Binomial Theorem

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Mr . Sherif Yehia Al Maraghy https://twitter.com/Mr_Sherif_yehia
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Binomial Theorem Algebra 3
rd
Secondary - 13 -
Binomial Theorem
( )
3
3 0 3 3 1 2 3 2 1 3 3 0
0 1 2 3
3 2 2 3
here n 3 Then x y C y x C y x C y x C y x
x 3x y 3x y y
= + = + + +
= + + +

Binomial Expansion
( )( )( ) ( )
n
To find the product of : x y x y x y ........... times x y + + + + n
( )
n
n o n n 1 n 1 n 2 n 2 n r n r n n
o 1 2 r n
Let x , y be two real numbers , and n is any positive integer , Then :
x y C y x C y x C y x ...... C y x ...... C y

+ = + + + + + +

Example :
( )
2
find: x y +
Answer :
( )
2
2 0 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 2 2
0 1 2
here n 2 x y C y x C y x C y x x 2x y y = + = + + = + +
Example :
( )
3
find: x y +
Answer :

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( )
n
1) The R.H.S. is called the expansion of the L.H.S. in the expansion of x y
2 ) The theorem is named Binomial because it contains 2 terms only .
3)The number of terms in the expansion equals Power
+
+
Remarks
( ) ( )
1 Or n 1
4)The power of " x" decreases gradually by one , while the power of " y" increases gradually
by one , Such that the sum of the two powers of x and y in any term is equal to n.
3)The first term
+
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
n r n r
st nd n nd st
r 1 r
is called T And the second term is called T ..... etc.
So if 1 2 Then T C 2 1

+
+ =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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rd
Secondary - 13 -
Example (1)
( )
5
Find the expansion of y z ordered according to the descending powers of y +
Answer
There will be 6 terms in this problem
( )
5
5 5 4 5 3 2 5 2 3 5 1 4 5 5
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 2 3 3 2 4 5
Which means
y z y C y z C y z C y z C y z C z
y 5z y 10 z y 10z y 5z y z
As you have seen in this expansion , the power of y is descending The power
of Z is ascending
+ = + + + + +
= + + + + +

So , if I ask you to answer the previous example but ordered to
the ascending powers of y
( ) ( )
( )
5 5
5
5 5 1 4 5 2 3 5 3 2 5 4 1 5 5
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 2 3 3 2 4 5
Here we have to replace y z z y
z y z C y z C y z C y z C y z C y
z 5y z 10 y z 10y z 5y z y
+ +
+ = + + + + +
= + + + + +

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
( )
5
Find the expansion of 3y 2x ordered according to the descending powers of x. +
Answer
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
5 5
st nd
5
5 4 1 3 2 2 3 4 5
5 5 5 5 5
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 2 3 3 2 4 5.
3y 2x 2x 3y 1 2x & 2 3y
2x 3y :
2x C 2x 3y C 2x 3y C 2x 3y C 2x 3y C 3y
32x 240y x 720y x 1080y x 810y x 243y
+ + = =
+
= + + + + +
= + + + + +

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 11 -
Special forms of binomials
(1) The sign form :

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
n 1 2 3 n
n n n 1 n n 2 n n 3
1 2 3
x y x -y x C -y x C -y x C -y x ........ - y

+ = + + + + +

(2) The simple form : if one of the terms is = 1 Then dont write the one
First : I f the power of x are in ascending order :

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
n n 2 n 3 n
1 2 3
n
n 2 3 n
n n n
1 2 3
1 x 1 C x C x C x ....x
1 x 1 -x 1 C - x C -x C -x .... - x
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +

Second : If the power of x are in descending order :

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
n n n 1 n n 2 n n 3
1 2 3
n
n 2 3 n
n n n 1 n n 2 n n 3
1 2 3
x 1 x C x C x C x .... 1
x 1 x -1 x C -1 x C -1 x C -1 x .... -1

+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)

Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st nd
4
4 2 3 4
4 3 2
4 4 4
1 2 3
4
4
-b
1 3a & 2 n 4
2
b b b b b b
3a 3a - 3a C - 3a C - 3a C - 3a -
2 2 2 2 2 2
b -b
3a 81a 4
2 2
= = =
(
| | | | | | | | | | | |
= + = + + + +
| | | | | |
(
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ .

| |
= +
|
\ .
2 3 4
3 2
4 3 2 2 3 4
4 3 b -b b
27a 9a 4 3a
2 1 4 8 16
27 3 1
81a 54ba b a b a b
2 2 16
| |
| | | |
| |
+ + +
|
| | |

\ .
\ . \ .
\ .
= + +

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4
b
Expand 3a
2
| |
|
\ .


rd
Secondary - 13 -
Example (4)
( )
6
Expand: 1 2m +
Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
st nd
6 2 3 4 5 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
2 3 4
1 1 & 2 2m n 7
1 2m 1 C 2m C 2m C 2m C 2m C 2m C 2m
6 5 6 5 4 6 5
1 6 2m 4m 8m 16m
2 1 3 2 1 2 1
= = =
+ = + + + + + +

| | | | | |
= + + + +
| |

\ . \ . \
( )
5 6
2 3 4 5 6
6 32m 64m
1 12m 60m 160m 240m 192m 64m
+ +
|
.
= + + + + + +
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (5)
5
2
1
Expand: x
3x
| |
|
\ .

Answer
st nd
2
5
5
2 2
2 3 4
5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 5
1 2 3 4 5
2 2 2 2
-1
1 x & 2 n 5
3x
1 1
x x -
3x 3x
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
x C x C x C x C x C
3x 3x 3x 3x 3
= = =
| |
| | | |
+
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
| | | | | | | |
= + + + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
5
2
5 4 3 2
2 4 6 8 10
5 2
4 7 10
5
2 3
x
-1 5 4 1 5 4 -1 1 -1
x 5 x x x 5 x
3x 2 1 9x 2 1 27x 81x 243x
5 10 10 5 1
x x
3 9x 27x 81x 243x
:
1 1
Put x as x 1
3x 3x
| |
|
\ .

| | | | | | | | | |
= + + + + +
| | | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
= + +
| |
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
\ .
Another solution
5
5
3
5
2 3 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 5
1 2 3 4
3 3 3 3 3 3
5
3
1
x 1 -
3x
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 1 - x 1 C - C - C - C - -
3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x
1 5 4 1
x 1 5
3x 2 1 9x
| |
| |
| |
+
| | | |
\ .
\ .
\ .
(
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
+ = + + + + +
(
| | | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
\ . (

| |
= +
|

\ .
6 9 12 15
5 2
4 7 10
5 4 1 1 1
5
2 1 27x 81x 243x
5 10 10 5 1
x x
3 9x 27x 81x 243x
(
| | | | | |
+
| | |
(
\ . \ . \ .

