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High Density SludgeProcess

Britannia Mine Acid Mine Drainage Treatment BritamiaBeach, BC

August 1997

Environnement 1+1 Environment Canada Canada

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DISCLAIMER

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Environment Canada, British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, and ComincoLtd, sponsored the researchin this report. Environment Canada acknowledges, with thanks, the cooperation assistance provided and to this project by Coopers Lybrand Ltd and Mr Morris Nealeof Britannia Beach.

or The views and opinions expressed by the author not necessarily state do reflect the opinions of the sponsors of the project.
Readers wishingto comment on this report are invited do so before December to

30,1997.
Head Pollution Prevention and Assessment Division Environment Canada 224 West Esplanade North Vancouver, BC

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CANADA

August 29,1997

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PILOT SCALE TESTING THE OF HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS BRITANNIA MINE ACID MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT BRITANNIABEACH,B.C.

August 1997

Prepared By COMINCO ENGINEERING SERVICES LIMITED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY 1636 WEST 75TH AVENUE VANCOUVER, B.C. V6P 662 CANADA

DISTRIBUTION:
Cominco Limited CESL Environment Canada

(2) copies (2) copies (2) copies

Summary
A pilot plant study examining the application of the High Density Sludge (HDS) process at the Britannia Mine, Britannia Beach, British Columbia, has been completed. The purpose of the test work was to assess the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) and develop basic

to operating design parameters for two reagent systems. Specifically the objectives produce

to a sludge under standard HDS conditions and test combustion ash from a nearby pulp and
paper operation as neutralizing agent. This work was done under a cooperative agreement between Environment Canada and Cominco Limited. The technical objectives laid.out ahead of time were used project. Included in these objectives were:
to obtain greater than 12% solids in the clarifier underflow with lime neutralization

to evaluate the success of the

an effluent low in suspended solids and dissolved metals determination the of optimum range oxidation dissolved and pH for of iron metals removal to determine the effects of precipitator catch and top ash on clarifier underflow density as well as the rate of combustion ash consumption establish process design and operating parameters AstandardHDSdesignwasdevelopedandapplied reagents. The acid mine drainage from the in the testing of both lime and ash

4100 portal (lower flume) was the feed source

for all but the last test, where from the2200 adit was used. AMD Usinglimeneutralizationandanaverageretentiontimeofabout
37 minutes in reaction

2 tanks, the process was ableto increase the clarifier underflow sludge density from to 15.9
percent solids and control the metals of concern below discharge limits. Using precipitator to catch and a retention time of about
42 minutes, sludge density reached 38 percent solids

and the effluent met discharge requirements. When top ash was used place of lime with a in 37 minute retention time, sludge density exceeded 41 percent solids and the effluent again met discharge requirements.

Duringthepilotscaletestwork,theHDSpilotplantconsistentlyproducedhighdensity sludge, ranging between

11 and 41 percent solids, depending on the neutralizing reagent

used. Recycle ratios ranged from

2:l to 751. Optimum recycle ratios were not determined 20:l using lime, 4:l with precipitator

however, good results were obtained with a ratio of solids).

catch and 1O:l using top ash (as determined by the ratio of recycled to freshly precipitated

AlthoughlimeHDStreatmenthasbeenextensivelyconfirmed numerousfullscaleoperations,thistestprogramisbelieved application of a waste material as a HDS Process reagent.

in reported test work and to be thefirstsuccessful

Based on the results of the pilot plant tests, a full scale HDS system using lime neutralization should successfully remove the metals of issue from the 4100 portal AMD and also produce achemicallystablesludgeofatleast15%solids.Muchhighersludgedensitiescanbe achieved by using pulp mill combustion ash however the volume of sludge generated also increases. The effluent might also contain toxic combustion ash contaminants which were not assayed for in this test program. The sludge filterability tests showed good filtering characteristics for all three sludge types. The underflow slurries were easy to filter and the filter cakes had relatively low moisture contents for hydroxide sludges. Thiswas highest for lime neutralization (-68 %) and lowest

(-34%). The filter cakes had excellent release characteristics. for neutralization with top ash
Sludge stability tests were not conducted due to budget limitations. It is noteworthy that the sludge solids from the use of lime contain about 4.64% copper and 4.99% zinc. These favourable metal concentrations and the form of the sludge may make it very suitable for disposal with metal recovery in a smelter. In a full scale treatment plant, limeHDSandashHDStreatmentwouldgenerateabout6.3tonnesperdayand42.2 tonnes per day solids based upon a flow of 522 m3/hr, respectively.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION

..............................................................................................................

1.1 THEPROJECT ....................................................................................................................

2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................
2.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 2.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................... 3.0 EXPERIMENTAL OUTLINE

1
7
7

1.2 THE HDS PROCESS ........................................................................................................... 2

8
9
9

.............................................................................................

3.1 TEST PROGRAM .................................................................................................................

3.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION ....................................................................................................... 9

3.3 GENERAL APPROACH .......................................................................................................

4.0 TEST DESCRIPTIONS AND RESULTS

10
17
17

........................................................................

4.1 COMMISSIONING AND NEUTRALIZATION HYDRATED ............................................ WITH LIME

4.2 NEUTRALIZATION PRECIPITATOR CATCH ................................................................... WITH 4.3 NEUTRALIZATION TOPASH....................................................................................... WITH 4.4 OVERALL TEST RESULTS ..................................................................................................

18
20

21
22 24 24 26 27 28
29

4.4.1 Analytical Results ....................................................................................................

............................................................................................... 4.4.2 Acute Lethality Tests

4.4.3 Dioxins and Furans in Woodwaste Ash Ovefflow ....................................................

..................................................................................... 4.4.4 Potential Solids Generation

.................................................................................... 4.4.5 Clarifier Feed Settling Tests
............................................................................................ 4.4.7 Sludge Drainage Tests
4.5 REAGENT REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................

......................................................................................... 27 4.4.6 Sludge Filterability Tests

4.5.1 Air ............................................................................................................................ 4.5.2 Flocculant................................................................................................................ 4.5.3 Lime ........................................................................................................................ 4.5.4 Precipitator Catch and Top ............................................................................... Ash
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

29 30

30

30
31 31

..............................................................

5.1 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................

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Pilot Scale Testing the High Density Sludge of Procrs Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia

1.0
1.1

INTRODUCTION
The Project

To facilitatedevelopmentofasolution

to theBritanniaminedrainageissue,Mr.Robert
in response to a need to treat acid

M'Candless of Environment Canada, North Vancouver,

a mine drainage from the Britannia Mine, solicited proposal for pilot scale testing of the high
densitysludgeprocessfromComincoEngineeringServicesLtd.(CESL)ofVancouver through Cominco Limited. The pilot plant study was jointly funded by Cominco Limited and

of Environment Canada. The test work was carried out under the direction Mr. Waiter Kuit of

Cominco Limited. Its purpose was to determine the applicability of the HDS process with alternative reagent systems. The first phase focused on limeto produce a metal rich sludge while the second examined the use of precipitator catch and top ash from the pulp and paper industry as a neutralizing agent instead of lime. A parallel study of pulp mill ash properties and supplies was funded by Environment Canada and Howe Sound Pulp and Paper Ltd.

Acid mine drainage has been occurring at the Britannia Mine for many years and at present it is being discharged untreated directly into Howe Sound. The pH of the AMD coming from the 4100 portal is approximately 3.2 and the major metal contaminants are zinc at 25 mglL, copper at 20 mglL, aluminum at 32 mglL, iron at 10 mglL and manganese at 6 mglL. With appropriate reagent additions, these metals are routinely treatable using the HDS process. However, due to the low dissolved iron concentration and appreciable aluminum, the sludge density is expected to remain relatively low, in the range of 10 to 15 percent solids. Since sludge disposal is one of the key factors for selecting any treatment process, it is important to consider both the amount and the nature of the sludge that would be produced. Preliminary bench scale testing and sampling had been conducted at various times and by various parties. The purpose of the pilot plant study was to determine a suitable and viable treatment of the AMD from the mine and present some options for sludge disposal. Based

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on CESL's past experience with similar feed types, it was decidedto proceed directly to HDS pilot plant testing rather than conduct bench HDS simulations. scale This report reviews the project objectives, the experimental approach used, experimental results, interpretation, conclusions and recommendations. was The pilot plant commissioned between April 09 and April 12, 1997. Testing began on April 14, 1997 and was completed on May 2, 1997. The individual tests were carried out for a duration of 17 to 49 hours for each major parameter change. An additional test using AMD from the 2200 adit was conducted on June 4 and 5,1997. The testdata,graphsandanalyticalresultsfromtheexperimentsareprovided appendices. in the

1.2

The HDS Process

The effective removal of base metals in a chemically stable form in the HDS process is primarilytheresultoftheformationofco-precipitateswithirononthesurfacesofthe recycled sludge particles. The stability of the precipitates is favourably influenced by a high iron to total iron to total metals ratio in the plant feed. A simple recycle is not sufficient to change metal ratios and, in extreme examples, iron may have to be added. Otherwise, the storage site for the sludge produced must allow for the possibility of longer term instability. In all cases the oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron is the principal oxygen-consuming reaction. However, if air is sparged into the reactor for oxidation, the oxygen transfer may well be controllingthereactionandhencethereactortanksizing.Oxygentransferwillbethe dominant factor in agitator design. Design plant throughput is influenced by the volume of water to be treated. For example, seasonal changes will determine run-off, much of which may have to be treated. Increased flowmaybeaccompaniedbyadilutionofcontaminants,bothacidandmetal,and resultingplantinfluentmayrequirereducedoxidationand/orresidencetime,whichmay compensate for the increased flow. the

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Pilot Scale Testing the High Den8lty Sludge Process of Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia B.C.

