granted Huguenots religious freedoms within their territory.

Catherine fearing the mounting power of the other two families and Protestants she cultivates the

Summary:

From Martin Luthers death in 1546 until the middle of the seventeenth century, European life was dominated by religiously and politically inspired violence. France descended into nearly 50 years of civil war before emerging with a united monarchy under the terms of the Edict of Nantes in 1598. Spain escaped civil strife and remained firmly Catholic. Spains American empire provided immense wealth, but Spain failed to subdue Protestant nationalism in the Netherlands and suffered defeat of its Armada naval fleet at the hands of the English. As a result, Spains position in international affairs declined. Unlike the French, the English managed to avoid civil war under the inspired leadership of Queen Elizabeth I. In Germany, the original center of the Reformation, Lutherans and Catholics had come to tolerate each other. But in the early seventeenth century the temporary compromises collapsed. The resulting free-for-all, known as the Thirty Years War (16181648), consumed much of Europes energies until it was resolved in the Peace of Westphalia.