= + +


rd
Secondary - 13 -
Example (6)
2 9
9 8
If 1 2x x ............... x 512 , Then find the value of x
1 2
+ + + =

Answer
( ) ( )
9 9
9
1 x 512 1 x 2 1 x 2 x 1
: If the power was even , Then the solution would be Positive Or Negative
+ = + = + = =
Note

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (7)
6 5 2 4 6
6 5
If 729x 6 2 243y x 4 81y x ............... 64y , is binomail expansion
2 1
Then find this binomial and find its numerical value when x y 2
+ +
= =

Answer
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
6
6 5 2 4 6
6
6 5
729x 6 2 243y x 4 81y x ............... 64y 3x 2y
2 1
So when x y 2 Then 3 2 2 2 64
+ + =
= = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (8)
( ) ( )
4 4
If x 3 x 3 96 3 x , Then find the value of x + =
Answer
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st nd
4
1 2 3 4 5
4
1 2 3 4 5
5 5 3
4 3 4
2 4 1 3
By Subtracting both
1 x & 2 3 n 4
x 3 T T T T T
x 3 T T T T T
x 3 x 3 2T 2T 2 C 3 x 2 C 3 x

= = =
+ = + + + +
= + +
+ = + = +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
3 3
3 3
3 2
2 4 3 x 2 4 3 3 x 8 3 x 24 3 x
And 8 3 x 24 3 x 96 3 x 8 3 x 3x 12x
Then x 9x 0 x x 9 0 x x 3 x 3 0
Then x 0 Or
= + = +
+ = + =
= = + =
= x 3 Or x -3 = =


rd
Secondary - 13 -
Example (9)
( ) ( )
5 5
2
Prove that : 1 2 x 1 2 x 2 80 x 160 x + + = + +
Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 2 3 4 5
5 5 5 5 5
1 2 3 4 5
3 5
2
2 2
3 5
2
2 2
5
2 3 4 5
5 5 5 5 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 x 1 C 2 x C 2 x C 2 x C 2 x C 2 x
5 4 5 4
1 5 2 x 4x 8x 5 16x 32x
2 1 2 1
1 10 x 40x 80x 80x 32x
1 -2 x 1 C -2 x C -2 x C -2 x C -2 x C -2 x
+ = + + + + +
| | | |

| |
= + + + + +
| | |

\ .
\ . \ .
| | | |
= + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
+ = + + + + +
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 5
2
2 2
3 5
2
2 2
5 5
1 10 x
5 4 5 4
1 5 2 x 4x 8x 5 16x 32x
2 1 2 1
1 10 x 40x 80x 80x 32x
1 2 x 1 2 x :
+
| | | |

| |
= + +
| | |

\ .
\ . \ .
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ . \ .
+ +
( )
3
2
40x 80x + +
| |
|
\ .
( )
5
2
2
80x 32x + +
| |
|
\ .
( )
1 10 x + ( ) ( )
3 5
2
2 2
40x 80x 80x 32x + +
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
5 5
2
st nd
5
1 2 3 4 5 6
5
1 2 3 4 5 6
5 5 2 4
5 5
1 3 5 2 4
By adding both
1 2 x 1 2 x 2 80 x 160 x
1 1 & 2 2 x n 5
1 2 x T T T T T T
1 2 x T T T T T T
1 2 x 1 2 x 2T 2T 2T 2 1 2 C 2 x 2 C 2 x

+ + = + +
= = =
+ = + + + + +
= + +
+ + = + + = + +
Another Solution :
2
2 80 x 160 x
: We use this method when both brackets contain the same terms but with opposite signs
= + +
Note


rd
Secondary - 13 -
Example (10)
2n
Prove that : 3 8n 1 can be divided by 64
Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
n
n n 2 3
2n 2 n n n n
1 2 3
n n n n
2 3 2 3
2n
3 3 9 1 8 1 8 8n 1 1 C 8 C 8 C 8 ..... 8n 1
1 8n 64 C 8 C ..... 8n 1 64 C 8 C ......
3 8n 1 is divisibl
= = = + + = + + + +
( + + + + = + +

e by 64.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (11)
( )
6
3 2
Find the Coefficient of x in the expansion : 1 x x + +

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
6
2 st nd 2
2
6 5 4
6 2 6 2
1 2
6 6 2 6 3 6 2 5 6 4 4
1 2 3 1 1 2 1
3 6 3 6 2 5
3 1 1
1 x x 1 1 x & 2 x n 6
So 1 x C x 1 x C x 1 x ........
1 C x C x C x ..... C x 1 C x ..... C x 1 C x .....
Then the Coefficient of x : C x C x C x
+ + = + = =
+ + + + + +
( ( ( = + + + + + + + + + +

+ = 50

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (12)
( )
5
2 3 2
Find the Coefficient of x And x in the expansion : 1 x x +

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
| |
5
2 st nd 2
2 3
5 4 3 2
5 2 5 2 5 2
1 2 3
5 5 2 5 3 2 4 5 4
1 2 3 1 2
2 5
2
1 x x 1 1 x & 2 -x n 5
1 x C -x 1 x C -x 1 x C -x 1 x ........
1 C x C x C x ..... 5 x 1 C x ..... C x 1 .....
Then the Coefficient of x : C 5 5
Then the C
+ = + = =
+ + + + + + +
( ( + + + + + + + +

=
3 5 4
3 1
oefficient of x : C 5 C -10 =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 13 -
To get any general term of the expansion
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
n r n r
st nd n nd st
r 1 r
0 n
n nd st
1 0
1 n 1
n nd st
2 1
2 n 2
n nd st
3 2
3
n nd st
4 3
Then
For : 1 2 T C 2 1 is the General term , where r 0,1,2, ....n
So If :
r 0 T C 2 1
r 1 T C 2 1
r 2 T C 2 1
r 3 T C 2 1
+ = =
= =
= =
= =
= =
n 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (13)
9
2
2
Find thesixth term in 3x
3x
| |
|
\ .

Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st 2 nd
5
r n r 9 5
n nd st 9 2 9 4 8
r 1 r 6 5 1 5 4
5 5
-2
1 3x & 2 n 9
3x
-2 -32
T C 2 1 T T C 3x C 3 x
3x 3 x

+ +
= = =
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
9 3 3 3
4
-32 9 8 7 6 -32
C x x -1344x .
3 4 3 2 1 3
| | | |
= = =
| |

\ . \ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (14)
( )
11
2 -2
9
In the expansion x x , if T 165 , Then find x =
Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
st 2 nd -2
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
8 11 8
11 -2 2 11 16 6 10
9 8 3
1 x & 2 -x n 11
T C 2 1
11 10 9
T C - x x C x x x 1
3 2 1

= = =
=

= = = =

10
10 10 10
65 x
165 165 x x 1 x 1 and hence x 1 1

= = = = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 13 -
Example (15)
12
2
Find the ninth term from the end in x
x
| |
|
\ .

Answer
( ) ( )
st nd
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
9 5
-2
1 x & 2 n 12
x
T C 2 1
Number of terms 13 terms
T from the end T from the b
+
= = =
=
=
=
4
12 8 4 4
4
-2 12 11 10 9
eginning C x 16x 7920x
x 4 3 2 1

| |
= = =
|

\ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (16)
20
2
1
Find the fifth term from the end in the expansion x ordered according to the
x
descending powers of x
| |
|
\ .

Answer
( )
st 2 nd
16
4
20 2 20
5 21 5 1 17 16 4 8
Number of terms 21 terms
-1
1 x & 2 n 20
x
-1 1
T from the end T T from the beginning C x C
x x

+
=
= = =
| | | |
= = = = =
| |
\ . \ .
-8 -8
20 19 18 17
x 4845x
4 3 2 1

= =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (17)
( )
10
4 7
In the expansion 4x 3 ordered according to the descending powers of x if the ratio
between T and T is 32 : 7 , Then find x .
+

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
st nd
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
3 7
10
3
4
6 4
10
7
6
1 4x & 2 3 n 10
T C 2 1
C 3 4x
T 32 10 9 8 4 3 2 1

T 7 3 2 1 10 9 8 7
C 3 4x
+
= = =
=

= =

( )
( )
3
3
3
3
3
3
4x
32
3 7
4x
4 32 4 64x 32 27 32 27 3
x x
7 3 7 7 27 7 4 64 8 2
=
= = = = =


rd
Secondary - 34 -
Example (18)
( )
7
4 3
5
In x my , ordered according to the descending powers of x , if T 560y x , Then find m. + =
Answer
( )
( )
st nd
4
4 3 7 3 4 3
5 4
4
7 4 4 4
4
1 x & 2 my n 7
T 560 y x C my x 560y x
7 6 5
C m 560 m 560 m 16 2 m 2
3 2 1
= = =
= =

= = = = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (19)
( )
10
2 3
In the expansion 1 mx a bx cx 15x ....... according to the ascending powers of x
Then find the values of m , a , b and c .
+ = + + + +

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
st nd
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
10
1
1
10
2 1
2
10 2 2 2
3 2
1 1 & 2 mx n 10
T C 2 1
T 1 a a 1
T C mx b x b 10m 1
T C mx c x 45m x
+
= = =
=
= = =
= = =
= =
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3
10 3 3 3
4 3
2
c x c 45m 2
15 1 1
T C mx 15 x 120 m 15 m m
120 8 2
1
Substitute in 1 : b 10 5
2
1 45
Substitute in 2 : c 45
2 4
= =
= = = = = =
= =
| |
= =
|
\ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
11
2 st 2 nd
r n r
7 4 n nd st
r 1 r
r
r r
11 r 11 r
11 r
11 2 11 2
r 1 r r 1 r
r
11
11 -r
r 1 r
1 1
For a x 1 a x & 2 n 11
b x b x
Let's find the term which contains x & x : T C 2 1
1 1 1
T C a x T C a x
b x b x
1
T C x a
b
+ +
+
| |
+ = = =
|
\ .
=
| |
| | | |
= =
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
r
r 22 2r 11 r 22 3r
11
r 1 r
7
5
6 7
7 11
6 6 5
1
x T C a x
b
To get the Coefficient of x : Put 22 3r 7 3r 15 r 5
1
Then T is the term which contains x Where T C a x
b
Then the Coefficient of

+
| |
=
|
\ .
= = =
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
5
6
7 11
5
4
6 6
5 4 5
11 4 11
7 6 6
4 7
1
x : C a
b
To get the Coefficient of x : Put 22 3r 4 3r 18 r 6
1 1
Where T C a x Then the Coefficient of x : C a
b b
The Coeficients of x and x are
| |
|
\ .
= = =
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
6 5
5 6
11 11
6 5
6 5
5 6
11 11
6 5
1 1
equal C a C a
b b
1 1 1
And C C a a a ab 1
b b b
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
11
7 4 2
1
If the two Coefficients of x and x are equal inthe expansion a x According to
b x
The Descending powers of x , Then Prove that : ab 1
| |
+
|
\ .
=
( )( )
( )( )
5 n 5
6 5
7 n 7
8 7
n n n
5 7 6
n n n
7 6 5
2
The term which contains x isT C x
The term which contains x is T C x
C 7 C C 15 n 7 1 n 6 1 15
C 15 C C 7 7 6 7
n 6 n 5
15 n 11n 60 0 n 15 n 4 0 n 15
6
=
=
+ +
= = =

= = + = =
Example (20)
( )
n
5 7
Write the two terms containing x and x inthe expansionof 1 x and if the ratiobetween
Their coefficientsis 7 : 15 , then find n .
+

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (21)

