I.

Objective:
To be able to display LED signage applying the principles of logic circuits (combinational and sequential).

II.

Materials :
A. B. C. For LED design 1800 pieces red and orange LED 2 pieces 12 x 12 Printed Circuit Board 20 meters Soldering Lead 6 Bottles Ferric Chloride For Decoder Circuit 1 piece 555 Integrated Circuit 1 piece 74293 Integrated Circuit 1 piece 74138 Integrated Circuit 2 pieces 7404 Integrated Circuit 2 pieces 7432 Integrated Circuit 3 pieces Electrolytic Capacitor, 25v 100f 1 K Resistor 4.7 K Resistor 5 Volts Power Supply Supplementary Materials Soldering Iron Connecting Wires (solid and stranded) VOM Hand drill 0.7 Drill bit Breadboard

Image

Material

Description
An LED is a special semiconductor which emits light when current is passed through it. There are many different physical styles. The emitted color spectrum is usually very narrow. It can generally be specified as a specific wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a nonconductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Printed Circuit Board

Soldering Lead

Soldering Lead is a fusible metal alloy with a melting point or melting range of 90 to 450 degrees Celsius (190 to 840 F), used in a process called soldering where it is melted to join metallic surfaces.

Ferric Chloride

Ready to use solution designed for etching printed circuit boards and other metals. Ferric Chloride can etch up to a maximum of 100g of copper per liter of solution (.33 square meters or 3.5 square feet of 1 oz copper clad board).

555 Integrated Circuit

The 555 is used in astable mode to generate a continuous series of pulses, but you can also use the 555 to make a one-shot or monostable circuit. The 555 can source or sink 200 mA of output current, and is capable of driving wide range of output devices.

74293 Integrated Circuit

A 4-bit asynchronous binary counter with /2 and /8 sections and reset.

74138 Integrated Circuit

A common example of a decoder/demultiplexer IC is the 74LS138, which is a Low-Power Schottky TTL device that has 3 input lines and 8 output lines. Of course, a decoder IC such as the 74LS138 also has chip control lines that need to be 'enabled' for the decoding function to take place.

7404 Integrated Circuit

The 7404 IC package contains six independent positive logic NOT GATES (INVERTERS). Pins 14 and 7 provide power for all six logic gates.

7432 Integrated Circuit

7432 ICs are used for summing purposes.

Electrolytic Capacitor

An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor that uses an electrolyte, an ionic conducting liquid, as one of its plates, to achieve a larger capacitance per unit volume than other types. They are often referred to in electronics usage simply as "electrolytic".

1 K Resistor

A resistor is a twoterminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

4.7 K Resistor

A resistor is a twoterminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

5 Volts Power Supply

Gives out well regulated +5V output. Built-in overheating protection shuts down output when regulator IC gets too hot. Easy to get, uses only very common basic components of 100 mA.

Soldering iron

A soldering iron is a hand tool most commonly used in soldering. It supplies heat to melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two work pieces.

Connecting wires

The basics of electronics wire for electronics wiring including the equivalents between the American AWG wires and metric wires as well as the insulation including PVC wire, PTFE wire and enamelled copper wire.

VOM

Volt/Ohm Meter, another name for a multi meter. VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.

Hand drill

Used for drilling holes in various materials or fastening various materials together with the use of fasteners.

0.7 Drill bit

Drill bits are cutting tools used to create cylindrical holes. Bits are held in a tool called a drill, which rotates them and provides torque and axial force to create the hole. Specialized bits are also available for non-cylindrical-shaped holes.

Breadboard

A breadboard (proto board) is a construction base for a one-of-a-kind electronic circuit, a prototype. In modern times the term is commonly used to refer to a particular type of breadboard, the solder less breadboard (plug board).

III.

Procedure:
1. Choose a design you want to work on by means of LED. 2. Make an outline of the chosen design that will go well to PCB and LED, this outline will serve as a guide on drilling holes on the PCB. 3. Allocate specific connections of +V and GND on PCB. Sketch the metallic surface of the PCB with vertical lines; 5mm in thickness and 3mm spaces apart. It is advisable to use permanent ink to achieve an ideal continuity of connections after etching. 4. Etch the PCB by soaking it in a ferric chloride. Immerse copper board in solution and
agitate until etching action is completed.

5. Wash then desiccate the PCB before going on drilling. 6. Drill the PCB base on the outline formed on step 2. 7. Mount the LED on board; make sure that the anode and cathode are on their proper placement. 8. Solder the LED considering the polarities are accurate. 9. Check the soldered LED on board from time to time to avoid accumulated errors. 10. Keep on doing step # 7 to #9 upon completing the design. 11. Hence, prepare the decoder circuit. Analyze the decoder circuit diagram. 12. Gather all the components needed. 13. Verify all components if all are functioning. 14. Mount all components on board, as stated on the diagram. 15. Supply 5 volts power on the circuit; observe its behavior / output. 16. Connect the LED design on the decoder circuit to represent the output of the decoder.

IV.

PATTERN

A. PCB LAYOUT

+V

GND

B. PICTURE LAYOUT

V. Circuit Diagram
A. MOD8
+5V
1
7404 7432

1 2

3
7432

EN GIN EE RI
-

7404

3
16 15 14 13 12 11 10
0

4 5

74138
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7404

+5V
7432

NC 10
7404 7432

12 13

11

NG -

NC
14 13 12 11 10 0 9 8

7404

7432

11

10

1 2

74293
13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7404

7432

12

4 5

NC 1
1K 4.7K

7404

7432

9 10

NC
8 7 6 5

7404

555
1 2 3 4

100F 100F 100F

B. Block Diagram

555

74293

74138

7404

7404

7432

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C. Truth table

A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Y0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Y1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

Y2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

Y3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1

Y4 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Y5 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Y6 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Y7 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

VI.

Discussion
This project developed individual skills to apply the principles of combinational circuit by using a decoder and designed LED to represent its output. With this project, group members became skilled in soldering, proper LED mounting, PCB layouting including etching, interconnecting circuits and analyzing diagram that served as an aspect to saved time and conserved effort. In this activity, each member shared different strategies and techniques that made the project manageable.

Through this project, aside from the mentioned skills, the team learned that good planning was the most essential, primary thing to do in constructing a project to minimize errors, save time and conserve effort.

VII.

Conclusion:
Logic circuits for digital systems may be combinational or sequential. A

combinational circuit consists of logic gates whose outputs at any time are determined by logic operations on the input values. A combinational circuit performs an operation that can be specified logically by a set of Boolean equations. In contrast sequential circuits, employ elements that store bit values. Sequential circuit outputs are functions of the inputs and the bit values in the storage elements, consequence, and the outputs of a sequential circuit depend not only on the current input values, but also on past inputs. The behavior of the circuit must be specified by a sequence in time of inputs and internal stored bit values.

GROUP 3

JP JEFF RUBY EDZ JOYCE

JEZZA

Teamwork divides the task and multiplies the success. ~Author Unknown

EXPERIMENT NO. 6 LED PATTERN DISPLAY USING DECODER CIRCUIT

ANDRES, EDLUZ M. BULALACAO, JAYPEE ESQUIVEL, JEZZAMYN P. ENAJE, JOYCE C. LEGARDO, RUBY LIEZL V. MIRALLES, JEFFERSON D.

GROUP NO.3 DATE PERFORMED DATE SUBMITTED : MARCH 31, 2011 : APRIL 16, 2011

CP N E A/Q C/D