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THE B O O K OF THE D E A D
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THE B O O K OF THE D E A D
THE CHAPTERS
OF COMING FORTH BY DAY

T H E EGYPTIAN T E X T IN HIEROGLYPHIC EDITED FROM NUMEROUS PAPYRI'
E. A. WALLIS B U D G E
LITT. D., D. LIT., F. S. A.
KEEPER OF T H E EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES IN T H E BRITISH blUSEUM
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, T R E N C H , TRUBNEK & CO., LTD.
PATERNOSTER HOlJSE, C H A R I N G C R O S S ROAD
1898.
[ALL R I G H T S R E S E R V E D . ]
APR 7 '43
Printed by Adolphus Holzhausen, Vienna.
P RE F A C E .
T HE ancient Egyptian hymns and religious texts printed in
the following pages form a representative collection of the various compositions which the Egyptians inscribed upon the walls of tombs and sarcophagi, coffins and funeral stelae, papyri and amulets, etc., to ensure the well-being of their dead in the world beyond the grave. They have been edited from papyri and other documents which were found chiefly at Thebes ; and, taken together, they are generally known as the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead, that is to say, the Recension of the great national funeral work, which was copied by the scribes for themselves and for Egyptian men and women of high rank and position from about 1600 to goo B. C. Many of the ideas and beliefs embodied in these texts are coaeval with Egyptian civilization, and the actual forms of some of the most interesting of these are identical with those which we now know to have existed in the Vth and VIth dynasties, about 3. C. 3500. T h e greater number of the texts here given belong to the group to which the Egyptians gave the name Chapters of Coming Forth by Day ; the remainder are introductory hymns, supplementary extracts from ancient cognate works , rubrics, etc., which were believed to increase the well-being and happiness of the dead, and to give them greater strength to resist the attacks of foes and to withstand the powers of darkness and of the grave.
VI
PR EFA CE.
T h e papyri selected as authorities are the best now known, and they have been chosen with the view of illustrating the development of the Theban Recension and the changes which took place in it during the various periods of its history. Since n o papyrus contains all the Chapters of this Recension, and n o two papyri agree either in respect of contents or arrangement of the Chapters, and the critical value of every text in a papyrus is not always the same, it follows that a complete edition of all the known Chapters of the Theban Recension would be impossible unless recourse were had to several papyri. I have, therefore, made use of several; and among them worthy of special mention is the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477) from which I have printed 102 Chapters. Here w e have about twenty Chapters of the Theban Recension which had not hitherto been found, and several which have, u p to the present, been known to exist in single manuscripts only. Wherever it has seemed advisable, I have given the text of a Chapter from more than one papyrus ; and, where lines have been omitted accidentally by the scribe, I have generally supplied them from papyri of about the same period, telling the reader at the same time the sources of them. Like M. Naville, I have adopted the system of numbering the Chapters employed by Lepsius in his edition of the SaYte, o r last Recension of the Book of the Dead, from the Turin Papyrus, which was published so far back as 1842. But although I have done so for the sake of uniformity of reference, I consider it to be unfortunate that it has been generally adopted in Egyptological works ; for three of the so-called Chapters (Nos. 16, 143 and 150) are in reality Vignettes, and nine others (Nos. 48, 49, 73, 107, 1 1 1 , 120, 121, 129 and 139) are duplicates of Chapters found in other parts of the papyrus. T h e number of Chapters in Lepsius work is, therefore, 153 and not 165. T h e Chapters, not including different versions, given in the
PI? EFA CE.
VI1
present volume are 177 in number, of which 163 belong to the Theban Recension. T h e remaining 14 (Nos. 19, 32, 60, 128, 135, 140, 145, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 164 and 165) have only, as yet, been found in the Saite Recension, but as they form good specimens of the religious compositions of the later period and illustrate some curious beliefs, I have thought it right to add them to the older texts. Of Chapter 184 no complete text is known. Of the 163 Chapters of the Theban Recension 148 are edited, with four hymns, from papyri in the British Museum, and 13 Chapters and three hymns are derived from papyri which are preserved in the Museums of Paris, Berlin, Leyden, Cairo, and other places, and which have been published by Leemans, Mariette, Naville and Lefibure. T h e present edition of the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead is the most complete which has hitherto been published, and it contains all the original texts of which translations are printed in the volume on the Book of the Dead which Messrs Kegan Paul & Co. are issuing simultaneously with this work. T h e source of each Chapter is clearly stated above it, but the text has been printed in horizontal instead of perpendicular lines, and has been broken u p into words for the convenience of the student. T h e hymns introductory to the Judgment Scene I have put together, for I believe them to be out of place when arranged as versions of the XVth Chapter ; and probably Chapters 182, 183 and 185 also belong to the group. Jn a small volume accompanying this work will be found a Vocabulary to the Theban Recension containing over 35,000 references ; it has been bound up separately in deference to the wishes of many.
E. A . W A L L I S B U D G E .
London, July
2,
1897.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI.