Answer


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (22)
( ) ( )
n 1 n
r r 1
12
11
2 2
r 1
Prove that : C : C and use it to find the ratio between the sixth term
n
In x 3 and the seventh term is 3 x
+
+
=
+ +

Answer
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
n 1
r
n
r 1
11 6
5
2 11 2
6 5
12 6
6
2 12 2
7 6
11
5 2
11 12
11
6
2 5
5
12 3 12
12 12
2
6
6
7
C n 1 r 1 n r 1 r 1
C r n r 1 n n
T in the expansion of x 3 C 3 x
T in the expansion of 3 x C x 3
T in x 3
C 3 x
C 6 9
3 9 4.5
C 12 2
C 3 x
T in 3 x
+
+ +
= =

+ =
+ =
+
= = = = =
+

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 31 -
Number of terms "Which is Even"
Then the order of the middle term :
n 1 n 3
And
2 2
=
+ +
n+1 Number of terms "Which is odd"
n 2
Then the order of the middle term
2
=
+
=
n+1
The middle term Or the two middle term

Example (24)
( )
12
9
2
Find the middle term or the two middle terms in :
1
i) 2x ii ) 2a 1
x
| |

|
\ .

Answer
( )
6
6
12 2
7 6
i ) n 12 Even
Then the number of terms n 1 13 terms " Odd"
12 2
Thus there is only one middle term , whose is 7
2
1 12 11 10 9 8 7
Thus the middle term is T C - 2x
x 6 5 4 3 2 1
=
= + =
+
=

| |
= =
|

\ .
order
( ) ( )
12 6
6
4 5
9 5
5 4
1
64x 59136x
x
ii ) n 9 Odd
Then the number of terms n 1 10 terms " Even"
9 1 9 3
Thus there are two middle terms whose 5 and 6
2 2
9 8 7 6
The first middle term T C -1 2a 32a
4 3 2 1
=
=
= + =
+ +
= =

= = =

order
( ) ( ) ( )
5
5 4
9 4 4
6 5
4032a
9 8 7 6
The second middle term T C -1 2a -1 16a -2016a
4 3 2 1

= = =

n is even n is odd


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (25)
( )
17
If the two middle terms in the expansion 3x 5 are equal , find the value of x +
Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
8 9 9 8
17 17
9 10 8 9
8 9 9 8
17 17
8 9
n 17 Odd
Then the number of terms n 1 17 1 18 terms " Even"
17 1 17 3
Thus there are two middle terms whose 9 and 10
2 2
And T T C 5 3x C 5 3x
And C C 5 3x 5 3x
=
= + = + =
+ +
= =
= =
= =
order
5
3x 5 x
3
= =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (26)
9
2
3
1
Let the values of the two middle terms in 2x be a and b where a b then
4x
Prove that : a 8bx Zero
| |
=
|
\ .
+ =

Answer
( )
4
5
9 9
5 4 4 2 3
n 9 Odd
Then the number of terms 9 1 10 terms " Even"
9 1 9 3
Thus there are two middle terms whose order 5 and 6
2 2
-1 1
The first middle term : a T C 2x C
4x 8x
The second middle t
=
= + =
+ +
= =
| |
= = =
|
\ .
( )
5
4
9 9
6 5 5 2 6
3 9 9 3 9 9
4 5 4 5 3 6 3 3
-1 1
erm : b T C 2x - C
4x 64x
1 1 1 1
So a 8bx C - C 8x C C 0 R.H.S
8x 64x 8x 8x
| |
= = =
|
\ .
| |
+ = + = = =
|
\ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (27)
16
2
8
2x 3
Find themiddle term in and find the ratio between it and T .
3 2x
| |
+
|
\ .

Answer
8
8 8
2
16 16
9 8 8
n 16 Even
So the number of terms 16 1 17 terms " Odd"
16 2
Thus there exists one middle term whose order 9
2
3 2x 3
T C C
2x 3 2
=
= + =
+
=
| |
| | | |
= =
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
8
- 8
2
x
3
| |
|
\ .
16 16 8
8
9
7
2 11 16 8
16 16
9 8
8 7 7 11 3
16
8
7
x C x
3 2x 4x T C x 81
And T C C
4x 2x 3 9 T 32x
C
9
=
| |
| |
= = = =
| |
\ .
\ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (28)
( )
( )
2n
2n 1
Prove that the Coefficient of the middle term in x y is equal to the sum of the
Coefficients of the middle terms in x y

+
+

Answer
( )
( )
2n
2n n n 2n
n 1 n n
2n 1
In x y : The power is even , Then there is only one middle term
2n 2
Then the order is n 1
2
The middle term is: T C y x Its Coefficient C
In x y : T
+
+
+
= +
= =
+
( ) ( )
n 1 n
2n 1 2n 1
n n 1 n n 1
n
he power is odd , Then there is two middle terms
2n 1 1 2n 1 3
Then there order are n And n 1
2 2
Then the middleterms are :
T C y x Its Coefficient of T C
T

+
+ +
= = +
= =
( ) ( )
n n 1
2n 1 2n 1
1 n n n
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 1 2n
n 1 n n n
C y x Its Coefficient of T C
Then the sum : C C C C "Additional rule "
= =
+ = =


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (29)
( )
8
5
2
1
If the middle term in the expansion of 3x isequal to 1120,then find the valueof 2 x
3x
| |
+ +
|
\ .
Answer
( )
( )
4
4
8 2
5 4
4 4
5
5
The power is even , Then there is only one middle term
8 2
Its Order 5
2
1
Then the middle term is : T C 3x 1120
3x
8 7 6 5
x 1120 x 16 x 2
4 3 2 1
When x 2 2 x 4
+
= =
| |
= =
|
\ .