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The near-complete precipitation of the metals as hydroxides proceeds accordingto the following reactions:

in the neutralization process

M+*+ S ; O

+ Cat++

2(OH)- H20+ M(OH)2+ a O. , + C S ,HO 6(OH)-+ 6H20+ 2M(OH)$+ 3CaS0,.H20

2M+++ 3(SO,)+ 3Ca+ +

As implied by the equations above, the products of these reactions are metal hydroxide precipitates and calcium sulfate (gypsum). If the sulfate concentration of the wastewater is highenough,therewillbesufficientgypsumproducedtoexceeditssolubilityand the sludge and is partially responsible for the sludges improved chemical stability. it will In fact, precipitate with the sludge. The presence of the gypsum increases the buffering capacity of treated solutions are often supersaturated in gypsum. This High Density Sludge technology is especially beneficialto operations which produce high sulfate from pressure oxidation and biooxidation processes. The main features of the HDS process can be summarized as follows: Lime and recycled sludge are added to the lime-sludge mix tank at the head of the process and this becomes the main neutralization agent. This mixture is discharged to the rapid mix tank where mixed with influent, thereby achieving neutralization. This mixture is fed reactorwhereacombinationofaggressiveaerationandhighshearagitationensures optimum process chemistry and clarifier performance. The discharge from the lime reactor is treated with flocculant in the flocculation tank. The clarifier separates the treated effluent from the sludge, a portion of which is recycled to the head of the process. The HDS process is normally run at a pH between 9.0 and 9.5, as most metals encountered to precipitate ator below this concentration of hydroxide ions. Oxidation of ferrous ferric iron takes place quite rapidly at this pH and oxygen from air is the most common oxidizing agent. There is no reason why other agents cannot
be used for oxidation, although all the plants

it is

to the main lime

built by the authorsso far have used air for oxidation.

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Pilot Scale Testing the High Density Sludge of Process Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia B.C.

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The process itself depends upon sludge recycle from the treated effluent and most plants in this has been achieved in a thickener style clarifier which offers a pumpable sludge as the separatedsolidsproduct.Clearly.recyclefromasettlingpondpresentssomematerial handling problems, as do filter-style clarifiers, but either procedure could be used. Some general comments the on construction materials design and parameters as are follows:

SS Untreated water supply -All pumps in contact with this water should be 316 because of
the acid pH of the water. Any surge tanks should alsobe 316 SS. Pipelines are best in high density polyethylene. The process water flow rates and contaminant levels must be fully known in orderto develop a proper design.

Lime-sludge mix tank

- Thisvesselisnormallymade

of carbon steel since the vessel

contents are at a high pH. The agitator must be able supply adequate mixing powerto the to vessel as the sludge can be quite thick. Rapid mix tank

- This vessel must be made of 316

SS because of the corrosive nature of

9.5. The

the untreated water being put into the tank although normally the pH is around

SS agitator and shaft should be 316 or rubber covered.

Lime reactor

- This tank can be either concrete or mild steel.

In very large tanks concrete

may be preferred because of the high power input requirements of the agitator. The final
of freezing selection is dependent on an economic analysis and whether or not the possibility

exists in the plant. The agitator gear reducer must be of a very heavy duty designto handle the difficult process requirements of keeping solids in suspension, dispersing the air into small bubbles, and contacting the air, water and solids. Designing requirement is also an important factor. for a low maintenance

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Pilot Scale Testing the High Density Sludge Process of Britannla MineAMD Treatment Britannia B.C.

Flocculation l a n k

- This vessel can be concrete or mild steel. The agitation

is gentle to

flocs produced. avoid breaking any of the

Clarifier This vessel can be either steel or concrete. Site objectives and location will form partoftheeconomicevaluationtodeterminewhichmaterialisselected.Therakearms to should be fitted with thixo-posts minimize disturbanceof the sludge bed. The introduction

of the flocculated feed into the clarifier must be gentle avoid breaking up the flocs and the to
clarifier overflow must be properly collected to reduce the problems of freezing where low temperature is a concern.

Sludge disposal

This require may pumping a distance. line over long The

loss

characteristics of the sludge must be known sludge lines can be HDPE or steel. Process control

to properly size the pumps required. Proper

start-up and shut-downof this batch pumping operation are important avoid plugging. The to

- The pH in the rapid

mix tank is the primary parameter used to control

limeaddition to thesludge-limemixtank.Optimumoperationisachievedthroughtimeproportional control of a pinch valve, which taps a small proportion of the slurry circulating in a loop from the lime slurry storage tank. The pH in the lime reactor is monitored and may be used to adjust the set-point of the primary pH control loop based on operating parameters such as feed rate, metals loading, and sludge recycle rate. Flocculant Flocculant may be added at various locations prior to the flocculation tank and in the feed to the clarifier. Flocculant flow is measured prior to dilution and controlledto an operatordeterminedset-point.Anon-linesettlingrateanalyzeriscommerciallyavailable

of and can be usedto determine the settling characteristics the clarifier feed and thus speed
up the establishment of optimum flocculant requirementsaddition to monitoring the effects in onclarifieroverflowturbidity.Monitoringofclarifierunderflowdensityisessential.This parameter combined with sludge recycle flow rate determines recycle mass flow, the control of which is paramount in achieving optimum process performance. Duplication of the sludge

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recyclecircuitwiththeuseofvariable-speedpumpcontrollersandautomaticline-flush sequencing has been found provide good operating flexibility. to Clarifier ovemow turbidity and pH are monitored and can be usedshut down plant feed or to redirect clarifier ovemow in the event that they exceed operational limits. F.inal discharge flowismonitoredandgrabsamples

are takenautomaticallyforanalysisandreporting.

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Fresh water consumption can be reduced through the use of treated water (from clarifier overflow) for lime slaking, flocculant dilution and line flushing. In order to minimize labour costs, various automatic sequences for equipment operation can be included with the use of programmable logic controllers. For example, operation of lime

of slurry from the lime slurry storage tank slakers can be automated based on the draw down
and flocculant preparation can be similarfy controlled. At remote sites where the plant is mainly unattended, an automatic power on-restart sequence (which can restart the plant in the event of a brief power interruption) has been found to be beneficial.

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Pilot Scale Testingof the High Density Sludge Process Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia

2.0
2.1

PROJECTBACKGROUNDANDOBJECTIVES
Background

Acid mine drainage has been occurring at the Britannia Mine for decades. At the present time

of there is no treatment facility and the AMD, containing elevated levels copper, iron, zinc and
other metals, is simply discharged into Howe Sound. Approximately 600 kilograms of copper and zinc alone are released into the sound each day. Due to the toxicity of these metals in to high concentrations, a suitable and economical process is required to neutralize the acid and remove the metals. The sludge that results from the neutralization process must be easy handle. If permanent storageis conducted, it should also be chemically stable. Sludge disposal is an important factor in the selection of an appropriate process.
If it is to be

shipped off site for disposal or processing for metals recovery it must be in a form conduciveto that. At many sites, High Density Sludge plants, both pilot scale and full size operations, have been successfully tested and built by CESL. These plants produce chemically stable sludge

CESL embarked on a pilot scale test program for long term storage as well as a clean effluent.
at the Britannia site confirm that the AMD occurring there could be successfully treated using to the HDS process. Traditionally,neutralization is carriedoutusingsomeform

of lime.However,due

to the

proximity of several pulp mills which produce a highly alkaline boiler combustion produced from the burning of wood waste (eg. Bark, sawdust) and is disposed of locatedateachsite,oftenatsubstantialcost.Usingcombustionash costs.

ash waste,
in landfills

this by-product would be tested as an alternative to lime neutralization. The combustion ash is in theHighDensity

Sludge process could potentially reduce both HDS operating costs and mill waste disposal pulp

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2.2

Project Objectives

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A study was undertaken to demonstrate the viability of the High Density Sludge process for the treatment of acid mine drainage at Britannia Beach, specifically AMD from the portal of the abandoned mine. A secondary objective was
4100

to investigate the possibility of

using pulp mill waste in the HDS process as a competitive alternativeto lime neutralization. AMD from the 2200 portal was tested briefly. Success of the project was based upon a

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f predetermined set o performance guidelines regarding effluent quality and sludge density,
volume and stability. The performance evaluation of the pilot scale testing was based upon the following project goals: obtain greater than neutralization an effluent low suspended solids and dissolved metals determine the optimum pH for oxidation of dissolved iron and metals removal determine the recycle ratio which results in sufficient sludge density and minimal reagent consumption
12 percent solidsthe in clarifier underflow lime with

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on to determine the effectsof precipitator catch and top ash clarifier underflow as
well as the rate of combustion ash consumption establish process design and operating parameters

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3.0
3.1

EXPERIMENTAL OUTLINE
Test Program

Based on CESL's previous experience, the HDS process was expected achieve a sludge to

30 density of 10 to 15 percent solids with lime neutralization and at least percent solids using
combustion ash. Other objectives were to obtain the necessary design parameters such as flowrates,recycleratios,reagentconsumptionandaerationrequirementstoallowthe project to continue to the preliminary design phase. Preliminary operating parameters were selected based upon previous experience with similar effluent treatment projects. The test work was designed to confirm the HDS process under standard and modified conditions. The main indicators used during the tests to evaluate treatment efficiency were the solids density (or specific gravity) of the sludge generated and the of the effluent. quality

3.2

Sample Preparation

AMD feed was obtained from the4100 portal by means of a sump pump which was used to
fill a 500 litre feed tank as needed. The temperature of the AMD ranged from 12 to 16

degrees Celsius. The feed was brownish-orange in colour and the pH was between 2.7 and

3.6. The lime used was industrial grade calcium hydroxide and it was prepared at 15% w/v
initially and at 10 percent for Tests BMHDS-2 and 3. The precipitator catch and top ash

of came from Howe Sound Pulp and Paper Port Mellon, B.C. The precipitator catch was dry
and used as received. Its particle size is typically 25-75% minus 200 mesh (75 pm). The top ash sample was screened with a 20 mesh (850 pm) sieve at Chemex Labs Ltd. of North Vancouver.Theoversizematerialwasrotaryplatepulverizedtopassthroughthesame sieve and the two portions were then combined.