T h e Chapters of the Book of the Dead, hymns, etc., printed in this volume are edited from the following papyri :I. T HE PAPYRUS OF NERSENI. This papyrus was obtained by Burton at Memphis and was acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum at the sale of his collection in 1836. It measures
77 ft. 7 in., by I ft. in. ; it is mounted, under glass, in thirty-three sheets, and bears the number 9,900. It is probably the oldest known papyrus inscribed with the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead, and we cannot be far wrong in ascribing it to the first half of the period of the rule of the kings of the XVITIth dynasty over Egypt, i. e., about B. C. 1600. T h e vignettes and text are in black ink throughout, and only the titles of the Chapters are given in red ; the whole papyrus is most carefully written and is, it would seem, the work of Nebseni himself. A s an authority for the text of the Theban Recension it takes very high rank, and the Chapters which M. Naville selected from it for his edition of the Book of the Dead form one third of the entire number which he has printed. T h e deceased Nebseni was by profession a scribe, and he held various offices connected with the architect and surveyors department attached to the Temple of Ptab at Memphis, and he was in the immediate service of the lord of the two lands, his king. His father and mother were called Thena and Mutrestha respectively ; his wifes name was Seneb or Senseneb. His two sons were called i m s u - m e s and Ptah-nies, and his
1 ~ 1 ~
T H E ROOK OF T H E DEAD
daughter Thent-Men-nefer. T h e Papyrus of Nebseni contains 77 Chapters, not reckoning duplicates and triplicates, which are as follows :- (sheet I), 5 (sheet 11), 6 (sheet I O ), 13 (sheet 12), I 17 (sheets 12, 13, 14), 18 (sheet IS), 2 0 (sheet IS), 2 2 (sheet 5), 23 (sheet 5), 26 (sheets 4, 51, 3oB (sheet 4), 3 8 (sheet 12), 41 ~ (sheet 25), 44 (sheet 12), 46 (sheet 5), 47 (sheet S), 48 (sheet S), 50 (sheets 11, 12), 56 (sheets, 5, 11), 62 (sheet 4), 64 (sheets 23, 24), 65 (sheet 22), 71 (sheet 16), 72 (sheet 3), 76 (sheet S), 77 (sheet 2), 81 (sheet 3), 8 3 (sheet 2), 84 (sheet 2), 85 (sheet 2), 86 (sheet z), 87 (sheet 11), 88 (sheet 11), 89 (sheet 11), 92 (sheet 6), 96 and 97 (sheet 11), gg (sheet 3), I O O (sheets 5, IO , 20), I03 (sheet 8), 104 (sheet S ) , 105 (sheet 4), 106 (sheets 16, 19, 24), 108 (sheet 7), 109 (sheet S), I I O (sheet 17), 112 (sheet 7 ) , 113 (sheet 7), 114 (sheet 7), 117 and 118 (sheet 11), 119 (sheet 6), 125 (sheets 29, 30, 31), 133 (sheet 22), 134 (sheet 6), 136.4 (sheet 26), 136 B (sheet 26), 137 A (sheet 24), 137 B (sheet 6), 144 and 146 (sheets 2, 3, 4), 148 (sheet 4), 149 (sheets 27, 28), 150 (sheet 29), 151 (sheet 21), I 5 3 A (sheet 12), 155 (sheet I O ), 156 (sheet IO), 160 (sheet I O), 166 (sheet 21), 167 (sheet 22), 172 (sheet 32), 173 (sheet g), 177 (sheet IS), 178 (sheet ~ g ) , 179 (sheet 26), 180 (sheets 20, 21). A photograph of the coniplete papyrus was published by the Trustees of the British Museum (Photographs of the Papyrus of Nebseni in the British Museum, London, 1876) with an introduction by the late Dr. Birch ; fifty-two Chapters from it were published by M. Naville in Das Aegyptische Todtenbuch, Berlin 1886, and he gave a detailed description of it in his Einleitung (pp. 48-54) to that work ; a French translation of the papyrus was published by Massy ( L e p a p y r u s Nebseni, exemplaire hie'roglyphique du livre des morts conserve' au British Museum, traduit pal- A. M., Gand, 1885, 8vo ; and extracts from it, with translations, have been published by Birch, Naville, Pierret and others. T h e numbers of the Chapters published in the present work are:-5, 6, 13, 17 (part), 18 (part), 20, 38 A, 41, ~ O A ,62, 64, 72, 92, 104, 110, 114, 125 (part), 1 3 6 ~ ,137B, 151, 166, 167, 172, 173, 177, and 178.
DESCRIPTION OF T H E PAPYRI.
XI
11. T HE PAPYRUS OF NU. T h i s papyrus was found at KGrna, Thebes, and was acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum in 1890. It measures 65 ft. 31/2 in., by I ft. I ' / ~in. ; it is mounted under glass in thirty sheets, and bears the number 10,477. It is, I believe, the oldest of the painted papyri inscribed with the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead, and it may, with little doubt, be considered a product of the first half of the period of the rule of the kings of the XVIIIth dynasty ; it is very little later than that of Nebseni. T h e papyrus begins with a coloured scene in which the deceased is standing in adoration before Osiris who is seated in a shrine, and only a few of the Chapters, i. e., those of