= = =

= + =
( )
10
5
2 1024
When x -2 2 x 0
= =
= + =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
The Term Independent free of x And the Coefficient of
r
x
Steps :
(1) Write the general term :
( ) ( )
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
T C 2 1

+
=
(2) Arrange your terms and collect them together and make
( )
r
x Alone 1
(3) Make the power of x in (1) = The power in the problem .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (30)
( )
( )
( )
10
2 -3
5
In the expansion of 3x x , find :
1 The Coefficient of x
2 The
( )
8
term independant of x .
3 Prove that the expansion has no term including x
Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st 2 nd -3
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
r 10 r
10 -3 2
r 1 r
r -3r 10 r 20 2r
r 10
r 1 r
1 3x 2 -x n 10
T C 2 1
Step 1 : Write the general term T C -x 3x
Step 2 : Make x alone T C -1 x 3 x

+

+
= = =
=
=
=
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
r 10 r 20 2r 3r
10
r 1 r
r 10 r 20 5r
10
r 1 r
5
T C -1 3 x
T C -1 3 x
1 To get the Coefficient of x :
Step 3 : Make the power of x in

+

+
=
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
20 5r 5 3 7 5
10
3
3 7
5 10
3
Means
1 The power in the problem
x x 20 5r 5 5r 20 5 15 r 3 C -1 3 x
Then the Coefficient of x C -1 3 -262440
2 To get the term independant "free" of x :
Independant
=
= = = = =
= =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
power 0
4 6
10 0
4
4 6
10
4
x , So put Power 0
20 5r 0 5r 20 r 4 C -1 3 x
Then the term independant "free" of x C -1 3 153090
3 To Prove that the expansion does not include the term
=
=
= = =
= =
8
x :
12
Put 20 5r 8 5r 12 r Which is not an integer
5
The expansion does not include the term x
= = =


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (31)
( )
9
5
1
In the expansion of x 3x , find :
2x
1 The term independant of x .

| |
+
|
\ .
( )
2
1
2 The Coefficient of
x

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st nd
r n r
5 n nd st
r 1 r
r
9 r
5 9
r 1 r
r
-r 9 r 9
r 5 9
r 1 r
1
1 3x 2 n 9
2x
T x C 2 1
1
Step 1 : Write the general term T x C 3x
2x
1
Step 2 : Make x alone T x C x 3 x
2
+

+
= = =
=
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
r
r
9 r 9 r r 5
9
r 1 r
r
9 r 14 2r
9
r 1 r
1
T C 3 x
2
1
T C 3 x 1
2

+
+

+
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
7
2
9 0
r 1 8 7
7
2
9
2
-2
2
1
14 2r 0 2r 14 r 7 T T C 3 x
2
1 81
Then the term independant "free" of x C 3
2 32
1
2 To get the Coefficient of " x " :
x
Step 3 : Make the power of x in 1
+
| |
= = = = =
|
\ .
| |
= =
|
\ .
=
=
( ) ( )
( )
14 2r -2
8
-2 9
8
The power in the problem
x x 14 2r -2 2r 14 2 16 r 8
1 27
Then the Coefficient of x C 3
2 256
= = = + = =
| |
= =
|
\ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (32)
11 4
2
2
x 2y x
Find the coefficient of in the expansion
y x 2y
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

Answer
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
st nd
2
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
r
11 r
2
11
r 1 r
2
r
11
r 1 r
2y x
1 2 - n 11
x 2y
T C 2 1
x 2y
Step 1 : Write the general term T C -
2y x
x 1
Step 2 : Make alone T C -
y
+
+
= = =
=
| |
| |
=
| |
\ .
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2r
r 11 r
11 r
2r r 11
r
11 r
11
r 1 r
3r 11
r
11 r
11
r 1 r
x y
2
2 y x
1 x x
T C - 2
2 y y
1 x
T C - 2 1
2 y
1 To
+
| |
| | | |
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
| | | |
| |
=
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
| |
| |
=
| |
\ .
\ .
( )
4
4 3r 11
4
5
6
11
r 1 6 5
4
11
5
x
get the Coefficient of :
y
x x
3r 11 4 3r 15 r 5
y y
1 x
T T C - 2
2 y
x 1
Then the Coefficient of C -
y 2
+
| |
|
\ .
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
| |
| |
= =
| |
\ .
\ .
| |
| |
=
|
\ .
\ .
( )
5
6
2 -924 =
|

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 34 -
Example (33)
12 12
4 2
2
1 1
Find the term which includes x in x x
x x
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .

Answer
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
12 r
12 r
24 2r
2 12 2 12 12 24 4r
r 1 r r r 2 2 2r
4
12 4
r 1 6 5
12 r
12 r
12 12
r 1 r r r
1 1 1
For x T C x C x C x
x x x
To get the term including x
24 4r 4 r 5 T T C x 1
1 1 1
For x T C x C x
x x x

+
+
+
| | | | | |
+ = = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
= = = =
| | | | | |
+ = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
( )
( )
12 r
12 12 2r
r
4
12 4
r 1 5 4
12 12
4 2 12 12 4 4
5 4 2
C x
To get the term including x
12 2r 4 r 4 T T C x 2
1 1
Then the term which includes x in x x C C x 297 x
x x

+
=
= = = =
| | | |
+ + = =
| |
\ . \ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (34)
( ) ( )
8 6
2
Find the Coefficient of x in 1 x 3 2x +
Answer
Very important note : There is a great difference between the previous Problem Subtraction
Between the two Binomials And this Problem Multiplication between two Binomials.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
8 6 6 5 2 4
8 8 2 8 3 6 6
1 2 3 1 2
2 4 5 6
2 6 8 6 8 2
2 1 1 2
2 2
2
1 x 3 2x 1 C x C x C x ..... 3 C 2x 3 C 2x 3 ....
The term which contains x 1 C 2x 3 C x C 2x 3 C x 3
15 4 81 8 6 2 243 28 729 x 1944x
Coefficient of x 1944
(
( + = + + + + +

( ( (
= +

+ =
=
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (35)
( )
5
2
2
2
1
Find the value of the term free of x in 2 x 1+
x
| |
+
|
\ .

Answer
( ) ( )
( )
( )
5 2
2
2 2 4 5 5
1 2 2 2 2
2 4
2 4
2 4
2 4
1 1 1
2 x 1 4 4x x 1 C C ....
x x x
1 1
4 4x x 1 5 10 ....
x x
1 1
The term free of x 4 1 4x 5 x 10
x x
(
| | | | | |
+ + = + + + + +
(
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
(

(
| | | |
= + + + + +
| |
(
\ . \ .

