4G TECHNOLOGY

Ramya Matta Ph. No: 9949344071 ramyamatta90@gmail.com Md. Rabia Sultana ph.no:8099017310 rabby.mohd@gmail.com

RAJAMAHENDRI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT In a world of fast changing technology, there is a rising requirement with each for other people and of to have the communicate and get connected appropriate and timely access to information regardless location of the each individuals or the information. The increasing demands and requirements for wireless communication systems ubiquity have led to the need for a better understanding issues theory and of in and their fundamental communication electromagnetic new evolution and a complete 3G replacement communications . A descendant to 2G and 3G aiming to provide the very high data transfer rates. This technology can provide very speedy wireless internet access to not only stationary users but also to the mobile users. This technology is expected to trounce the deficiencies of 3G technology in terms of speed and quality. 4G can be best described in one word MAGIC, Mobile Anywhere which Global stands for multimedia Anytime mobility in wireless

implications for the design of highly-capable wireless systems. 4G, which is also known as beyond generation 3G or cell fourthphone

support, integrated wireless and personalized services. MAGIC of 4G TECHNOLOGY:

technology, refers to the entirely

describe

communications

in

which electromagnetic waves or RF(rather than some form of wire)carry a signal over part of the entire communication system. Common examples of wireless equipment in use today include: So far there has been no specific definition to this successor of 2G and 3G. However it has been used often to denote a fast internet access available to mobile phone users. More over the distinguishing feature of high multimedia streaming and end to end IP configuration is judged to be its MAGIC enchantment.3G utilized WiMax and WiFi as separate whereas wireless 4G is technologies, expected to Consumer Two Way Radio including FRS (Family Radio Service), GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) and Citizens band ("CB") radios. The Amateur Radio and Marine VHF

Service (Ham radio). Consumer professional radios. Cellular telephones and pagers: provide connectivity for portable and mobile applications, both personal and business. Global Positioning System (GPS): allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains of boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on earth. Satellite television: allows viewers in almost any location to select from hundreds of channels.

coalesce these two technologies. Hence one can evaluate how efficient it would become when combining two extremely reliable technologies. INTRODUCTION The term wireless has become a generic word and used allto encompassing

technology Wireless gaming: new gaming consoles allow players to interact and play in the same game regardless of whether they are playing on different consoles. Players can chat, send text messages as well as record sound and send it to their friends. In the last fifty years, wireless communications industry experienced drastic changes driven by many technology innovations. The term "wireless" came into public use to refer to a radio receiver or transceiver (a dual purpose receiver and transmitter device), establishing its usage in the field of wireless telegraphy early on; now the term is used to describe modern wireless connections such as in cellular networks and wireless broadband Internet. It is also used in a general sense to refer to any type of operation that is implemented without the use of wires, such as "wireless "wireless regardless remote energy of the control" or transfer", specific Telecommunication Perhaps the best known example of wireless technology is the cellular telephone. A cellular mobile communications system In the history of wireless technology, the demonstration of the theory of electromagnetic waves by Heinrich Hertz in 1888 was important. The theory of electromagnetic James Michael Clerk waves Maxwell was and Hertz predicted from the research of Faraday.

demonstrated that electromagnetic waves could be transmitted and caused to travel through space at straight lines and that they were able to be received by an experimental apparatus. Light, colors, AM and FM radio, and electronic devices make use of the electromagnetic Wireless spans the spectrum. communication

spectrum from 9 kHz to 300 GHz.

uses a large number of low power wireless transmitters to create cells-the basic geographic service area of a wireless communication system.