the Transformations, Arits, Pylons, Aats, and one o r two others, have vignettes. T h e text is in black throughout, and only the titles of the Chapters and the Rubrics are given in red ; the wlfole papyrus is most carefully written, and it is probably the work of Nu himself. It must rank as one of the chief authorities for the text of the Theban Recension, for it is n o mere copy hastily written for sale by a scribe, but a piece of work which bears upon every line of it the impress of care and knowledge ; it is, moreover, the work of one man. Here and there the scribe has omitted lines, and two copies of one short Chapter (No. 132) occur. This papyrus follows that of Nebseni in omitting the introductory hymns to Ra and Osiris and the great Judgment Scene, which are characteristic of the illustrated papyri of the last half of the XVIIIth dynasty and subsequent periods, and like most of the old papyri it ends with Chapters 149 and 150. It contains a considerable number of Chapters which have not hitherto been found in papyri of the Theban Recension, and also a large number of others which have only hitherto been known from a single document. It contains both versions of the 64th Chapter, and the various groups of Chapters relating to special subjects are singularly complete. T h e deceased Nu is frequently described as w 5 neb cimax, as in the case of Nebseni, and in two places (sheet 2 0 , 1. 62 ; sheet 24, 1. 54) the word maiiXel-u is written and
9 0-b& 4
@
XI1
T H E BOOK OF T H E DEAD.
9 20
@
published from a A papyrus at Parma by Naville, Todtenbuclz, Bd. I. B1. 40, 11. I and 7. T h e deceased Nu held the office of overseer of the pa* which we may either lace, and he is described as
Z ~
; compare Chap.
render as belonging to the office of chancellor or the tongue of the chancery ; I have rendered it freely by the words chancellor-in-chief. T h e name of his father was Amen-hetep, and he had held the same offices as his son Nu ; his mothers name was Senseneb. T h e name Amen-hetep is common enough in the XVIIIth dynasty, but the name Senseneb is rare, and is characteristic of the XVIIIth dynasty, and the period preceding it ; see the two instances of the name quoted by Lieblein (Dict. .de Noms Hieroglyyhiques, Livr. III., Nos. 1558, p. 621, and 1963, p. 763), and to these may be added that of the wife of Nebseni (see Naville, Einleitung, p. 51). T h e Papyrus of Nu contains 131 Chapters 2 which are as follows :- (sheet 5), 2 (sheet 13), 3 (sheet 13), I 4 (sheet IS), 5 (sheet ZI), 6 (sheet ZI), 7 (sheet zz), 8 (sheet I Z ) , g (sheet IZ), 11 (sheet Z I ) , 12 (sheet g), 17 (sheet 2 , 3), 18 (sheet 4), 21 (sheet g), 2 2 (sheet 51, 23 (sheet 5), 24 (sheet 5), 25 (sheet 5), 26 (sheet 5), 27 (sheet 5), 28 (sheet 5), 29 (sheet 12), 30 A (sheet 5), 30 B (sheet ZI), 31 (sheet 5), 34 (sheet 6), 35 (sheet 6), 36 (sheet S), 37 (sheet 81, 38 (sheet IZ), 40 (sheet S), 41 (sheet 6), 42 (sheet 6), 43 (sheet 5), 44 (sheet IS), 45 (sheet 6), 46 (sheet 12), 47 (sheet S), 50 (sheet IS), 51 (sheet S), 52 (sheet 11), 53 (sheet 11), 54 (sheet IZ), 55 (sheet IZ), 56 (sheet IZ), 57 (sheet IZ), 61 (sheet I Z ) , 63 A (sheet 12), 64 (with rubric referring to Hesep-ti, sheet I3), 6 4 (with rubric referring to Men-kau-Ra, sheet zo), 65 (sheet 14), 67 (sheet IS), 68 (sheet 7),
a 1m
951%
2 .
; see sheet
I I,
line IG.
153.
This number includes two versions of Chapters 30, 64, 136 and
XI11
71 (sheet 7), 72 (sheet 7), 74 (sheet 6), 75 (sheet I3), 76 (sheet g), 77 (sheet I O ) , 78 (sheet 13), 79 (sheet 8), 81.4 (sheet II), 82 (sheet g), 83 and 84 (sheet I O ), 85 (sheet g), 86 (sheet I O ), 87 (sheet 11), 88 (sheet 11), 89 (sheet IS), go (sheet 8), 91 (sheet 6), 92 (sheet 7), 93 (sheet 6), 94 (sheet 12), 95 (sheet 7), 96 and 97 (sheet IS), 98 (sheet g), gg (sheet zI), I O O (sheet 27), I O I (sheet 27), 102 (sheet 28), 103 (sheet 8 ) , 104 (sheet 8), 105 (sheet 7), 106 (sheet 8), 108 (sheet 8 ) , 109 (sheet 12), 112 (sheet IS), 113 (sheet I S), 115 (sheet 1 ) 1'16 (sheet IS), 117 8, (sheet g), 118 (sheet g), 119 (sheet 81, 122 (sheet g), I23 (sheet IS), 124 (sheet I O ), 125 (sheets 22, 23, 24), 126 (sheet 24), 130 (sheet 17), 131 (sheet 17), I 3 2 (sheet 111, 132biS (sheet 12), 133 (sheet 16), 134 (sheet 17), 136 (sheet 16), 136A (sheet 28), 136 B (sheet 2'8), 137 11 (sheet 26), 138 (sheet IS), 141 (sheet 16), 144 (sheet 26), 145 (sheet 25), 148 (sheet II), 149 (sheet 29), 150 (sheet 30), 151 (sheet 27), 152 (sheet I3), 153 d (sheet zo), 153 B (sheet 20), 154 (sheet IS), 155 (sheet 27), 156 (sheet 27), 176 (sheet z z ) , 179 (sheet IS), 187 (sheet IS), 188 (sheet IS), 189 (sheet IS), and 190 (sheet 16).I T h e numbers of the Chaprers from the Papyrus of Nu printed in the present volume are :-2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 21, 25, 28, 30A, 31, 337 34, 359 36, 37, 3 8 % 407 42t 477 5 0 B , 517 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 63 A , 63 B, 6 4 (short version and both rubrics), 8 65, 67, 68, 749 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 8 1 4 82, 83 and 84, 851 86,