(
| | |
= + +
|
(
\ . \

4 20 10 34
(
|
= + + =
|
(
.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (36)
17
8 2
1
Find the value of the term free of x in x x
x
| |
|
\ .

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st 2 nd
r n r
8 n nd st
r 1 r
r
17 r
8 17 2
r 1 r
r -r 34 2r
r 8 17
r 1 r
1
1 x 2 - n 17
x
T x C 2 1
1
Step 1 : Write the general term T x C - x
x
Step 2 : Make x alone T x C -1 x x

+
= = =
=
| |
=
|
\ .
=
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
r 42 3r
17
r 1 r
14
17
r 1 15 14
T C -1 x 1
42 3r 0 3r 42 r 14 T T C -1
Then the term independant "f
+
+
=
= = = = =
17
3
ree" of x C 680 = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (37)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
9
11 10 9 2 11
Find the Coefficient of x in the following expansion:
11 10
2 x 16 2 x 1 x 2 x 1 x .... 1 x
2 1
(
+ + + + + + + + + +
(

Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
11
11 10 9 2 11
11
11 10
2 x 16 2 x 1 x 2 x 1 x .... 1 x 2 x 1 x
2 1
3 2x

(
+ + + + + + + + + + = + + + (

(

= +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
st nd
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
9
9 11
10 9
9 2
9 11
2
1 3 2 2x n 11
T C 2 1
The term containing x T C 2x 3
11 10
Coefficeint of x C 2 3 512 9 253440
2 1
+
= = =
=
= =
= = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (38)
15 5
10
2
3
Find the value of m,which makes the coefficient of x is equal to the coefficient of x
m
In the expansion of 2x where m R
x
+
| |
+ e
|
\ .

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st 2 nd
3
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
r
10 r
r -3r 10 r r 10 r
10 2 10 20 2r 10 20 5r
r 1 r r r 3
15
m
1 2x 2 n 10
x
T C 2 1
m
T C 2x C m x 2 x C m 2 x
x
To find the Coefficient of x : 20 5r 15 r 1

+
= = =
=
| |
= = =
|
\ .
= =
( )
( )
10 9 15
1
15 9
5 10 3 7 5
3
5 3 7 3
5
C m 2 x
Then the Coefficient of x is 10 m 2 5120m 1
To find the Coefficient of x : 20 5r 5 r 3 C m 2 x
Then the Coefficient of x is 120 m 2 15360m 2
And The Coefficient of x The Co

=
= =
=
=
( )
( )
15
3 3 3
2
efficient of x
15360m 5120m 15360m 5120m 0 5120 3m m 0
1 3
m 3m 1 m 0 " refused" Or m
3 3
= = =
= = =


rd
Secondary - 31 -
Example (39)
n
4
3
1
If the expansion of x contains a term free of x , Then prove that n 7k where
x
k Z , Find the term free of x when n 7
+
| |
+ =
|
\ .
e =

Answer
( )
r
n r
n r n 4n 7r
r 1 r r 3
7 0
5 4
1
T C x C x
x
4n
the expansion contains a term free of x 4n 7r 0 and hence r
7
And r must be a ve integer n 7k : k Z
7 6 5
When n 7: r 4 and T C x 35
3 2 1
Thus the term fre

+
+
| |
= =
|
\ .
= =
+ = e

= = = = =

e of x when n 7 is 35 =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (40)
( )
n
5 9 4
In the expansion of 1 x ordered according to the ascending powers of x ,if the Coefficient of
T is equal to the Coefficient of T ,Then find n , And if T 27.5 in this expansion ,Then find x
+
=
Answer
n 4 n 8
5 4 9 8
5 9
n n
4 8
4
T C x And T C x
And The Coefficient of T The Coefficient of T
" Coefficient of any Binomial , one of its terms is 1 means taking its factor"
C C n 4 8 12
And T 27.5
= =
=
= = + =
= =
Combination
12 3 3 3
3
12 11 10 1 1
C x x 27.5 x x
3 2 1 8 2

= = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (41)
( )
( )
n
8 7
n 1
If the Coefficient of T in the expansion of 1 x to the Coefficient of T in the expansion
1 y 10 :7 , Then find n .
+
+ =

Answer
( )
( )
7
The Coefficient n n
8 7 7
6
The Coefficient n 1 n 1
7 6 6
n
7
n 1
6
T C x C
And T C y C
C 10 n n 7 6 10 n n 1 6 10

C 7 n 7 7 n 1 7 7 6 n 1 7
n 10
n 10
7 7

=
=

= = =

= =


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (42)
8
2 4
Prove that :
2
There is no term free of x in the expansion x , Then find the term containing x
x
| |
|
\ .

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st 2 nd
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
r
8 r
r r 16 2r r 16 3r
8 2 8 8
r 1 r r r 1 r
2
1 x 2 - n 8
x
T C 2 1
2
T C - x C -2 x x T C -2 x
x
To get the term independant "free" of x :
16 3r 0

+ +
= = =
=
| |
= =
|
\ .
=
( ) ( )
4
4 4
8 4
5 4
16
3r 16 r Z Then there is no term free of x
3
To get the term Containing x :
16 3r 4 3r 12 r 4 Then T C -2 x 1120 x
+
= = e
= = = = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (43)
( )
n
2
If the Coefficient of x and x in the expansion of 1 a x ordered according to the ascending
Powers of x are 6 and 16 repectively ,Then find a and n .
+
Answer
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
n
2 1
2
2 n 2
3 2
2
The Coefficient of x appears in T C a x 6 na 6 1
n n 1
Also the Coefficient of x appears in T C a x 16 a 16 2
2 1
6 6 6
From 1 : n and by substituting in 2 1 a 32
a a a
Then 36 6a 32
= = =
= = =
| |
= =
|
\ .
=
4 2
6a 4 a
6 3
= = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
2n
1
In the expansion x , Prove that the term independant of x is the middle term .
x
| |
|
\ .
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
r n r
st nd n nd st
r 1 r
r
2n r r -r 2n r r 2n 2r
2n 2n 2n
r 1 r r r 1 r
1
1 x 2 - n 2n And T C 2 1
x
1
T C - x C -1 x x T C -1 x
x
To get the term independant "free" of x :
2n 2r 0 2n 2r n r Then the term f
+