1ST GENERATION(1G) In the world of cell phones, 1G signifies first-generation wireless analog technology standards that originated in the 1980s. 1G was replaced by 2G wireless digital standards. 1G was introduced as the analog standard for cell phones in the 1980s. In 1G, Narrow band analogue wireless network is used, with this we can have the voice calls and can send text messages. These services are provided with circuit switching. Todays the usual call starts from the beginning pulse to rate to the final rate. 2nd GENERATION(2G) In the world of cell phones, 2G signifies second-generation wireless digital technology. Fully digital 2G networks replaced analog 1G, which originated in the 1980s.2G networks saw their first commercial light of day on the GSM standard. GSM stands

The telecommunication service in World had a great leap within a last few year.6 billion people own a mobile phones so we are going to analyze the various generations of cellular systems evolution communications as studied of from in the 1st mobile

generation to 4th generation. In the present time, there are four generations in the mobile industry. These are respectively 1G the first generation, 2G the second generation, 3G the third generation, and then the 4G the forth generation.

for global system for mobile communications.2G on GSM standards were first used in commercial practice in 1991 by Radiolinja, which was a Finnish GSM operator founded on Sept. 19, 1988. Radiolinja is now part of Elisa, which was known in the 1990s as the Helsinki Telephone Company. Then in case of 2G Narrow Band Wireless Digital Network is used. It brings more clarity to the conversation and both these circuit-switching model. Both the 1G and 2G deals with voice calls and has to utilize the maximum bandwidth as well as a limited till sending messages i.e. SMS. The latest technologies such as GPRS, is not available in these generations. But the greatest disadvantage as concerned to 1G is that with this we could contact with in the premises of that particular nation, where as in case of 2G the roaming facility a semiglobal facility is available. 3rd GENERATION(3G) To overcome the limitations of 2G and 2.5G the 3G had been introduced. In this 3G Wide Brand Wireless Network is used with which the clarity increases and gives the perfection as like that of a real conversation. The data are sent through the technology called Packet Switching .Voice calls are Firstly, this mid generation was introduced mainly for involving latest bandwidth technology with addition had not to the existing 2G generation. To be frank but this brought out any new evolution and so had not clicked to as much to that extend. 2.5G In between 2G and 3G there is another generation called 2.5G. was a temporary bridge between 2G and 3G. 2.5 GENERATION(2.5G)

interpreted through Circuit Switching. 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology.

itself

to

every

living

space

possible, so that human beings remain intact with the wireless technology intentionally and unintentionally. Therefore 4G is be able to connect various high speed networks together, which would enable each one of us to carry digital devices even in dispersed locations. The network operators worldwide would be able to deploy wireless mesh networks and make use of cognitive radio technology for widespread coverage and access. Now we are in the midst of 4G. In China, the 3G service came into existence only by last February. Therefore, that it may take time for exposing to other states.The 3G (Third Generation) had also reached India recently. There is no doubt that within a few years India will be the first in telecom users also. In continuous development of mobile environments, the major service providers in the wireless

3G technologies enabled faster data-transmission speeds, greater network capacity and more advanced network services. 3G supersedes 2G technology and precedes 4G techlogies.

4thGENERATION(4G): 4G can greatly anticipate in evolving and advancing the pervasive computing. The aim of pervasive computing is to attach

market kept on monitoring the growths of 4th generation (4G) mobile technology. 2G and 3G are well-established mainstream mobile as the technology

switched

network

nodes

respectively, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will require low-latency data transmission. Based on the study, 4G mobile technology is in a determining and standardization stage.

around the world. 3G is stumbling to obtain market share for a different reasons and 4G is achieving some confidence

4G is a multi purpose and versatile technology hence it can utilize almost all of the packet switched technologies. It can use both and Just as data-transmission speeds increased from 2G to 3G, the leap from 3G to 4G again promises even higher data rates than existed in previous generations. 4G promises voice, data and high-quality multimedia in real-time (streamed) form all the time and anywhere. Unlike 3G, which is based on two parallel infrastructures circuit switched consisting and of packet Orthogonal Orthogonal Multiple Frequency Frequency Access Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Division