I.
On sheet
12,
1 7 occurs the following Chapter :.
-.
- n - -
Compare Chapter XXVIII.
XIV
87, 88, 9% 91, 103, 105, 106, 122, 123, 124, 131, 133, 134,
T H E BOOK O F THE DEAD.
93, 94, 95, 96 and 97, 98, 99, 100, 1 0 1 , 102, 108, 109, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 125 (Introduction and final Address), 126, 130, 1 3 6 4 136B, I37A, 138, 141 and 142, 144,
1469 148, 149, 1.51, 152, 153 A, 153 B, 154, 1551 156, 176, 179, 187, 188, 189, and 1go.I 111. T HE PAPYRUS OF ANI. This papyrus was found at Thebes, and was acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum in 1888. It measures 78 ft., by I ft. 3 in. ; it is mounted under glass in thirty-seven sheets and bears the number 10,470. It is the finest of all the illustrated papyri inscribed with the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead, and it was probably written between the years B. C. 1500 and B. C. 1400. (For a detailed account of the papyrus see niy PAPYRUS OF ANI, London, 1895, p. C x r J f f . ) T h e Papyrus of Ani is a most important authority for the text of the Theban Recension, and it contains Chapters, Introductions to Chapters, etc., which are not found in any other papyrus ; from an artistic point of view its value is greater than that of any other papyrus. T h e texts from it printed in the present work are :- Hymn to RZ, H y m n to Osiris, and Chapters I , 2, 8, 9, I O , 15, 17 (part), 18 (with Introduction), 24, 26, 27, 29, 2 9 4 3 0 4 42, 43, 44, 45, 58, 59, 61, 71, 89, 125 (with Introduction), 132, 175, 186. IV. T HE P APYRUS OF Hu-NEFER. This papyrus was found at Thebes and was purchased by the Trustees of the British Museum from Clot Bey. It measures 18 ft., by I ft. 3/8 in. ; it is mounted under glass in eight sheets, and bears the number
The order of the Chapters in this papyrus is as follows :-17, 18, I , 23, 25, 26, 28, 27, 3 0 4 43, 24, 31, 33, 34, 351 74, 45, 93, 917 q1i 42% 68, 92, 6 3 4 105, 95, 72, 71, 106, 40, 90, 108, 47, 104, 103, 51, 119, 36, 37, , 79, 117, 118, 2 1 , 12, 122, 98, 76, 85, 8 2 , 77, 86, 124, 83 and 84, ~ I A 87, 88, 13% 148, 5 % 53, 61, - 56, 57, 54, 38, 55, 29, 461 10% 9, 13% 947 63B, 8, 64 (short version), 2, 3, 152, 75, 78, 190, 133, 65, 133(bis), 67, 179, 123, 141, 136, 134, 130, 1 3 1 , 89, 154, 1 1 5 , 116, 112, 113, 138, 187, 189, 44, 50, 188, 4, 96 and 97, 153A, 1535, 64 (long version) 3oB, 1 1 , 5, 6, 99, 7, 176, 125, 126, 145. 144, I37A, 101, 156, 155, 1 5 1 , 100, 102, 136A, 1365, 149,
I.
227
150.
D E S C R I P T I O N OF T H E PAPYRI.
xv
9,901. It is beautifully illustrated, and is the shortest perfect document of its class known. T h e deceased Hu-nefer was the overseer of the palace, and inspector of cattle, and scribe to His Majesty Seti I, King of Egypt about B. C. I370 ; it is thus possible to date the document with considerable accuracy. T h e texts from this papyrus printed in the present volume are the Introductory Hymns to Ra and Osiris ; the latter is commonly called Chapter 183. V. T HE PAPYRUS OF MUT-HETEP. This papyrus was probably found at Thebes, and was purchased by the Trustees of the British Museum from Mr. Murray in 1861. It measures g ft. g1/2 in., by I ft. I/~ in. ; it is mounted under glass in five sheets, and bears the number 10,010. T h e deceased Muthetep was a singer in the Temple of i\men-R% at Thebes, and her papyrus is remarkable among the illustrated papyri. It contains Chapters 151, 168 A, 1 7 4 ,a Hymn to the setting sun, ~ and a hymn to Osiris, which is commonly called Chapter 182 ; all these are printed in the present volume. It is a remarkable fact that Chapter 174 has its equivalent in the text inscribed within the Pyramid of Unas, lines 379 to 399, and its appearance along with Chapters of the Theban Recension goes to prove that portions of the earliest religious texts were made into Chapters and then incorporated with others of a much later period.3 T h e vignettes of the papyrus are as remarkable as the texts which it contains ; they are figured by Naville, Todtenbuch, Bd. I, B11. 173, 187, 197 and 208. This papyrus may be assigned to the XXth dynasty. about B. C. 1150. VI. T HE PAPYRUS O F N.EKHT. This papyrus was found at Thebes, and was acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum in 1888. It measures 47 ft. I / ~ in., by I ft. 2 in. wide ; it is mounted under glass in twenty-two sheets, and bears the number 10,471. T h e deceased Nekht was a real royal scribe,