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3.3

General Approach
to run in the standard HDS configuration shown in Figure

The pilot plant was set up sludgeinventoryand

3.1

below. The initial commissioning stage lasted

71 hours and the purpose was

to generate

to conditionanddensifythemetalhydroxidesludge.Theretention

time in each tank is dependent upon the flow rate and sludge recycle rate and was vaned between tests as different conditions were tested.

LIME'

AIR

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LIME *I SLUDGE MIX TANK

* m h CornmiL wed

I Tells BMHDS.1 lo 3 M P~CdCnwadhTHUBMHDS4107 Top Ash wad h TeNs BMHDS-3 M 10

RECYCLE SLUDGE

Figure 3.1 -Standard HDS

PURGE SLUDGE

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Pilot Scale Testing the High Density Sludge Process of Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia B.C.

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All tests wererun continuously for a duration of 17 to 48 hours. The process was shut down for 48 hours every5 days as well as after each phase of testing (lime, precipitator catch and top ash) to allow for sludge and slurry removal and cleaning. Due to time constraints and practicallimitations,duringeachphaseoftestingtheconditionswerechangedwithout purging the sludge from the clarifier. This allowed for continuous operation without major upsets in the plant operation.

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CommissioningandTestsBMHDS-1

to BMHDSS were runusinglimeaddition.Tests

BMHDS-4 to BMHDSJ operated with precipitator catch and Tests BMHDS-8 BMHDS-10 to used top ash. The principal reactors were vigorously agitated and aerated at approximately
6 litreslminute. The feed for commissioning and the above tests was acid mine drainage

from the 4100 portal of the Britannia Mine. Test BMHDS-11 used AMD from the 2200 adit.

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The flocculant used for the pilot study was Allied Colloids Percol E-IO.

It was added as a

0.025% solution during commissioning and Test BMHDS-1 and as a 0.0125% solution forall

0.05%. other tests, except BMHDS-11, where the concentration was

Commissioning

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The first four days of testing consisted of assembling and commissioning the pilot plant and verifyingthebasicprocess.Threefulldaysofoperationwerenecessary to producean adequate sludge volume at a density sufficient for recycle. There was no underflow recycle for the first 38 hours of operation due to the limited sludge volume and the low sludge density. commissioning The stage fairly due was slow to the relatively metals low concentration in the feed. The recycle ratio used during the latter stage of commissioning ranged from 251 to 351. The sludge density increased to 10 percent solids after 71 hours of continuous operation. Based upon past experience and visual observations during the commissioning of the pilot plant, it was decided that the initial residence time of approximately 30 minutes provided

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5% adequate time for oxidation once the reaction vessels had approximately solids loading.

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Test BMHDS-1

Standard HDS DH 9.5. Moderate Recvcle

Once the solids generation and rate underflow sludge density determined, were an appropriate recycle ratio was chosen. For this test, which lasted 48 hours, the underflow recycle ratio averaged 34:l and ranged from 28:l to 46:l. Hydrated lime at 15% solids was used for neutralization pH 9.5. to Once base-line operation established sufficient plant was and sludge inventory was obtained, the clarifier underflow sludge was monitored to determine the increase in sludge density as the thixotrophic sludge converted to high density sludge. The percent solids of the underflow was determined approximately every 8 hours. Feed and clarifier overflow samples were collected for analyses after hours, 31 hours and 21 48 hours of operation. The rate of solids settling in the clarifier feed was measured several times during the test to produce settling curves.

Test BMHDS-2

Standard HDS DH 9.5. HiahRecvcle

For this test, which lasted 48 hours, the recycle ratio was increased by reducing the feed rate and increasing the underflow recycle rate. The average recycle ratio was pH 9.5. Thepercentsolidsoftheunderflowwasdeterminedapproximatelyevery 8 hoursand 59:l and it ranged between 53:l and 74:l. Hydrated lime at 10% solids was used for neutralization to

samples of the feed and clarifier overflow were collected for analyses every 12 hours. The underflow percent solids was determined and several solids generation and settling tests were also doneto assess overall test performance under the selected conditions.

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Test BMHDS-3

Standard HDS DH 9.5, Low Recvcle

For this final test using lime neutralization, the recycle ratio was decreased by reducing the recycle to about one-third of the previous rate. The recycle ratio ranged from The duration of the test was 23 hours. Once again, percent the solids the of underflow determined a was on regular basis. Samples of the feed and clarifier overflow were collected for analyses after 13 and 23 hours ofoperation. As well,theunderflowpercentsolidswasdeterminedandseveralsolids to generation and settling tests were also doneassess performance. Test BMHDS4 Modified HDS (Precidtator Catch) DH 8.5 21:l to 23:l.

The sludge and slurry were emptied from the reactors and the lime slurry was replaced with to precipitator catch at 42% w/v solids. The operating pH was reduced 8.5 and the feed rate was decreased by approximately 20 percent. The longer retention time was necessary oxidizetheincreasedmetalsintroducedintheprecipitatorcatch.Therecycleratiowas much lower since the solids generation rate was about eight times higher than with lime neutralization. Solution samples were collected analysis 35 for at and
48 hours. Clarifier and feed

to

underflow samples were also taken throughout the run for various tests. Test BMHDS-5 Modified HDS (Precidtator Catch)

- DH 9.0

The conditions and procedures for this test were similar to those for the previous one, with
to the pH in the second reactor increased 9.0.The test was run for 30 hours.

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Test BMHDS-6

Modified HDS (Precipitator Catch)

- pH 9.5

The conditions and procedures for this test were similar those for the previoustwo tests, to
9.5. 18 with the pH in the second reactor increased to The test was run for hours.

Test BMHDS-7

Modified HDS (Precipitator Catch)

- pH 8.0

in this test, the feed rate was increased and the recycle rate was decreased to determine the

on effects of a shorter residence time and a lower sludge recycle ratio effluent quality. The
to 8 17 pH in the second reactor was decreased and the test ran for hours.

Test BMHDS-8

Modified HDS (TopAsh)

- pH 9.0
the

Prior to starting this test, the sludge and slurry were emptied from the reactors and set at 9.0 and the feed and recycle rates were adjusted for a retention time of about minutes. The test was run for hours. 25 Test BMHDS-9 Modified HDS (Top Ash)

39% w/v solids. The operating pH was precipitator catchslurry was replaced with top ash at 38

- pH 8.5

The conditions and procedures for this test were similar to those for the previous one, with
24 the pH in the second reactor decreased 8.5. The test duration was hours. to

Test BMHDS-10

Modified HDS(TOD Ash)

- DH 8.0
to keep the in the second reactor was

In this test, the feed rate was increased and the recycle rate was decreased recycle ratio similar to that in the previous two tests. The pH 24 decreased to 8 and the test ran for hours.