+ +
= = = =
| |
= =
|
\ .
= = =
r 1 n 1
n 1
ree of x : T T
To get the middle term :
2n 2
Power 2n even Then the order of the middle term n 1
2
The middle term T The term free of x
+ +
+
=
+
= = = = +
= =
( )
5
2 3 4
In the expansion 1 x , It was found that 8T , 8T ,7T form an A.S. , Then find x . +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
st nd
2 4
2 3 4 3 3 2 4
2 3 2 3
5 5 5
2 1 3
3 2 2
1 1 2 x n 5
8T 7T
8T , 8T , 7T form an A.S. 8T 16T 8T 7T
2
16 C x 8 C x 7 C x 160 x 8 5 x 7 10 x
70x 160x 40x 0 10 x 7x 16x 4 0
Then 10x 7x
= = =
+
= = +
= + = +
+ = + =
( )( )
2
2 x 2 x 0 " refused" Or x " agreed" Or x 2 " agreed"
7
= = =
( )
n
2 3
1 2 3 1 2 3
If 1 x 1 a x a x a x , ......... And 2a , a , a form a G.S. , Then find the value of + = + + + n
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
st nd
n 2 3
n n n
1 2 3
n n n
1 1 2 2 3 3
2
1 2 3 2 1 3
1 1 2 x n n
If 1 x 1 C x C x C x
n n 1 n n 1 n 2
a C n a C a C
2 1 3 2 1
2a , a And a form an G.S. a 2a a
n n 1 n n 1 n n 1 n 2
2n
2 2 6
= = =
+ = + + +

= = = = = =

=

=
n 1 n 2
2 3n 3 4n 8
2 3
n 5

= =
=
Example (44)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (45)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (46)

Answer


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Example (47)
12
m
1
In the expansion x where m Z , find :
x
i)The values of which make a term free of x in the expansion
ii)The ratio between the term free of x and the coefficient of the middle term
for t
+
| |
+ e
|
\ .
m
( )
he largest value of m

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
st m nd
r n r
n nd st
r 1 r
r
12 r
12m mr r
12 m 12
r 1 r r
12m mr r
0
1
1 x 2 n 12
x
T C 2 1
1
T C x C x
x
i ) To get the term free of x : x x
12m r

+

= = =
=
| |
= =
|
\ .
=

( )
7
9
10
r
mr 0 m 12 r r and hence m , where m Z
12 r
When r 6 , then m 1 and T is the term free of x
When r
+
= = = e
= =
= =
= =
=
11
12
12 12
12 11 1
7
10 , then m 5 and T is the term free of x
ii )The l arg est value of m 11 when r 11
the term free of x is T C C 12
T is the middle te
=
= =
= =
= = =
12
6
rm and its coefficient is C 924
The term free of x 12 1

The coefficient of the middle term 924 77
=
= =


rd
Secondary - 33 -
Well known problem : The ratio between two successive terms
( )
nd
n
st nd
r 1
st
r
nd
r 1
st
r
T n r 1 2
In the expansion of 1 2 , We have
T r 1
Coefficient of T n r 1 Coefficient of the 2
Also
Coefficient of T r Coefficient of the1
Where r : is the Order " Opposite to that of
+
+
+
+ =
+
=
small Combination"

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (48)
( )
12
5 9 8
4 10 6
T T T
In the expansion of 3x 4y , find a) b) c)
T T T

Answer
nd
st nd
r 1
st
r
5 5
4 4
10 10 10
9 9 9
8 8 7
6 7
T n r 1 2
Where 1 3x 2 -4y n 12
T r 1
T T 12 4 1 -4y -3y
a )For : Put r 4
T T 4 3x x
T T 12 9 1 4y 16 y T 27
b )For : Put r 9 - - -
T T 9 3x 27x T 16 y

T T T
c )
T T T
+
+
= = = =
+
= = =
+
= = = =
=
2
2
6
12 7 1 -4y 12 6 1 - 4y 6 -4y 7 -4y 16 y
7 3x 6 3x 7 3x 6 3x 9x
+ +
| || |
= = =
| |
\ .\ .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (49)
12
1
If the ratio between the term free of x and the preceding term in x is 7:3 , then find x
2x
| |
+
|
\ .
Answer
( )
r
- r
12 12 r 12 12 2r
r 1 r r
7
2
7
2 2
6
1
T C x C 2 x
2x
To get the term free of x : 12 2r 0 r 6 T is free of x
T 7 12 6 1 1 7 7 7 1 1
And x x
T 3 6 2x 3 12x 3 4 2

+
| |
= =
|
\ .
= =
+
= = = = =


rd
Secondary - 33 -
( ) ( )
st nd
7 8
n n n n
8 7 8 7 9 8 9 8
n n
8 9 7 8
7 7
5 6
1 1 2 x n n
T C x Coefficient T C & T C x Coefficient T C
Coefficient T Coefficient T C C n 7 8 15
T T
T T
= = =
= = = =
= = = + =
=
2
6
5
2
2
8 9
9
T n 6 1 x n 5 1 x 15 6 1 x 15 5 1 x 110x
T 6 1 5 1 6 1 5 1 30
11x 44 3 44 4 2
x x
3 75 75 11 25 5
:
Coefficient T Coefficient T
The Coefficient T
The
+ + + +
| || | | || |
= = =
| | | |
\ .\ . \ .\ .
= = = =
Another solution
nd
st
8
n r 1 Coefficient of the 2
1
Coefficient T r Coefficient of the1
n 8 1 1
1 n 7 8 n 15 Then Continue by the same way ....
8 1
+
=
+
= = =
Example (50)
( )
n
6 7 4 2
In the expansion of 1 x according to the ascending powers of x ,if T 2T and T :T 15:4
Then find n and x
+ = =

Answer
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
7
6 7
6
4 4 3
2 3 2
2 2
2
2
T 1 n 6 1 1
T 2T x n 5 x 3 1
T 2 6 2
T T T 15 n 3 1 n 2 1 15
And x x
T T T 4 3 2 4
n 2 n 1
15 45
x n 2 n 1 x 2
6 4 2
3 9
From 1 : x x Then Substitute i
n 5
n 5
+
= = = =
+ +
| || |
= = =
| |
\ .\ .