(OFDMA). OFDM mechanism splits a digital signal into different narrowband and frequencies. The reason why 4G makes use of this technology lies in its ability to minimize the intervention among symbols and channels associated to data streaming.4G is also capable of using Multiple Input / Multiple Output technology (MIMO).This antenna technology is used to optimize the data speed

and reduce the errors in the networks. Universal Mobile Service Telecommunication

emerging to ach the goal of 4G systems such as high rate, high reliability, and long range communications. In the early 90s, to cater the growing data rate needs of data communication, many transmission schemes were proposed. One technology, spatial multiplexing, gained importance for its bandwidth conservation and power efficiency. multiple antennas at Spatial the multiplexing involves deploying transmitter and at the receiver. Independent streams can then be transmitted simultaneously from all the antennas. This technology, called MIMO (as a branch of intelligent antenna), multiplies the base data rate by (the smaller of) the number of transmit antennas or the number of receive antennas. Apart from this, the reliability in transmitting high speed data in the fading channel can be improved by using more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver. This is called transmit or receive diversity. Both transmit/receive diversity and transmit spatial

(UMTS) which is basically a broadband 3G technology is also a part of 4G. This broadband technology transfers data in the form of frames or packets. Hence it is capable of carrying voice, video, text and other types of multimedia datagram with the speed of 2Mb. UMTS is part of 4G because it can enables 4G to make use of international mobile phone roaming via using GSM (Global wireless technology Division system for Mobile Communications).Another telecommunication known as Time Code Synchronous

Division Multiple Access (TDSCDMA) provides support to 4G to transfer both circuit switched data like video and voice and packet switched of data. The radio performance

communications depends on an antenna system, termed smart or intelligent antenna. Recently, multiple antenna technologies are

multiplexing are categorized into the space-time coding techniques, which does not necessarily require the channel knowledge at the transmitter. The other category is closed-loop technologies, channel transmitter. multiple which antenna require at the

stationary users but also for mobile users.4G can be efficiently combined with cellular technologies to make consistent use of smart phones. The digital cameras attached in smart phones can be used to establish video blogs in scattered geographical regions. This gives the manufactures the opportunity to produce more affordable user friendly 4G compatible devices. Famous iPod is one such device that supports the working of video blogs. Hence 4G is capable of providing new horizon of

knowledge

The

telecommunication

opportunity for both existing and startup telephone companies. OPPORTUNITIES IN 4G: - Evolutionary approach may yield opportunities for the 4G - Emphasis on heterogeneous networks investments - Strategic alliance and coalition opportunities with traditional non telecommunication Industries capitalizes on past

companies like NTT Docomo from Japan and Sprint Nextel were also deploying 4G wireless technologies from the early 2006 along with to with 3G be mobile used GSM in and The only for technologies. The flexibility of 4G technologies combination over other

CDMA has provided it an edge technologies. of data 4G not reason is that the high broadband capability increases streaming

Thus, it is inevitable that 4G technology replace 3G would in a completely long run.

Nevertheless, 4G and 3G tend to keep a co-competitive relationship in a short run. In order for 4G to - Sophisticated and mature commercialization of 4G technology would encourage more applications of e-commerce and m-commerce - Worldwide economy recover stimulates consumption and consumer confidence, therefore bring in opportunities for telecommunication sections - It is expected and predicted that consumers will continue to replace handsets with newer technology at a fast rate. - Desirable higher data capacity rates, the growth opportunity for 4G is very bright and hopeful. THREATS IN 4G: - Faster rate of growth and developments in other region - Since 3G mobile is still in the market, it squeezes the market competition in the mobile industry. 4. CONCLUSION grow in the future market, it is unavoidable to compete with 3G and acquire 3Gs customers. As it was also analyzed and investigated through the above scenarios, the comparison was made here that among three candidates for the 4G presented. However, the mainstream of service providers concern about regulation, uncertainty of market, and economic burden. Any how, there are still plenty of opportunities for 4G. Under these circumstances, to be flourished in the future telecommunication market, each technology should be finalized its standards soon and developed systems to meet needs of consumer demands in a right time.