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Test BMHDS-11 The conditions

Standard HDS

- DH 9.5
2200 adit, which has higher

for test similarthose Test this were to for BMHDS-3, where lime

neutralization was used. The feed source was AMD from the of 13 hours over2 days.
3.4

4100 metal concentrations than the AMD collected from the adit. The test was run for a total

Analytical Work

Sampleswerecollectedfromboththeclarifieroverflowandthefeedtankseveraltimes during each test and bottled for analyses. One set of samples was filtered through a scan atEnvironmentCanadasPacificEnvironmentalScienceCentre(PESC)inNorth Vancouver,B.C. Aduplicatesetofsamples,unfiltered,wastreatedwithnitricacidand submitted for total metals ICP analysis at the same laboratory. Additional samples clarifier overflow (unfiltered, untreated) were sent also determination, anions, and acute lethality tests. In addition to the solution samples mentioned above, a dried sludge sample from each test was submitted to an assay laboratory for an ICP scan, whole rock analysis and, withsomeanalysesperformedbyComincosERLlaboratory Labs of North Vancouver. Process Monitoring The process work sheets providedin Appendix A were normally completed every two hours. All process irregularities were also noted in the project data book. The clarifier feed was sampled periodically for specific gravity measurement, percent solids determination and rate of settling. clarifier The underflow also was sampled regularly specific for gravity in some cases, individual metal assays. The majority of the work was done by Environment Canada, inVancouverandChemex
0.45

micron membrane filter, preserved with nitric acid and submitted for a dissolved metals ICP

of the

to PESC suspended for solids

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determinations to evaluate the progress of the HDS process. A sample of sludge from each phase of testing was collected for filterability and long-term settling tests. Solids generation tests were done on the pilot plant feed using the appropriate neutralizing reagent for each test. An 80 litre sample of effluent was collected near the end of each phase of testing an Acute Lethality Test using rainbow trout. for

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4.0

TESTDESCRIPTIONS AND RESULTS

This section provides detailed descriptions of the test work performed and the results of that work. The data for individual tests are provided Appendix A and the results can be found in in the additional appendices.
4.1

Commissioning and Neutralization with Hydrated Lime

The commissioning of the pilot plant occurred over a three day period using feed from the 4100 portal of the Britannia Mine. This was collected a 500 litre tank by turning on a sump in pump in the drainage line as needed. The primary reason for the extended commissioning to period wasto allow for sufficient solids to build up in the clarifier and condition the sludge. This required a relatively long period due

to the low metalscontentoftheAMD.During

in thetworeactors

commissioning it was decided that a 30 to 40 minute retention time would be sufficient time foroxidationandmetalsprecipitation.Theaerationrateused

was

determined from previous test work, approximately litreslminute air for all tests. 5.7
150 The hydrated lime slurry was prepared at g/L for commissioning and TestBMHDS-I and

reduced to 100 glL for the remaining tests. The lime strength was decreased

to allow for

better pH control. Flocculant scoping tests indicated that Allied Colloids Percol 156, 727 and
E l 0 performed equally. For all tests in the HDS treatment program Percol E-IO was used,

the concentration ranging between and 0.125

0.250 glL. test The conditions for

commissioning and the first three tests are summarized below. Table 4.1.1 -Test Conditions, Standard HDS (Lime Neutralization)

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Initially the sludge generated was greenish-white in colour but over time

it became more

brown in colour. This darker brown colour was due to the oxidation of ferrous iron. The first half of commissioning was without underflow recycle due The pH was increased to 9.5 for the first to an insufficient sludge volume.

3 tests because early

ICP results showed that

to meetdischarge

manganeseandzincwerenotbeingprecipitatedsufficientlyenough

limits.Theunderflowdensityincreasedsteadilyduringthetests.Theresultsofthese individual tests are summarizedin graph form in Appendix 6. Lime consumption vaned with the recycle rate and flocculant consumption increased as the amount of solids in the system built up. The effluent was clear however some very fine suspended solids were present in all tests. Reducing the clarifier rake speed helped alleviate this problem however at times negatively effected underflow the density. important The parameters results and are summarized in the table below. Detailed data for each test are provided in Appendix A.. Table 4.1.2 -Test Summary, Standard HDS (Lime Neutralization) it

4.2

Neutralization with PrecipitatorCatch

The next phase of testing used precipitator catch in place of lime as the neutralizing reagent. The theory was that the pulp mill waste could be used to reduce reagent costs HDS plant for operation as well as diminish the waste disposal problem. Wlth the high concentration of some metals, specifically copper zinc, and in combustion the the ash, possibility of

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recovering these metals from the high density sludge was considered. Four tests were also run using precipitator catch collected from Howe Sound Pulp and Paper. The conditions for the four tests are summarized in the following table. Table 4.2.1 -Test Conditions, Modified HDS (Precipitator CatchNeutralization)

The sludge and slurry from the previous tests were removed before beginning this phase of testing. solids The generation using rate precipitator compared was catch to lime approximately eight times higher, therefore the recycle ratios in these tests were much lower whensimilarrecycleflowratesarecompared.Thesolidsdensityincreasedmuchmore quickly than during commissioning due to the higher solids generation rate. It can be seen from the summary table below that precipitator catch consumption was at least higher lime than consumption under similar conditions. Flocculant consumption was generally lower because it was apparent that increasing the amount of flocculant added did not improve overflow clarity. Fine, light-coloured suspended solids were present in all tests along with larger, black solids. Table 4.2.2 -Test Summary, Modified HDS (Precipitator Catch Neutralization) ten times

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The underflow density increased from Test BMHDS-4

to BMHDS-6 and decreased slightly

during the last test because the recycle rate was greatly reducedto lower the recycle ratio.

easily. A low operating The resulting sludge from these tests was black in colour and filtered
pH and a high sludge recycle will minimize precipitator catch consumption and the rate sludge production.
4.3
of

Neutralization with Top Ash

The next three tests used top ash instead of precipitator catch as the neutralizing reagent. The reactors were emptied prior
to starting Test BMHDS-8 so the initial underflow density

was low, although it increased rapidly due to the high metals content of the top ash. The recycle ratio was maintained around 1O:l once sufficient solids were present in the clarifier. The conditions for each test were similar. as noted below. Table 4.3.1 -Test Conditions, Modified HDS (Top Ash Neutralization)

I
I I I I I I I I
The top ash sample had a higher neutralizing potential than the precipitator catch and this was reflected in the lower top ash consumption when similar tests (4 and 9, 5 and 8) were compared.Sincethetopashhad catch,metalsremovalwaspoorer the effluent. Underflow density exceeded a lowertotalmetals
to iron ratio than the precipitator

in theselasttests.Suspendedsolids
40% yetslurry easy the was

intheclarifier to filter.

overflow appeared higher and this observation was confirmed by higher total metals levels in

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Table 4.3.2 -Test Summary, Modified HDS ( l o p Ash Neutralization)

4.4

Overall Test Results

The data for all the tests have been evaluated on a more global basis to examine any trends that may be present. The metals of concern were precipitated to acceptable levels at pH 9.0 and 9.5 using lime, precipitator catch and top ash as neutralizing agents. all of the tests a In densified sludge was obtained. Figure
4.4.1 below shows the relationship between clarifier
of undertlow specific gravity and percent solids for the three phasestesting. Although this is

aknownrelationship,thegraphprovidesausefulconversionchartasspecificgravity much simpler and quicker to measure than percent solids. Graphs of specific gravity over

is

B. time for each test are provided in Appendix

I I I

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Clatifhr Unkrflow Pomnt Solids VI. Swcific Gnvily

~

45

35 - -

EMHDS4 to 7

BMHDS-8 to 10

1.07 1.12 1.09

1.17

1.26

1.29

1.19

1.29

1.32

S W a Gravity

Figure 4.4.1 The underflow solids density increased slowly during the first three tests and that it wouldhaveexceeded wouldoccurasthelowdensitysludge it is possible

16 percentsolidshadTestBMHDS-3beenextended.This

is purgedfromthesystemwithtime,theoverall

percentsolidstherebyincreasing.Theclarifierunderflowpercentsolidsversusspecific gravity curves for Tests BMHDS-4 to 7 (Precipitator Catch) and BMHDS-8 to 10 (Top Ash) appeared to beleveling off at39%and
41% respectively,andwereprobablyclose

to

maximum under the specific conditions. Increasing the underflow recycle rate would not expected to improve solids the densities significantly. Additional on clarifier tests the underflowsludge(Section
4.4.6 below)indicatedthat

be

it willdewaterandfurtherdensify

under conditions that permit free draining.

4.4.1

Analytical Results

Table 4.4.1 below provides a partial summary of the analytical results for the major metals present in theBritannia 4100 aditAMD.Samplesoffeed,clarifieroverflowandclarifier underflow were collected several times during most tests and at the end solution samples submitted were for Environment analysis at Canada's Pacific Environmental Science Centre (PESC) in North Vancouver, B.C. The sludge samples were analyzed at three laboratories in the Vancouver area. The detailed results are provided Appendix C. in

of each test. All

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Table 4.4.1.1 Partial summary o Analytical Data (as reported byPESC) f

NIA = NotAnalyzed

T.S.S.

= Total Suspended Solids

Table 4.4.2 below summarizes the permissible levels of several metals as outlined in the

11, Vol.lll, Metal Mining Liquid Effluent Regulations of the Fisheries Act (Canada Gazette Part
No. 5). Table 4.4.1.2

- Schedule 1, Part 1 -Authorized Levels of Substances

I
I I

The above tables show that the metals of primary concern, (copper and zinc) have been removed to below discharge requirements. The method detection limit for lead
(0.5 mglL)

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Page 24

was higher the than discharge requirement

(0.2 mglL). manganese The concentration

in started to increase as the operating pH was decreasedthe last reactor(i.e. below pH 9.0).