I.
TffiI-?
See Naville, Einleitung, p. 59. See Naville, Einleitung, p. 59. 3. See Recueil de Travaux, tom. IV, p. 4 3 ; this Chapter has been discussed at length by Erman, Aeg. Zeitschrift, Bd. XXXII, p. 3 .
2 .
XVI
and he vias overseer of the bowmen of the lord of the two lands, 7 his wifes name was T h u a u
T h e papyrus contains a large number of wella & written Chapters, and nicely painted vignettes, but a detailed account of it is unnecessary here. T h e only text from itlprinted in this volume is the Hymn to Ra which is found o n sheet 21. This papyrus may be assigned to the XXth dynasty. VII. T h e Papyrus of a person whose name is not given. This papyrus was found at Thebes, and was acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum in 1890. It measures 15 ft. 51/2 in., by I I ~ / + ; it is mounted under glass in seven sheets, in. and it bears the number 10,478. T h e central portion of the papyrus is filled with the picture of a hall having a door at each end. T h e space between the ceiling and floor is divided into three parts ; in the first and third of these is a series of short addresses to personages in four sections of the underworld, and in the second division is a series of vignettes illustrating them. These texts are printed in the present volume as Chapter 168. T h e papyrus opens with a vignette in which the deceased is seen standing in adoration at a table of offerings in the presence of Osiris ; on a standard, before the god, are the four children of Horus, and behind him is Heru-netch-tef. T h e text which accompanies this vignette reads :-
-9 8.
Tfgj
THE BOOK OF T H E DEAD.
XVII
T h e papyrus closes with a vignette in which the deceased, accompanied by his wife, is seen standing in adoration at a table of offerings in the presence of the god Osiris, who is seated in a shrine. T h e god wears the utef crown, and in his right hand is the crook, and in the left the crook and whip, emblems of sovereignty and dominion. Behind Osiris stands Isis, who has upon her head the disk and horns. T h e text
XVIII
THE BOOK O F T H E DEAD.
VIII. Chapters 14, 39, 69 and 70 are taken from the Papyrus of Mes-em-neter at Cairo ; see Naville, ibdtenbuclz, Bd. I. B11. 13, 53, 81, 82 ; and Einleitung, p. 74. Chapter 180 is taken from a papyrus at Paris No. 3073 ; see Naville, ibdtenbuclz, Bd. I. B1. 204 ; and Einleitung, p. 96. Chapters 161, 169, 170, and an Introduction to Chapter gg are taken from the Papyrus of Nefer-uben-f at Paris ; see Naville, Todtenbuch, Bd. I. B11. 110, 184, 190 and 191, and Einleitung, p. 97. Chapter 181 is taken from the Papyrus of Qenna at Leyden ; see Leemans, Papyrus &gyptiens, tom. 11, PI. 1 9 ; for the two hymns printed on pp. 3-8, see Plates 2 and 4. Chapter I B is taken from the Papyrus of Nekhtu-Amen at Berlin ; see Naville, 7odtenbuch, Bd. I. B1. 5, and Einleitung, p. 70. Chapter 171 is taken from the Papyrus of Amen-hetep at GEzeh ; see Mariette, Les Papyrus &gyptiens, tom. 111, P1. 7. Chapter 66 is taken from the Papyrus of Amen-em-heb at Paris ; see Naville, lbdtenbuch, Bd. I. B1. 78, and Einleitung, p. 103. Chapter zg h is froin a papyrus at Parma ; see Naville, Todtenbuch, Bd. I. B1. 40, and Einleitung, p. 86. Chapter 127 A is from the T o m b of Rameses I V ; see LefCbure, Tombeau de Rainses IV, Paris, 1889, Plate XI11 ; and Naville, lodtenbuch, Bd. I. B1. 141. Chapter 127 B is taken from the Papyrus of Ptah-mes ; see Naville, lodtenbuch, Bd. I. B1. 142 ; and Einleitung, p. 89. Chapter 185 is taken from the Papyrus of Sutimes at Paris ; see Guieyesse and Lefibure , L e Papyrus Funeraire de Soutimes, Paris, 1877, Plate I. T h e H y m n to the setting S u n (see p. 48) is taken from a papyrus at Dublin ; see Naville, Todtenbuch, Bd. I. B1. 19, and Einleitung, p. 80, etc.
LIST OF CHAPTERS.
PAGE.
I. Introductory Hymns, etc. :I . Hymn to R5. From the Papyrus of Ani, sheet I ... I From the Papyrus of Qenna ... 3 2. Hymn to Ra. ... 6 3 . Hymn to Rg. F r o m the Papyrus of Qenna 4. Hymn to Ra. From the P a p y r w of Hunefer, sheet I 8 5. Hymn to Ra. F r o m the Papyrus of Nekht, sheet 2 1 11 6. Hymn to Osiris. From the Papyrus of Ani, sheet 2 13 7 . Prayer of Ani and speeches of T h o t h , Horus, and the company of the gods. From the Papyrus of Ani, sheets 3 and 4 ... ... ... ... ... 15- 17 11. T h e Chapters of coming forth by day :\ I \
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Chap. CXLI. Chap. CXLII.

