CONTENTS

Contributors Preface xi

xiii

Chapter 1. Ferrous Metals 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Structure of Iron 1.3 Steelmaking 1.4 Carbon and Alloy Steels 1.5 Selection of Alloy Steels 1.6 Selection and Specification 1.7 Welding Ferrous Metals 1.8 Summary References Chapter 2. Aluminum and Its Alloys 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Alloy and Temper Designation System 2.3 Physical Properties 2.4 Mechanical Properties 2.5 Corrosion Resistance 2.6 Product Forms 2.7 Fabrication 2.8 Joining 2.9 Finishes 2.10 Glossary References Chapter 3. Titanium 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Basic Metallurgy 3.3 Alloy Classification and Overview 3.4 Properties 3.5 Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance 3.6 Alloys for Cryogenic Applications 3.7 Titanium Alloys for High-Temperature Applications 3.8 Casting Alloys 3.9 Precipitate and Dispersoid Strengthened Alloys Wrought Alloy Processing References v

1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.11 1.29 1.43 1.61 1.91 1.92 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.27 2.41 2.92 2.107 2.129 2.138 2.162 2.174 2.177 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.12 3.16 3.27 3.33 3.34 3.41 3.43 3.44 3.60

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Chapter 4. Plastics 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Introduction The Nature of Plastics Polymer Structures and Polymerization Reactions Plastic-Processing Methods and Design Guidelines Thermosetting Plastics Thermoplastics Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics Plastic Films and Tapes Plastic Surface Finishing Material Selection References

4.1 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.10 4.18 4.34 4.75 4.76 4.78 4.80 4.106 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.25 5.31 5.32 5.35 5.40 5.76 5.78 5.85 5.88 5.91 5.96 5.98 5.103 5.105 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.10 6.15 6.28 6.31 6.31

Chapter 5. Composite Materials and Processes 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 Introduction Material Systems Ply Orientations, Symmetry, and Balance Quasi-isotropic Laminate Analysis Composite Failure and Design Allowables Composite Fabrication Techniques Analysis Design of Composite Structures Damage Tolerance Composite Repairs Adhesive Bonding and Mechanical Fastening Environmental Effects Composite Testing Safety Issues with Composite Materials References

Chapter 6. Part 1: Natural and Synthetic Rubbers 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Historical Properties of Polymers General-Purpose Rubbers Specialty Rubbers Thermoplastic Elastomers Characterizing Heat and Oil Resistance Other Properties Compounding Rubber References Suggested Readings

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Chapter 6. Part 2: Elastomeric Materials and Processes 6.9 Introduction 6.10 Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) 6.11 Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPUs) 6.12 Polyamides 6.13 Melt Processable Rubber (MPR) 6.14 Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV) 6.15 Synthetic Rubbers (SRs) 6.16 Natural Rubber (NR) 6.17 Conclusion References Chapter 7. Ceramics and Ceramic Composites 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Ceramic Fabrication 7.3 Surface Properties of Ceramics 7.4 Thermal Properties of Ceramic Materials 7.5 Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Substrates 7.6 Electrical Properties of Ceramics 7.7 Metallization of Ceramic Substrates 7.8 Ceramic Materials 7.9 Composite Materials 7.10 Forming Ceramics and Composites to Shape References Chapter 8. Inorganic Glasses 8.1 Commercial Glass Families 8.2 Special Glasses 8.3 Glass Making IGlass Melting 8.4 Glass Making IIGlass Forming 8.5 Annealing and Tempering 8.6 Glass Fiber 8.7 Optical Communications Fiber 8.8 Notes and Acknowledgments References Bibliography Chapter 9. Coatings and Finishes 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Environment and Safety 9.3 Surface Preparation 9.4 Coating Selection 9.5 Coating Materials 9.6 Application Methods

6.35 6.35 6.35 6.45 6.56 6.58 6.60 6.67 6.83 6.85 6.85 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.6 7.9 7.14 7.22 7.29 7.40 7.49 7.57 7.60 8.1 8.1 8.37 8.82 8.102 8.119 8.145 8.163 8.170 8.170 8.172 9.1 9.1 9.5 9.6 9.12 9.22 9.41

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9.7 9.8

Curing Summary References

9.55 9.58 9.59 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.5 10.27 10.35 10.44 10.50 10.54 10.63 10.66 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.4 11.5 11.20 11.25 11.37 11.40 11.50 11.61 11.62 12.1 12.1 12.15 12.32 12.60 12.82 12.95 12.107 12.119 13.1 13.1 13.6 13.14

Chapter 10. Metallic Finishes and Processes 10.1 Fundamentals 10.2 Metallic Finishes and Processes 10.3 Aluminum Coatings 10.4 Cadmium Coatings 10.5 Chromium Coatings 10.6 Copper Coatings 10.7 Copper Alloy Coatings 10.8 Tin and Tin Alloy Coatings 10.9 Silver Coatings References Chapter 11. Plastics Joining Materials and Processes 11.1 Introduction 11.2 General Types of Plastic Materials 11.3 Types of Plastic Joining Processes 11.4 Direct Heat Welding 11.5 Indirect Heating Methods 11.6 Friction Welding 11.7 Solvent Cementing 11.8 Methods of Mechanical Joining 11.9 Recommended Assembly Processes for Common Plastics 11.10 More Information on Joining Plastics References Chapter 12. Plastics and Elastomers as Adhesives 12.1 Introduction to Adhesives 12.2 Design and Test of Adhesive Joints 12.3 Surface Preparation 12.4 Types of Adhesives 12.5 Selecting an Adhesive 12.6 Effect of the Environment 12.7 Processing and Quality Control of Adhesive Joints References Chapter 13. Testing of Materials 13.1 Introduction Typical Paint and Coating Test Program 13.2 Chemical Characterization

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13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6

Thermal Analysis Thermal Testing Mechanical Testing Miscellaneous Testing Recommended Readings References

13.24 13.32 13.36 13.44 13.54 13.54 14.1 14.1 14.18 14.22 14.26 14.29 14.29 14.32 14.50 14.97 14.98 14.99 14.100
I.1

Chapter 14. Materials Recycling 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Collection of Materials for Recycling 14.3 Ferrous Metal Recycling 14.4 Aluminum Recycling 14.5 Recycling of Other Nonferrous Metals 14.6 Glass Recycling 14.7 Paper Recycling 14.8 Plastics Recycling 14.9 Recycling of Rubber 14.10 Recycling of Textiles 14.11 Recycling of Wood References
Index