I I I I I I I I

The test results indicate the importance of the final HDS effluent pH removing the metals in of concern to acceptable levels. This information dischargelimitsbechanged

is usefulshouldregulations

for effluent
in both

in thefuture.Generally,the

testsusingthethreedifferent

neutralizingagentsandthetwofeedtypesproducedhighqualityeffluentslow dissolved metals and suspended solids. 4.4.2AcuteLethalityTests

Approximately 80 litres of effluent was collected near the end of each phase testing for an of Acute Lethality using Test rainbow The were trout. tests conducted Environment at Canada's Aquatic Toxicology Section in North Vancouver. Effluent collected from both Test BMHDS-3 (lime neutralization) and Test BMHDS-10 (top ash neutralization) was non-lethal
to rainbow at trout 100 percent concentration. Effluent collected Test from BMHDS-7

(precipitator catch neutralization) showed toxicity with 5/10 fish mortalities after 96 hours at

100 percent concentration however there were no fish deaths at a concentration of 56%. The
test results are provided Appendix D. in 4.4.3 Dioxins and Furans in Woodwaste Ash Overtlow

I I I I
I I

Environment Canada performed analyses on the clarifier overtlow and provided the following results and interpretation. The woodwaste ash used as a neutralizing agent came from a pulp mill wheresomeofthewoodwastehadbeensaturatedwithsalt(marine)waters. Combustion of such waste ("salty hog") may create the toxic compounds known as dioxins and furans. Consequently the clarifier ovemow was sampled twice for trace concentrations of these compounds. Significant levels were found as shown below. Note that the same

in samples were non-toxic to rainbow trout. Complete test results are Appendix D.

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Dioxins (2,3,7,8-TCDD, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin)

Date Sampled

Effluent Conc. (pglL)

Detection

I1 April 25,1997 April 30, 1997 same 10 same

Spiked Matrix (PglL) Limit(pg/L) DetermJExpected 17/18 1.5

Furans (2,3,7,8-TCDF, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran)

Date Sampled Spiked Matrix Detection Conc. (pglL) (PglL) Limit (pglL) Determ./Expected I .5 130 19/18 I00 same same Effluent

April 25, 1997 April 30, 1997

in Toxic Eauivalents (combining all dioxin-like compounds the sample)

I Date Sampled I

TEQ

April 30, 1997

67.4

The 1992 Pulp and Paper Mill fluent Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans Regulations under thefederalFisheriesActprohibiteffluentfrompulpmillsusingchlorinebleachingfrom having, ... any measurable concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, or measurable concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDF. Present regulatory requirements set measurable concentrations as greater than 15 pg/L for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 50 pg/L for 2.3.7.8-TCDF. These limits apply the very to large flows discharged from pulp mills, and not necessarily to treated leachate from landfills presentlyreceivingwoodwasteash.Acomparison potential mass loading to the environment
of treated drainageflowsfromthe

Britanniamine,andthemuchlargereffluentflowsfromapulpmill,mayshowthatthe

of dioxinsandfurans,

if present,maynotbe

significant,buttheenvironmentalimpactoftreatingBritanniaminedrainagewithsaltcontaminated woodwaste ash requires careful consideration and assessment.

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4.4.4

PotentialSolidsGeneration

An important parameter in the design of a full size

HDS plant will be the potential solids

generation value. This value dictates the rate of solids generated by the plant feed which will impact on aeration and disposal requirements as well as the clarifier underflow recycle rate. Theaveragesolidsgenerationforlimeneutralizationwas densification however aeration requirements would minimal. be generation significantly. An
0.47 kglm'.The

relatively.low

metals concentration of the 4100 portal AMD would require a high recycle ratio for solids As the below table indicates, using precipitator catch or top ash instead of lime increased the average solids

HDS system using either

of these mill pulp byproducts is

expected to require a longer residence time to fully utilize their neutralization potential. Table 4.4.4.1 Potential Solids Generation
Consumption (kg/m3) at pH:
8.0 8.5

Sludge Characleristics Solids Generation (kg/m3) at pH:

8.5

Neutralizing Reagent

9.0

9.5

Generation Rate 9.5 9.0

S.G. Generation Rate % Solids (kgR) (wet tonneslyr.) (dry 14,377 2,286 15.9 1.115 37.9 1.291 38.7 1.323

n/a 0.35 0.33 n/a n/a Lime 0.50 0.47 Prec. Catch

3.37 3.54 3.68 9.06 7.40 42,710 2.29' 5.34 16,187 nla 3.74 3.65 n/a 5.37 3.6544,191 Top Ash 2.75 17,102

Notes: n/a= not available Calculations are based on an average flow rateof 522 m3/hr. AMD Consumption is low due to the recyclehigh pH sludge from the previous (BMHDS-6. pH 9.5). of test Tests with lime at pH 9.09.5 resultedin a very clean final effluent. 8 Tests with precipitator catch at 8.0 resulted in pH 0.07 mg/L Cu and 0.66 mgR Zn in the final effluent. Tests with precipitator catchpH 9.0 8 9.5 resulted in a belter quality effluent. at

It should be noted that at pH 9.0 the consumption of precipitator catch was 22 times higher than lime and top ash consumption was16 times higher than lime consumption. The yearly sludge generation using combustion ash willbe approximately 43,450 tonnes at an average compared to of 38.2% solids
14,400 tonnes at 15.9% solids using lime. sludge The

generated using combustion ashis approximately 3 times greater than with lime. Therefore,

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for the purpose of sludge disposal, neutralization with combustion ash would require a larger area than that needed for standard HDS neutralization with lime.

4.4.5 Clarifier Feed Settling Tests

Samples of the feed to the clarifier were collected regularly settling tests. Settling curves for can be found in Appendix settledsludgerangedfrom

E. For all tests, initial solids settling was rapid, however overflow
9 to 12 percentafter
2 hours whenlimewasused.The

clarity was variable and appeared worsen as thepH was lowered. The pulp density of the to supernatant from these tests was normally clear of suspended solids within suspended solids visible in the supernatant for up
10 minutes.

Using precipitator catch, the settled sludge pulp density ranged from 18 to 26 percent with to one hour. Pulp density was higher when neutralization was done with top ash, ranging from 24 to 39 percent. This last value appears unusually high and

may indicate that the residue was not completely dry before
24 to 31 percent solids. A clear

being weighed. Omitting this number, the range would be

overflow free of suspended solids required a settling time between these tests. The clarifier volume was small relative to the flows used with little or no suspended solids. The clarifier feed ranged from during the test program.
4.4.6

30 and 120 minutes for

in testing and it is
1.1 to 4.7 percent solids

expected that a residence time more typical of operating plants would result in an overflow

SludgeFilterabilityTests

Table 4.4.6.1 below compares the filtering rate and moisture content of sludge produced from using three tests the neutralizing agents. Filtering indicated moisture tests that retention in the filter cake from lime neutralization Test BMHDS-3 was about
50 percent

higher than in Test BMHDS-7 (precipitator catch) and double that of a composite sludge sample from Tests8 to 10 using top ash. The filtering rate (dry tonnes/m3/hr) for precipitator

6.6 catch was approximately50 percent higher than top ash and times higher when lime was
used. In all tests there was good release of the filter cake from the filter cloth and no cake

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crackingoccurredduringthedryingcycle.Thedetailedfilteringresultsarepresentedin Appendix F.

Table 4.4.6.1 Clarifier Underflow Sludge Filtering Tests

Test BMHDS-3 Neutralizing Agent Hydrated Lime

Rate
tonnes/m3/hr) 0.58

Cake Moisture (%)

69.0

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BMHDS-7 BMHDS-8,9810

Ash

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Precipitator Catch Top

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3.82 2.47

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46.7 34.6

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4.4.7SludgeDrainageTests The sludge generated using each type of neutralizing agent was further tested to determine whether or not it would dewaterif disposed of in a freedraining containment area. The table below shows that dewatering occurred with each sludge type, with increase percent solids in mostsignificantwiththelime-generatedsludge.Moredetailedtestresultsandagraph (Figure4.3.5)comparingleachatevolumecollectionovertimeforthethreesamplesis provided in Appendix F.

Table 4.4.7.1 Clarifier Underflow Sludge Drainage Tests

Neutralizing Agent Hydrated Lime Sludge S.G. 26.0 1.135 18.1 46.8 41.3 1.332 48.6
% Solids

Final % Solids Initial

Precipitator Catch Top Ash

36.1

1.289

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4.5
4.5.1 Air

Reagent Requirements

is The basic mechanism for oxidation of ferrous to its ferric state as follows: iron
Fe '* + 1 / 4 0 2 + H++ Fe3' + 1nH,0, and Fe3' + 3H20+ Fe(OH), + 3H' Theefficiency(orrate)withwhichtheoxidationreactionstakeplaceareverymuch dependentuponthe
pH oftheAMDbeingtreated.

It should be notedthattheabove

reactions combined are acid generating, hence the importance of the presence of ferric iron

for overall long-term sludge stability. When the pH is greater thanthe oxidation rate fast 8, is
for enough that it is not necessaryto maintain oxygen saturation the reactionsto take place.
8, At a pH lower than a much higher dissolved oxygen level is required.