15
317
XXXIV

PAGE.
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Chap. CXLIII.
Vignette only
...
...
...
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322 327
Chap. CXLIV. [CHAPTER OF THE SEVEN ARITS.] From the Papyrus of Nu, sheet 26 ... ... ... ... 327 From the Turin Papyrus
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334
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Chap. CXLVII. [Chapter of the Seven Arits.] Papyrus of Ani, sheets, 11, 12 ... Chap. CXLVIII.
0
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Chap. CXLIX. [CHAPTER OF THE AATS.] pyrus of Nu, sheets 28, 29, 30 Chap. CL. Chap. CLI Chap. CLI Chap. CLI Vignette only.
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LIST OF CHAPTERS.
xxxv
PAGE.
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T H E B O O K OF THE DEAD.
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421 422
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Introductory Hymn to R5, the Sun-god.

[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No.
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I N T R O D U C T O R Y HYMNS T O R d
Introductory Hymn to RZ, the Sun-god.

[From the Papyrus of Qenna (see Leemans, Pupjvirs &gyptieti, T.
2,
plate z).]
T I I E BOOK OF THE D E A D .
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2,
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INTRODUCTORY H Y M N S T O R d
I1
Introductory Hymn to R5, the Sun-god.

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I O,
471, sheet Z ) ] I.
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TIIE ROOK OF TiIZ DEAD.
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13
Introductory Hymn to Osiris Un-nefer.

[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. So.
IO,
470, sheet
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TIiE SCENE OF T H E J U D G M E N T .
'5
The Scene of the Weighing of the Heart of the Deceased.

IO,
470, sheets 3 and 4).]
11. T HE PRAYER OF ANI [Chapter
xxx B]:-
- 1
9v
16
T H E SCENE O F T H E .JUDGMENT.
I7
The Chapters of Coming Forth by Day.
CHAPTER I.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheets j and 6).]
T H E CHAPTERS OF COMING FORTH BY DAY.
I9
20
T l l E BOOK 01,' 7'11E D E A I ) .
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T H E C H A P T E R S O F COMING FORTH U Y D A Y.
21
22
T H E BOOK O F T H E DEAD,
T h e following lines are from Lepsius, Todtenbuch, B1.
I.
CHA~TEK 3. I
[From the Papyrus of hekhtu- Amen (Naville, Todtmbuch, Bd. I, B1. 5).]
24
THE BOOK O F T H E DE.'AAD.