= =
= =

( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
2
n 2
9 n 3n 2
9 45 45 n 3n 2 45 5
n 2 n 1
2 n 10n 25 2 n 10n 25 18 2
n 5
1
3n 44n 121 0 3n 11 n 11 0 n 11 and from 1 x
2
+
+
= = = =
+ +
+ = = = =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (51)
( )
n
8 9
7 5
In the expansion of 1 x if the coefficient of T is equal to the coefficient of T and the ratio
between T And T 44 :75 , Then find n and x .
+
=

Answer


rd
Secondary - 33 -
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3
2
4
3
T 20 1 n 2 1 y 1 n 1 y 1 y
n 1 2 1
T 40 2 2 2x 2 4 x 2 x
T 5 1 n 3 1 y 1 n 2 y 1 y 3
n 2 2
T 20 4 3 2x 4 6 x 4 x 2
n 1 2 4
Divide 1 by 2 : we get 2 4n 8 3n 3 n 5
n 2 3 3
From
+
| |
= = = = =
|
\ .
+
= = = = =
= = = =
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
n 1
n
2 1
4 4
n 4
1
5
5
y
1 : 5 1 2 x 2y
x
And T 40 C 2x y 40 but n 5 And x 2y
C 2x y 5 4y y 40 5y 256 y 40
1 1 1
y y As x 2y Thus x 1
32 2 2
= =
= = = =
= = =
= = = = =
Example (52)
( )
n
If the values of the second , third and the fourth terms in 2x y is 40 , 20 and 5
Then find x , y and n
+

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (53)
If the ratio between the coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion
( )
n
3x 4y +

is
27 ,36 , 32 respectively ,Then find the value of n and the order of these terms.
Answer
Let the three consecutive terms be
r r 1 r 2
T , T , T
+ +

( )
nd
r 1
st
r
r 1
r
The coefficient of T n r 1 coefficient of 2 36
The coefficient of T r coefficient of 1 27
The coefficient of T n r 1 4 36 4 n r 1
1
The coefficient of T r 3 27 3 r
n r 1 r n 2r -1 1
The coefficie
+
+
+
= =
+ +
= = = =
+ = =
( )
( )
( )
r 2
r 1
1 2 3
n r 1 1
nt of T 4 32 8 n r 2
The coefficient of T r 1 3 36 9 r 1 3
3n 3r 2r 2 3n 5r -2 2
by simultanous : r 1 , n 1 Then the three terms are T ,T ,T
+
+
+ +

= = = =
+ +
= + =
= =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 34 -
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
9
6 7 8 7
6 8
7 7
2 2
The expansion according to the descending powers of x will be x 2
1
T T 7T Divide by T
4
7 9 7 1
T 1 T 6 x 1 2 3x 1 6
7
T 4 T 9 6 1 2 4 7 x 4 4 x
3x x 24 3x x - 24 0 3x 8 x 3 0 x
+
+ =
+
+ = + = + =
+
+ = + = + =
8
Or x -3
3
= =
Example (54)
Three consecutive terms in the expansion
( )
30
1 x + were taken such that the relation of the sum
of the Coefficients of the first and the second of these terms to the sum of the Coefficients of the
second and the third terms is 5:3 , then find these terms .
Answer
Let the three consecutive terms be
r r 1 r 2
T , T , T
+ +

( )
( )
n n
r 1 r
n n
r r 1
30 30 31
r 1 r r
30 30 31
r r 1 r 1
C C 5
Then
C C 3
Note : We can write these Coefficients as above when 1 x exists only
C C C r 1 5

C C C 31 r 1 1 3
r 1 5
3r 3 155 5r 8r 152 r 19
31 r 3
Then
+ +
+
=
+
+
+ +
= = =
+ + +
+
= + = = =
19 20 21
the three terms are T ,T ,T

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (55)
( )
9
6 7 8
1
In the expansion of 2 x if T T 7T ,Then find x
4
+ + =
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


rd
Secondary - 33 -
( )
( )
n
3
3 n 3 n
3
4 3 3
n 8
3 3
6
8 6
7 6
6
6
1512 P
T -1512x C -3x -1512x C 56 56
27 3
P 56 3 8 7 6 P n 8
8 7
And T 28 C -3x 28 729x 28
2 1
1 1 1
x x
729 3 3
= = = = =
= = = =
= = =
| |
= = =
|
\ .
( )
( )
n n 1
n 1
n 1 n
n
10 10
10
2n 1 1 2n 1 3
The two middle terms are n And n 1
2 2
Then the two middle terms are : T And T
2n 1 n 1 T - a - a - a
And T T 1 1 1 x
T n bx bx b
-2a a a a
1024 2 2 a 2b
b b b b
+
+
+
+ +
= = +
+
= = = = =
| | | |
+ = = = =
| |
\ . \ .
Example (56)
( ) ( )
2 n
6 4 8
if 5 T 18T T In the expansion of 1 x find the value of n where n is a positive integer = +

Answer
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
6 8 6 5 8 7
6 6 4 8
4 6 5 4 7 6
2 2
2
2
2
5T T 5 T T T T
5T T 18T T
18T T 18 T T T T
5 n 5 1 n 4 1 n 7 1 n 6 1
x x x x
18 5 4 7 6
n 4 n 3 n 6 n 5
42 n 7n 12 72 n 11 30
18 4 7 6
n 7n 12 72 12
7n
n 11 30 42 7
(
= = =
(

+ + + +
( ( ( (
=
( ( ( (

= + = +

+
= =
+
( )( )
2
2
49n 84 12n 132n 360
5n 83n 276 0 5n 23 n 12 0 n 12 Only
+ = +
+ = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (57)
( )
n
3
4
7
In the expansion of 1 3x ordered according to the ascending powers of x ,if T -1512x
And T 28 ,Then find n and x
=
=
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (58)
( )
2n 1
10
If the two middle terms in bx a are equal in magnitude then find x , and if
a
2x 1024 , Then Prove that a 2b
b
| |
+ = =
|
\ .

Answer

Binomial Theorem

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