20 For a pH above8 , the efficiency of oxygen transfer is about percent. For each Igram of
ferrous iron present, approximately grams of air or about0.003 m3 at standard conditions 3.5 is required for complete oxidation. these Using numbers,estimated the aeration requirement for the Britannia AMD (based on mean data from 1996) would be as follows:
AMD Source Mean Discharge

Fez+

Air Requirement

2200 adit
4100 adit
2200+4100

I
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(m3/hr)

108
414 522

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(mg/L)

29

5.8

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I (kg/hr) I (Std.m3/hr) I (SCFM)

3.132 2.40

11.0 8.4 19.4

6.4 4.9 11.3

10.6

5.53

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4.5.2 Flocculant The flocculant used during the pilot-scale testing was Allied Colloids Percol E-IO. Flocculant consumptionforafull-scaleplant wasbetween 1 and2mg/L

is verydifficult to calculatefromthepilotplantdata.
for mosttests.Pastexperiencehasshownthatflocculant

Average flocculant consumption ranged between 0.7 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L during testing and consumption at the pilot-scale level is usually significantly higher than for a full-scale plant. 4.5.3 Lime Lime consumption in the HDS process using the 4100 portal AMD and a 41 minute retention timeatpH9.5withanunderflowrecycleratioofapproximately 23:l isexpected to be approximately0.4kg/m3basedonthetestsconductedhere.Limeconsumptioncanbe decreasedbyincreasingtheclarifierunderflowrecyclerateandperhapsbyprovidinga longer retention time in the HDS circuit, thus giving the lime more time the operating pH would

to react. Lowering

also reduce lime consumption although metals effluent

to theslowreactivityoflime,

concentrations would be expected to rise. Typically, the HDS process produces a reduction inlimeconsumptionoverstraightlimeneutralizationdue therefore some unreacted lime reports back sludge. 4.5.4 Precipitator Catch and Top Ash Precipitatorcatchconsumptionrangedfrom2.3kg/m3to9.1kg/m3dependinguponthe operating pH and the recycle ratio. Top ash consumption was between 2.8 kg/m3 and 5.4 kg/m3.Becausefeedandrecycleratesaswellasoperating pH were different for many tests, it is difficult to compare the consumption rates for a particular set of conditions. An operating pH of at least 9 and a recycle ratio of at least 8:l would probably be required for sufficient metals removal.

to the lime/sludge mix tank with the recycled

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5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

51

Conclusions

All project objectives defined in the test proposal were met for the treatment of the Britannia AMD collected from the 4100 portal and neutralized with lime and combustion ash HDS process. Specifically, these were as follows: Clarifier underflow were solids consistently greater 12 thanpercent lime using in the

30 neutralization and greater than percent using combustion ash

Analytical results indicated that all metals of concern were precipitated from solution to below regulation requirements with a pH of at 9.0 least

A clean overflow, lowin suspended solids was obtained

26, Free-drained sludge densities of 47 and 49 percent solids were achieved using lime,
precipitator catch and top ash neutralization respectively Recycle ratios at of least neutralization are indicated It has been demonstrated that the HDS process can be applied successfully portalAMDdespiteitslowiron
to the 4100

20:l forlimeneutralizationand

8:l for combustion ash

to totalmetalsratio.Neutralizationcanbeaccomplished
CESL experience

using hydrated lime or pulp mill combustion ash. The effluent from the HDS pilot plant had reasonable clarity and was low in dissolved metals. Based on extensive with pilot and full scale plants, is expected that an operating plant will achieve significantly it better clarity. Higher than normal suspended solids resulted in elevated total metals in some tests where the operating pH was low. The test work undertaken for the pilot plant study showed that all of the dissolved metals of interest were precipitated to below requirement limits at the higher end of the operating pH range. The HDS process also produced an effluent low and lime neutralization. in metals using feed from the 2100 portal

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Recommendations 5.2
Based upon the results of this test program, the following recommendations can be made to Environment Canada regarding the abandoned Britannia mine. Furthertestingofcombustionashasalimereplacementshouldbeundertaken investigate: the potential of toxins in the ash (dioxins, for example) being introduced into the HDS effluent the long-term stability of the sludge (SWEP or TCLP Testing) optimumoperatingconditions
to

2200 adit AMD and an AMD mi) dure that wrould Additional testing should be done on the
to be representative of the water be treated by an on-site neutralization plant

A feasibility study should be conducted to determine the costs and benefits of an HDS treatment plant using lime, combustion ash or a combination of lime and combustion ash Sludge disposal options should be evaluated. For the lime underground in the mine should be considered.
HDS sludge, these should

include smelter processing with metals recovery and, for the ash HDS sludge, disposal

Sincerely, Cominco Engineering Services Ltd.

Sohan S. Basra

APPENDIX A HDS PROCESS WORKSHEETS

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT

Date & Time Cumu Hour!

0 9/04/978:00 1340 1 9:oo 1440 1l:OO 3 1440 13:OO 5 1420 15:OO 7 1440 17:OO 9 1450 19:oo 11 1440 21:OO 13 1430 23:OO 15 1425 17 0/04/97 1:00 1460 3O : O 19 1450 5:OO 21 1440 7O : O 23 1460 9:00 25 1420 1l:OO 27 1400 13:OO 29 1420 1500 31 1440 33 17:OO 1400 19:oo 35 1510 37 21:oo 1490 23:OO 39 1470 1/04/97 1O : O 41 1470 3:OO 43 1465 3 0 0 45 1460 7:OO 47 1470 9:oo 49 1460 11:OO 51 1460 13:OO 53 1470 1500 55 1470 17:OO 57 1450 19:oo 59 1490 21:OO 61 1460 23:OO 63 1470 65 2/04/97 1:00 1460 3O : O 67 1460 5 0 0 69 1560 7O : O 71

- qiii linute) - - - -I-Lime Flow F - - - :lar.UF ilar. UIF Ratio onsump- teactol lar. Off b solidi S.G. Floc Xar. Uff Feed #I #2 L Pn - - - - - - (0.0 ) - 9.0 9.0 0 1360 2.0
1.25
RGCyCk

Table I :Test BYHDS-Commissioning

2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.5

0 0
0 140 140 140 138 138 137 137 137 137 158 158 194 196 196 194 194 195 196 195 195 196 196 192 196 197 197 226 225 225 227 224 246 244

-- -1449 mUMin 185 mUMin pH 25.8 : 1 Reactor in pH 9.0 31.8 Minutes pH 0.50 kgIm3 Rate: Aeration Reactor 0.328 kglm3 Temperature: Reactor 0.78 mg/L

5.5 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 6.0 5.0 4.8 6.5 6.8 6.8

0.2 0.7 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.3

6.7
1.036 1.044 1.047 1.049 1.048 1.043 1.044 1.041 1.047 1.045 1.055 1.058 1.063 1.063 1.067 1.047 1.064 7.2 7.8 8.0 8.3 8.8 9.2 9.8 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.3 12.8 13.1 13.5

10.1

30.5 : I

- -3.3 8.9 9.0 5.7 UMin 13 "C

8.4 9.0 9.5 9.4 9.2 8.8 8.8 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.4 8.7 8.1 8.8 8.7 8.9 8.5 8.7 9.1 8.9 8.5 9.2 8.7 8.4 9.3 8.9 8.6 9.4 8.7 9.2 8.8 8.9

9.4 9.0 9.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.9 9.1 9.0 8.8 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.5 9.0 8.8 9.2 8.9 8.8 8.9 9.1 8.9 9.0 9.1 8.8 9.0 9.2 8.9 9.1 9.0 8.9 9.1 9.2

9.5

9.0 8.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.0

pH: Feed Feed Rate: Reactor Clarifier UIF Recycle Rate:in Average Recycle Ratio: Clarifier in Retention Time: O/F: Solids Generation Rate: Lime Consumption Rate: Flocculant Consumption Rate:

1: 2:

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT

Table 2 :Test BMHDS-I

Date &Time Cumu Hour:
14/04/97 8:OO 0 9:oo 1 11:oo 3 13:OO 5 1500 7 17:OO 9 19:oo 11 21:OO 13 23:OO 15 15/04/97 1:OO 17 3O : O 19 5O : O 21 7O : O 23 9:00 25 11:OO 27 13:OO 29 1500 31 17:OO 33 19:oo 35 21:oo 37 23:OO 39 16/04/97 1:00 41 3O : O 43 5:OO 45 7O : O 47 8O : O 48

Flow R - qiii Feed Floc 1.25 plL -1380 1360 1320 1390 1360 1380 1380 1400 1390 1380 1380 1360 1360 1360 1380 1380 1360 1370 1370 1360 1380 1370 1360 1360 1360 6.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.6 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 8.4 8.5 9.4 8.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 7.8 7.8 8.0 9.2

- S.G. b Solid: Ratio ionsump ,Jar.OIF 7eactor :lar. UIF #I #2 Recycle ( ) - - L - - - - 0.0 8.2 8.5 9.1
[inute)
I

- -- Lime :Isr.U/F lar. UR Recycle

1.055 1.067 1.066 1.069 1.072 1.072 1.073 1.074 1.080 1.069 1.078 1.079 1.080 1.086 1.085 1.085 1.086
1.084 1.088 1.087 1.091 1.091 1.098 1.093 1.096

--

12.5 45.7 :I - - -- - - - -

246 I85 185 185 185 186 185 184 I85 I85 184 185 186 185 184 186 186 I85 I85 184 I84 184 184 I84 184

10.1

27.5 : I

10.8

30.2 : I

10.3

37.9 : I

10.7

39.0 : I

11.6

42.4 : I

0.1 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.8 8.3 8.7 9.2 9.3

9.5 9.5 9.7 9.4 9.6 9.5 9.8 9.5 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.8 9.3 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.8 9.9 9.4 9.6 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.3 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.4 9.5 9.8 9.7 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 L 9.5

9.2 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.6 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.5

Test Summary

Feed Rate:pH: Feed Reactor Clarifier UIF Recycle Rate: in Average Recycle Ratio: Retention Time: Clarifier in Solids Generation Rate: Lime Consumption Rate: Flocculant Consumption Rate:

1370 mUMin 187 mUMin pH 9.5 33.7 : 1 Reactor in pH 9.6 33.4 Minutes pH 0.45 kglrn3 Aeration Reactor 0.354 kglrn3 Temperature: Reactor 1.38 mg/L

3.5 1: 2: OIF: Rate:

9.5 5.7 UMin 14 "C

i m
L

Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTINGOF THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT

m linute) - :lar. UIF - :lar.U/F

Floc'
8.125 $1

Table 3 : Test BMHDS-2

Recycle

Lime

X r . U/F
Recycle

16/04/97 8:00 0 9:oo 1 11:oo 3 1200 13:OO 5 15:OO 7 1190 17:OO 9 1200 19:OO 11 20:oo 12 21:OO 13 23:OO 1200 15 17/04/97 1200 1:00 17 3:OO 1215 19 5:OO1200 21 7:OO 1200 23 1200 25 9:00 11:OO 1200 27 13:OO 29 15:OO1200 31 17:OO1200 33 1200 19:oo 35 1200 21:oo 37 23:OO 1200 39 16/04/97 1:00 41 3:OO1200 43 5 0 0 1180 45 7O 1190 : O 47 8O 1190 : O 48

1200 1200 1200

18.0 18.0 18.4 38.0 38.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 42.0 41.3 39.0 46.0 47.0 48.0 51.0 55.0 58.0 58.0 46.0 63.0 58.0 59.0 59.0 62.0 62.0 60.0 60.0

-1.096 250
248 248 248 248 248 247 246 246 247 247 246 246 246 246 246 246 246 246 247 246 246 245 245 245 246 246 1.086 1.095 1.100 1.089 1.093 1.084 1.084 1.085 1.085 1.087 1.087 1.086 1.082 1.090 1.093 1.090 1.091 1.092 1.094 1.091 I .093 1.092 1.092 1.087 1.092 1.092

S.G.

6 Solar

Ratio

12.4 73.8

: I

1230 1220 1215

11.8 50.8

:I

12.1 52.8 12.9

: I
66.1 : I

1200

13.4 68.7

:I

12.6

55.0 :I

1190

--3.5

:onsump ?eactor leacto1 :lar. O F #2 ( ) #I L 9.5 9.5 9.5 0.0 9.6 9.5 9.5 0.1 9.5 9.5 9.6 0.2 9.6 9.7 9.7 0.7 1.1 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.7 1.8 9.6 9.5 2.0 9.5 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.7 2.2 9.7 9.8 9.8 2.5 9.6 9.8 9.7 3.0 9.6 9.5 9.8 3.5 9.3 4.0 9.4 9.3 9.4 4.5 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.4 5.0 9.5 5.5 9.6 9.8 9.5 6.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 6.5 9.7 9.7 9.6 7.0 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 6.9 9.5 9.6 9.4 9.6 8.2 9.4 9.4 8.8 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.8 9.4 9.5 9.5 10.2 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.7 9.5 9.5 9.5 11.5 9.4 9.5 9.5 12.0 9.5 9.5 9.5

---

-- - pH: in Reactor 1: in9.5 Reactor 2: in Clarifier OIF:

FeedFeed Rate: mUMin 1201 pH mUMin247 Clarifier U/F Recycle Rate: pH59.3 : 1 Average Recycle Ratio: pH Minutes 35.9 Retention Time: 5.7 Rate: 0.43 kg/m3 Aeration Reactor Solids Generation Rate: "C Temperature: 14 Reactor Lime Consumption Rate: kg/m30.347 Flocculant Consumption Rate: 5.03 mg/L

9.5 9.5 UMin

Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT

late & Time Curnu Flow F How Feed

3/04/97 8O :O 9:oo 13:OO 15:OO 16:OO 17:OO 18:OO 19:oo 21:oo 23:OO 3/04/97 1:oo 3:OO
5:OO

- es(ml KiiiGi :lar.UF - - - S.G. Floc. :lor. U F Recycle - - - 1.085 90 1190 55.0
1.125gil

Table 4 :Test BMHDS-3

Clar. U F Recycle
% Solids
Ralio

T;
0.1 0.8 1.5 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.8 9.6 9.5 9.7 9.4 9.7 9.6 9.7

lar. OIF
9.6 9.6
9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.4

500 7:OO Test Summaw

1190 1 1200 3 11:oo 1200 5 1200 7 1200 8 9 1200 10 1200 11 12 13 1200 15 1180 17 1200 19 1210 21 1200 23 1200

46.0 7.3 9.4 14.0 14.6 14.6 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.5 15.0 15.0

90 90 90 90 90 78
85

1.084 9.5 9.6 1.114 23.0 :I 1.125 15.3 1.125 1.115 9.6 1.115 1.118 15.8 20.5 :I 1.110

9.5 9.7

84
84

--

85 85 85 85 - 1.111

1.111 1.115 15.9 1.101 1.115 1.106 15.2

9.4 22.6 : I 9.4 21.5 :1

9.5
9.4 9.3 9.4 9.5
9.5

5.7

6.1 6.5 7.2

9.4 9.5 9.4 9.5

9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 -

Feed Rate: Clarifier U/F Recycle Rate: Average Recycle Ratio: Retention Time: Solids Generation Rate: Lime Consumption Rate:

1198 mUMin 87 mUMin 22.5 : 1 40.5 Minutes 0.50 kgIm3 0.436 kglm3

Feed pH: pH in Reactor 1: pH in Reactor2: pH in Clarifier OIF: Reactor Aeration Rate: Reactor Temperature:

3.2 9.5 9.5 9.5 5.7 UMin 15 "C

@L Y

.-k;

Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Table 5 :Test BMHDS4 Date & Time Cumul Flow R Hours Feed
21/04/9712:00 13:OO 1500 17:OO 19:oo 23:OO 22/04/97 1:00 3O :O 5O :O 7:OO 9:oo 1l:OO 13:OO 1500 17:OO 19:OO 21:oo 23:OO 23/04/97 1O :O 3:OO
0

- Floc. :lar. U/F fl Recycle --1.125

es(ml -

linute) :lar.U/F S.G.

Clar. U/i

-Recycle ' Catch .

Ratio

%Solid!

:onsump

?eactor
9.6 9.4 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.4 8.7 8.4 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.3 6.2 8.1 8.5 8.2 6.5 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.6 8.2 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.3 #2 9.6 9.4 8.5 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.5 6.5 6.5 8.5 8.5 8.9 8.8 8.8

#I L -( ) 1.088 1.047 1.078 1.084 1.101 1.132 6.5 19.4 1.130 :I 6.8 22.4 1.170 :I 1.176 1.176 1.192 1.184 1.183 1.203 1.205 1.216 1.227 1.236 1.232 1.231 1.245 22.7 25.2
7.0 1.174: I 7.7 : I

500
7:OO 9:oo 11:oo 12:OO
13:OO

I I010 3 I000 5 1020 7 1030 9 21:oo 1015 11 I000 13 I010 15 1000 17 980 19 1060 21 1070 23 1040 25 1042 27 1040 1040 29 31 1040 33 1040 35 1040 37 1040 39 1032 41 1050 43 1038 45 1040 47 1039 48 1040 49 1040

---

8.2 6.0 6.0 6.5 9.0 9.3 9.5 9.6 17.0 18.0 25.5 23.5 22.5 29.1 30.4 23.7 28.2 30.0 26.0 25.5 24.3 24.1 24.0 24.2 24.0 24.0

134 137 146 147 150 150 150 150 147 148 148 148 147 147 148 148 149 148 146 146 146 146 146 146 146

7.2

2.1 :I

4.7 14.5 1.091 :I

12.2 I 25.3 1.200 :

29.6

12.0 : I

12.5 I 31.0 1.245 :

---

0.0 1.5 3.0 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.7 11.0 13.0 15.0 16.5 18.5 19.5 20.5 23.0 24.5 26.0 27.5 28.5 30.5 32.0 34.0 35.8 37.8 38.3 36.8

8.7 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.7

8.5 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5

Test Summaty pH: Feed Feed Rate: Clarifier U/F Recycle Rate: in Reactor Average Recycle Ratio: Retention Time: Clarifier in Solids Generation Rate: Precipitator Catch Consurnpt: Flocculant Consumption Rate:
1031 mUMin 147 mUMin pH 8.5 : I Reactor in pH 8.6 44.2 Minutes pH 3.68 kglm3 Aeration Reactor 5.34 kglm3 Temperature: Reactor 2.37 rng/L 3.0 8.4 8.6 5.7 UMin 14 "C

1: 2: O/F: Rate:

= I

Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTINGOF THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Table 6 :Test BMHDSS
Date 8 Time Cumu Hours 3/04/9713:00 1300 17:OO 19:OO 21:OO 23:OO 4/04/97 1:00 3O :O Flow Rates (mUMinute) Ctar.U/F Feed I Floc. I Clar. UIF S.G.
Recycle

- Recycle tiar. UIF

b Solar

300
6:OO 7O :O 9:oo 11:oo 13:OO 1500 17:OO 19:OO

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 17 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

-- 84 04 82 84 83 02 03 04 86 85 82 82 02 82 02 82 84 1.245 1.190 1.274 1.262 1.263 1.276 1.278 1.258 1.237 1.261 1.300 1.300 1.302 1.300 1.290 1.275 1.279 31.0 33.7 34.4 35.7 31.O 36.0