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OF LIVING AFTER DEATH.
25
C-HAPTER 11.
IO,+jO,
sheet IS).]
CHAPTER 11.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet 13).]
OF PASSING OVER THE R O A D OF RE-STAU.
27
CI-IAPTEK
111.
28
T H E B O O K OF T H E DEAD.
CHAPTER VI.
[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheet
IO).]
CHAPTER VII.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet
32).]
30
CHAPTER VIII.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet IS).]
CHAPTER IX.
OF rliJ13EA IAYG (;AILVST T I f E FOE ILV THE L7.\'D ERLY O RL D. 3 I R rl
CHAPTEK X.
[Frorn the Papyrus of A n i ( k i t . 5lua. No. 10,470,sheet 18j.J
32
O F GOING I N A N D OUT IN
AMENTET.
33
CHAPTER. XI1
OR
CXX.'
CHAYTEK XI11
OK
CXXI.'
12,
[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. KO. 9,900, sheet
line G).]
I . In the Sai;te Recension this Chapter is given twice; see Lepsius, Todtenbirch, B11. 3 and 45. 2 . In the Sai'te Recension this Chapter is given twice; see Lepsius, op. cit., B11. 4 and 4j.
34
T H E B O O K OF THE D E A D .
CHAPTER XIV.
[From the Papyrus of Mes-em-neter (Naville, Todtetrbuch, Bd. I, B1. 13).]
I.
From Lepsius, op. cit., B11. 4 and 4 5 ; it comes at the end of Chapters
X 1 and CXXI. I1
H Y M N TO T H E RISING A.VD S E T T I N G S U N .
35
CHAPTER XV.
Hymn to the rising and setting Sun.

IO;z+iO,
sheets 18,
19).]
36
T I f E B O O R OF THE D E A D .
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HYMN AND LITANY T O OSIRIS.
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C H A P T E R XV.
H y m n to RZ.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet 20).]
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THE B00X OF THE DEAD.
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THE BOOK OF TIIE DEAD.

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CHAPTER
xv.
10,010,
A Hymn to the setting Sun.

[From the Papyrus of Mut-hetep (Brit. Mus. No. sheet 5 ) . ]
46
48
THE BOOK OF THE DEAD).
CHAPTER XV.
A Hymn to the setting Sun.
[From a Papyrus at Dublin (No. 4) (see Naville, Todtenbrtch, B1. IS).]
50
' Td
[blank space] for name
CHAPTER XVI.
2).]
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheet
Vignette of the rising Sun, intended to accompany either the Hymn to the rising Sun or the Hymn which forms part of the XVth Chapter of the Book of the Dead ; strictly speaking i: should have no number, for it is not a Chapter.
CHAPTER XVII.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheets 7-10) and from the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheet I 3 ff.).]
CIIA PTlYR OF PRBISINGS AiVD G L ORIFICA TIOiV.5.
51
52
T H E BOOK OF T H E D E A D
C H A P T E R O F PRAISIIVGC .{.VD I ; L O R I T l C A T I O N S .
53
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THE C H A P T E R OF A CROWN OF TRIUMPH
83
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T H E BOOK OF THE DEAD. II
T H E C H A P T E R S O F GIVING A M O C T H T O THE LIBCEASED. 85
CHAPTERXXI.
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[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. MLIS. No. 10,470, sheet 6).]
86
T H E BOOK OF' THE D E A D .
T H E CIIAPTER OF BRINGING ENCHANTMENTS.
87
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10,+70,
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CHAPTER XXV.
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CHAPTER XXVI.
[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, shcet IS).]
CHAPTER XXVII.
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I.
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91
CHAPTER XXIX B.
CHAPTER XXX.
[See the Appendix.]
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THE CHAPTER OF REPULSING THE FIEND.
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CHAPTER O F IL>E,VTIFICATION O F MEMBERS.
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CHAPTER X I J I .
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In t h e Papyrus of Ani only a portion of this Chapter is given, 2: e., the section which gives the names of the deities with whom t h e various members of the body of the deceased are identified ; it is arranged in tabular form and will be found on pp. 117, 1 1 8 .
CHAPTER XLIII.
C H A P T E R OF IDENTIFICATION OF MEh4BERS.
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CHAPTER XLIX.
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CHAPTER L B .
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T H E BOOK OF T H E D E A D .
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CHAPTER LV.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet I ) ] Z.
CHAPTER LVII.
[From the Papyrus of h-iu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet IZ).]
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CHAPTER LX.
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CHAPTER LXVII.
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CHAPTER LXVII.
[From the Papyrus of Nefer-uben-f (Navilie, Todtenbuch, Bd. I, B1. 7g).]
1.50
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[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. 9,900, sheet 3).]
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CHAPTER LXXV.
T H E CHAPTERS O F TRANSFORMATIONS.
163
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THE CHAPTER O F D E S T R 0 YING T H E MEMORY O F E V I L .
19 I
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200
CHAPTERS XCVI
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[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheets 19 and zo).]
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[From the Papyrus of N u (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet 9).]
204
T H E BOOK OF T l I E DEAD.
CHAPTER XCIX.
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21
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THE C H A P T E R OF BRIiVGIlVG THE .If&Xk:NT
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205
206
T H E BOOK OF T i f E DEAI).
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208
T H E C H A P TE R OF BRI N G I N G T H E M A K H E N T B O A T .
209
210
CHAPTER C.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheets 2j and 28).]
THE ROOK OF MAKING S T R O N G T H E K H U .
211
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212
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T H E C H A P T E R OF KNOWING T H E S O U L S OF T H E MrEST. 2 19
220
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I.
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234
T H E B O O R OF THE DEAD.
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238
THE B O O K OF THE D E A D .
CHAPTER CXVI.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. hlus. No. 10,477, sheet IS).]
THE CFIAPTER OF RECEIC'ILV<; PATIJS I N RE-STAU.
239
C H APTER CXVII.
[From the Papyrus of N u (Brit. Mus. Xo. 10,477, sheet 9).]
CHAPTER CXVIII.
of Mes-em-neter ; see Naville. op. cit., Bd. 11, p. 267.
-f? w.O
2 .
The words in brackets are added from the Papyrus
THE CHAPTER OF G O I N G I N AFTER COMING FORTH . 241
CHAPTER CXX.
For the text of this Chapter see supra Chapter XII. In the Sa'ite Recension it is given twice (see Lepsius, op. cii., B11. 3 and 45), but the placing of it among the first fifteen Chapters of that Recension clearly dates from a late period.
CHAPTER CXXI.
For the text of this Chapter see supra Chapter XIII. In the Sa'ite Recension it is given twice (see Lepsius, B11. 4 and 45), but the placing of it among the first fifteen Chapters of that Recension clearly dates from a late period.
CHAPTER CXXII.
[From the Papyrus of Nu (Brit. Mus. No. 10,477, sheet g).]
2 42
THE R O O K OF T H E DEAD.
CHAPTER CXXIII.
T H E CHAPTER OF ENTERING T O T H E PRINCES OF OSIRIS. 243
CHAPTER CXXIV.
IO).]
I.
The words in brackets are added from Naville, op. cit., Bd. 11, p. 269.
244
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T H E BOOK O F THE DEAI).
CHAY~EK CXXV.
INTRODUCTION.
?v
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[From the Papyrus of Ani (Brit. Mus. No. 10,470, sheets

