Marketing flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer.

. Converse and Huegy is the transportation of goods from the point of production/ manufacturing going to the consumer and all the transactions in getting the goods. Hansen process of discovering and translating consumer wants into product and services specification McCarthy is a performance of business activities which directs the flows of goods and services of producers going to the consumer or user in order to satisfy the needs of the consumer. Cotler marketing is a human activity directed satisfying needs and wants through the exchange process. Roberto Medina it is a exchange activities conducted by the individual or organization for the purpose of satisfying, human wants with the view of accomplishing the individual or organizational objective. Exchange exchanging one goods to another Human Wants exist when a person is unstate of needs or to satisfy needs in the process. 3 MARKETING CONCEPTS BY COTLER Product Concept where the firm or producers approved looks for interested buyer later. Selling Concept decides to produce a product or service, first and concentrate or selling the same group of perceive customers. Marketing Concept where the firm first determine the needs, wants and values of a target market, then adopts the firm to satisfy these needs and wants more efficiently and effectively than each competitors. MARKETING VARIABLES A) THE MARKETING MIX 1. The Product the tangible commodity or the intangible service that the business form offers for sale to prospective customers 2. The Price the amount of money paid by the customers to the selling firm so the customer can use the product 3. The Place when the firm wants to emphasize the place variable. It makes the companys product available in the location and time required by buyers. 4. The Promotion the provision of required information to prospective customers so that they are persuaded to buy. a. Personal Selling involves the uses of the services of salesmen to influence the buyers purchasing decision. b. Mass Selling involves the simultaneous persuading of large numbers of prospects to buy the companys product. c. Sales Promotion refers to promotion activities other than personal selling, advertising, and publicity. B) THE MARKETING ENVIRONMENT 1. Political Force 2. Legal and Regulatory Forces 3. Societal Forces 4. Consumer Movement Forces 5. Economic Force 6. Technological Force Marketing market A market composed of people with needs to satisfy the money to spend the willingness to spend, and the ability to satisfy the objectives of the seller Muscleman marketing is a place where sellers and buyers exchange goods for an agreed upon price. IvanCerich a group of people or organization that buy a particular good, service or concept. Byrns and Stone any mechanism that enables buyers and sellers to strike bargains and to transact. Stantone composed of people with 1) needs to satisfy 2) the money to spend 3) the willingness to spend. TYPES OF MARKET 1) Consumer Market buyers are intended directly consumer 2) Industrial Market this are organization that requires goods and services which are use in the production of goods that later sells or distribute at a profit or to satisfy objectives. 3) Reseller Market refers to organization that buys goods and services which they sell with a profit. 4) Government Market government agencies that buys products and services for use in the production. 5) International Market refers to all types of buyer found in abroad consumers, producers, resellers and government. MARKET SEGMENTATION this is the process of knowing the overview of a target market. BASES FOR MARKET SEGMENTATION Demographic Segmentation knows the population of a program. It also refers to population. Psychographic Segmentation tells about personality. 5 KINDS OF SOCIAL CLASSES ACCORDING TO HANS: Upper Class includes the mayor, higher positions in the government 1%. Upper Middle Class owners of farm over 20 hectares. Mostly are professionals, manager of the banks 10%. Lower Midlle Class this one compose of workers, most professors, teachers, owner of farms 3-9 hectares. Only 20% Upper Lower Class this are compose of factory workers, and skilled workers, small farmers, office workers. 32% Lower Lower Class compose of unskilled laborers. 1- hectares of lands. Landless. Tenant farmers. Handicapped people. Scavengers. Household workers. PERSONALITY TRAITS OF FILIPINO 1. Hiya 2. Amorproprio/ Self-esteem 3. Utang na loob 4. Pakikisama 5. Bahala na 6. Yes 7. Pakipot SELLING HABITS OF THE FILIPINO 1. Suki patronizing one store or Loyal to the store. 2. Hingi Dag Dag Habit asking for an extra. 3. Buena Mano or First buyer in the store. 4. Tumpok Tumpok Habit to groom who wants to see. 5. Hulugan o Paiyakan Habit buying on the installment basis and collecting amount every payday. 6. Kantahan Habit singing is used in selling. 7. Bulungan Habit whispering the price to pay for the merchandise. 8. Tawad Habit Bargening. 9. Lako Habit carrying wares to sale. 10. Tingi Habit 11. Pakyaw Habit customers pay for a lumpsum basis. Brand is a name, a term, a sign, symbol or a design or a combination of these elements that is intented to identify the goods or sevices of ones seller or a group of sellers. Legally registered or not legally registered consist of two: 1) The BRANDNAME refers to a part of brand consisting or words, letters, and numbers that can be vocalized.