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T H E CHAPTER OF ENTERING T H E H A L L OF MAXTI.
247
248
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T H E SPEECH OF T H E D E C E A S E D IN T H E I!IAL,L O F N A A TI. 249
CHAPTER CXXV.
- INTRODUCTION.
22).]
I.
The words in brackets are from the Papyrus of Nebseni.
T H E SPEECH OF T H E DECEASED IN T H E H A L L OFMAATI. 2 5 I
I . T h e words in brackets are added from the Papyrus of Amen-neb (Brit. Mus. No. 9964). I 2 . Variants :- L A. L.
see Naville, oy. cit.
Bd. 1 , p. 283. 1
252
CHAPTER CXXV. - THE NEGATIVE CONFESSION.

[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (Brit. Mus. No. y,900, sheet 30).]
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257
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A D D R E S S TO T H E G O D S OF THE I I A L L OF JUD(;.MENT. 259
CHAPTER CXXV.
ADDRESST O
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CHAPTER CXXX.
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TI-IE C H A P T E R O F CAUSING A MAN T O S E E HIS H O U S E .
287
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288
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T H E C H A P T E R OF MAKING S T R O N G THE KHU
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295
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I . In the Papyrus of Nefer-uhen-f, (see Naville, op. cit., Bd. 11, p. 350), here follow several lines of text conserniiig which compare the following Chapters.
298
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T H E CH-4PTER OF M A K I N G S T R O N G T H E KNKJ.
299
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T I I K C H A P T E R OF BUILDING A HO[I.SE UPON E.4RTII.
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436
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRI.

1 7 occurs the following Chapter :.

Compare Chapter XXVIII.

T H E BOOK O F THE DEAD.

THE BOOK OF T H E DEAD.

THE BOOK O F T H E DEAD.

F r o m t h e P a p y r u s of Ani, sheets 5 and 6 Chap. I B.

8 j m From the Pak

pyrus of Nekhtu-Amen Chap. 11. c m

From the Papyrus of Ani, sheet 18

From the Papyrus of NLI,

" ' " ' 0

sheet Chap. VII.

From the Papyrus of Nu, sheet Chap. VIII.

Papyrus of Ani, sheet 18 Chap. IX.

finG ... ...

From the Papyrus of Ani, sheet 18

the Papyrus of Nu, sheet Chap. XII.

~n o From the Papyrus of A A n A

Nu, sheet g Chap. XIII.

Papyrus of Nebseni, sheet

F r o m the Papyrus of Mes-em-neter

pyrus of Ani, sheets 1,8 and 19 Chap. XV.

Papyrus of Mut-hetep, sheet 5

Papyrus at Dublin Chap. XVI. Vignette only

From the Turin Papyrus

THE BOOK OF T H E DEAD.

F r o m the Papyrus of Nu, sheet g Chap. XXII.

F r o m the Papyrus of Ani, sheet 6 Chap. XXIII.

&... 9& 7 ... ~9

From the Papyrus of Ani, sheet 15 Chap. XXIV.

Papyrus of Ani, sheet 15 Chap. XXV.

D U U $ ? ) ~ From the Papyrus of Nu, sheet

-be I 1 From the Papyrus of Ani, sheet 15

From the Papyrus of

Ani, sheets 15 and 16