2) The BRANDMARK refers to a part of a brand that appears to be in a form of symbol, design, distinctive coloring, lettering which can be vocalized. KINDS OF BRANDS 1) Manufacturers Brand is owned and controlled by a manufacturer 2) Distributors Brand is owned and controlled by a firm whose primary activity is distribution. BRANDS VS. BRANDING BRANDING refers to a familiar method of making products recognizable and make it easy to buyers and make it purchase. PACKAGING refers to all activities involves in production, designing the container. LEVELS IN PACKAGING according to Cotler: 1. Primary Package which is the product is immediate container. 2. Secondary Package which protects the primary package. 3. Shipping Package which contains the secondary package, provides easy storage identification and shipping. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PRODUCT CONSUMER GOODS those identified for final consumption by consumer. 2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF CONSUMER GOODS 1. Rate of Consumption and Tangibility a) Durable Goods this are tangible good normally survive in many uses. b) Non-Durable Goods this are tangible products which survive in one or few uses. c) Serrvices this intangible goods. 2. Consumer Shopping Habits a) Convenience Goods this are product which are purchase with a minimum effort. b) Shopping Goods this are those brought only after an effort to compare with other goods has been made. c) Specialty Goods are those were the consumers are not willing to accept a substitute. d) Unsought Goods are those goods that are not yet wanted to buy or are still unknown to the consumer. 2 TYPES OF UNSOUGHT GOODS 1) New Unsought Goods this are new ideas or products that the consumers still have to know to have motivated. 2) Regular Unsought Goods this are those stay unsought but not unsought forever. INDUSTRIAL GOODS those goods use in the production of an other goods. CATEGORIZED 1) Installation it refers to industrial products which has long life that are generally expensive, and they form part of the major capital of an industrial firm. 2) Accessory Equipment this are industrial goods use as aids in the production process. 3) Component Parts and Materials this are processed industrial goods that still be used and become an actual part of finished product. 4) Supplies this are items that is used as an aids in the operating process but do not become part of a finished product. 5) Servies this are expenses items that assist in the operation. 6) Raw Materials this are unprocessed industrial goods that will become part of another product. 2 TYPES: a. Farm Products are those grown by farmers. b. Natural Products are those which require by nature. Research Tools are devices and instruments used in collecting and analyzing data. Research Techniques basic procedures by which research tools are used. Research Methods are basic approaches involved in obtaining information Data are raw materials Information is arranged data. In an information gathering process, data is the input and information is the output. This distinction is important. What may be information to one may only be data to another. THE MARKETING PROCESS I. Identification of the problem and objectives of the study II. Conducting a situation of a research design III. Development of a research design IV. IV. Presentation and execution of research findings V. V. Follow-up study 3 CLASSFICATIONS OF RESEARCH DESIGN Exploratory study is done when little information is available on the subject or problem. Conclusive research refers to projects that aid a manager in making a decision from a number of alternatives. One popular type of this is descriptive study. This study is characterized by planned structural research design that makes use of information from secondary sources. Casual study is conducted for data that are used for predictions or for suggesting causes. It takes the form of an experiment as it studies the causes on the normal environment. TYPES OF DATA Secondary data are those already available having been collected and analyzed by someone else. Primary data are original information specifically gathered for the project at hand. Questionnaire preparation. Is the instrument through which the researcher communicates information needs to a group of potential respondents, stimulates an accurate response and renders data in a form that is meaningful for analysis. 3 TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRE a) Structured questionnaire provides a multiple-choice format as the answers available to the respondent are specified by the researcher. b) Semi-structured form provides specific questions but allows for open-ended responses as in fill in the blanks or discussion question approach. c) Unstructured questionnaire provides neither specific questions nor answers.