35.0 -- -

P. Catch Ratio Consump. teactor #I (L) 8.6 7.2 : I 0.0 3.2 0.7 7.8 : I 5.4 8.6 8.6 7.7 8.4 8.1 :I 9.7 8.5 11.7 0.4 13.7 0.4 : I 0.6 15.7 :I 17.7 7.4 8.6 8.6 19.2 8.7 8.2 :I 20.7 8.7 22.2 8.7 24.2 0.8 26.4 8.7 29.0 8.7 31.4 8.7 : I 33.2 7.5 -

-Ifi- !eaclol

lar. O F

#2 9.0 9.2 9.1 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.0 8.9 0.9 8.8 9.0 9.0

0.5 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.9 8.9
9.0

9.0
9.1 9.0 9.1 9.0

9.0 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.1 -

Test Surnrnaty
~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~

Feed mUMin Clarifier pH 83 UIF Recycle Rate: pH 7.6 Ratio: Recycle Average H Minutes 46.4 Time: Retention UMin5.7 kglm3 Rate: Aeration Reactor Rate:Generation 3.54 Solids "C kglm3 Temperature: Reactor Precipitator Consumpt: 15 Catch 7.40 Flocculant Consumption 1.43 Rate: mglL

Rate:

:1

in Reactor : 1 9.0 in Reactor 2: 9.0 O/F:Clarifier in

8.6

(m
E
L

ngineering

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSlTY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Table 7 :Test BMHDS-6
Date &Time Cumul Flow F Hours Feed 24/04/9719:00 21:oo 23:OO 25/04/97 1 :00 2:oo 3O :O 4O :O 4:05

0 2 4 6 7 8 9 9 500 10 7O : O 12 9:00 14 11:OO 16 13:OO 18

- q - 3 linute) :lar.UIF --S.G. U/F Floc. Recycle - - - 1.279 35.6 1140 10.9 84
3ar.
l.mgn

Clar. UII
%Solidi

qecyde Ratio

a.

Catch

:onsump. Reactor ReactorlClar.Off

PH

7.8 :I 5.9 : I 4.0 8.0 11.5 13.0 15.2 4.2 : I 16.8 16.8 17.8 20.5 8.4 : I 23.8 26.2 28.2 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.1 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
9.5

--

1160 1170 1170 1205 1180 1220 1240 1215 1225 1230 1230 1230

11.0 10.5 15.6 15.0 15.0 13.0 12.5 12.5 13.0 14.5 14.5

62

64
65 56 49 46 242 89 91 92 91 90

1.303 1.297 36.5 1.297 1.280 1.329 37.5 1.312 1.299 37.9 1.291 I .289 1.306

9.4 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5

9.4 -- - -

Test Summary pH: Feed mUMin 1201 Feed Rate: pH mUMin 86 Clarifier UIF Recycle Rate: Average Recycle Ratio: 7.9 : 1 pH Minutes 40.4 Retention Time: UMin 5.7 Aeration 3.37 Reactor kglm3 Solids Generation Rate: Rate: "C Temperature: 9.06 15 Reactor kglm3 Precipitator Catch Consumpt: Flocculant Consumption Rate: 1.37 mglL

9.2 9.5

1: Reactor in pH2: Reactor in 9.5 in Clarifier O/F:

@ ih

Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Table 8 :Test BMHDS-7
Date &Time h m u l Flow Rates (mUMinute) Clar.U/F Clar. Uff Recyck P. Catch Clar. UIF S.G. %Solids Ratio Consump. Floc. Feed Hours (L) (0.125 glL) Recyck 0.0 1.306 90 14.5 1230 25/04/9713:00 0 06 . 1.300 89 1200 214.5 15:OO 06 . 1.308 51 17:OO 1195 414.4 7.7 06 . 37.6 1.314: I 52 12.0 1320 19:OO 6 06 . 53 1.301 21:OO 1310 810.0 0.6 47 1.296 1328 9 9.3 2200 4.3 : 38.5 I 1.8 1.301 32 9.2 23:OO 1460 10 2.8 32 1.298 9.3 26/04/9700:00 11 1480 3.8 1.298 32 1450 12 1:00 7.2 5.3 1.304 31 7.5 3O : O 14 1470 4.0 31 36.6 1.268:I 6.8 7.5 500 1440 16 7.6 6:OO 17 pH Reactor Clar. O F Reactor #2 9.5 9.4 9.1 9.0 8.5 8.8 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.2 8.3 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0 7.8 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.2

#I 9.1 8.6 8.1 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8

Test Summary Feed Feed Rate: mUMin 1353 pH Clarifier UIF Recycle Rate: mL/Min 49 pH 7.0 : 1 Average Recycle Ratio: Minutes 37.1 Retention Time: 1.94 kglm3 Rate: Aeration Reactor Solids Generation Rate: "C Temperature: 15 Reactor 2.29 kglm3 Precipitator Catch Consumpt: Flocculant Consumption Rate: 0.97 mglL 3.5 pH: in Reactor 1: 8.4 2: Reactor in 8.5 OIF: pH in Clarifier

8.0

5.7 UMin

Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT

late 8 Time Cumul Hours Feed

3/04/9712:00 0 12:30 0.5 13:OO 1 1300 3 17:OO 5 19:oo 7 21:oo 9 23:OO 11 13 3/04/97 1:00 3O : O 15 500 17 7:OO 19 7:30 19.5 9:oo 21 11:OO 23 13:OO 25

rn es(ml linute) - - - - :iar.U/F Iar. Un

- l.125gil 1400 1340 1335 1320 1298 1210 1200 1185 1200 1185 1215 1200 1210 1185 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.9 11.0 11.0

Table 9 :Test BMHDS-8

?ecycle Ratio

Top Ash
:onsump

Floc.

:lar. U/F Recycle

116 117 117 133 134 133 133 135 135 135 134

S.G.

- - (L)
13.6 17.4 20.3 23.7
0.0 1.o 3.3 : I 4.2 7.0 4.4 : I 9.5 10.5 6.2 :I 12.8 15.5 7.1 : I 17.0 19.0 20.5 42.0 I 22.8 8.5 : 9.1 : I 24.2 9.4 : I 26.0

Solid

- eacto lar. OIF leactol #I #2 - - 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.5 9.0 9.2 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.0 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.3 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.0

133 ---- - -- - - -

134

1.098 1.088 1.122 1.119 1.145 1.161 1.192 1.191 1.170 1.185 I .206 1.230 1.232

28.0 30.2 30.7

Test Summary Feed Rate: pH: Feed 1249 mUMin Reactor 130 mUMin pH Clarifier U/F Recycle Rate: in 6.5 : 1 Reactor in Average Recycle Ratio: Clarifier in 37.7 Minutes pH Retention Time: 3.74 kglm3 Aeration Reactor Solids Generation Rate: Temperature: Reactor 5.37 kglm3 Top Ash Consumption Rate: Flocculant Consumption Rate: 0.68 mglL
3.3 8.5 9.0 5.7 UMin 13 "C

pH 9.0

1: 2: O/F: Rate:

Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Table I O :Test BMHDSI
Date 8 Time Cumu Flow Rates (mUMinute) :lar.U/F S.G. Hourz Feed I Floc. Clar. uff

-ilar. U/F -1.232 30.7

1.250 1.228 1.270 1.274 1.290 1.288 1.289 1.300 1.320 1.308 1.323 1.313 32.5 33.7 36.5 36.3 38.1
b soras

29/04/9713:00 0 15:OO 2 17:OO 4 19:OO 6 21:oo 8 23:OO 10 12 30/04/97 1:00 3:OO 14 5 0 0 16 7O : O 18 9:oo 20 1l:OO 22 13:OO 24

9.9 : I 4.7 10.6 : I 7.7

1205 1200

13.0 38.7 38.4

-3.6 8.5 pH: : in Reactor I 2: Reactor in in Clarifier OlF:

teactor Reactof lar. OIF #I #2 9.0 8.5 9.0 8.6 8.7 8.2 8.6 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.2 8.2 0.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.2 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.5 8.2 0.5 8.5 8.1 8.5 8.5

---

---

Test Summary mUMin 1200 Feed Feed Rate: mUMin 128 Clarifier UIF Recycle Rate: pH pH10.0 : 1 Average Recycle Ratio: pH Minutes 39.1 Retention Time: UMin 5.73.80 kglm3 Rate: Aeration Reactor Solids Generation Rate: "C Temperature: 3.65 13 Reactor kglm3 Top Ash Consumption Rate: Flocculant Consumption Rate: 1.39 mglL

8.2 8.6

-,,

'',=L Engineering

PILOT SCALE TESTING THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS OF BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Table 11 :Test BMHDS-10

- - Recycle Cbr.UII Clrr. UIF

S.G.

--1350 1.313 1.312 1.324 1.341 1.324 1.339 1.327 1.322 1.332 1.341 1.336 1.322 38.4 39.2 40.4 40.1 39.1 41.3 39.9

%Solids

Test Summary mUMin 1319 Feed Rate: pH Clarifier UIF Recycle Rate: mUMin108 9.7 : 1 Average Recycle Ratio: Retention Time: pH Minutes 36.5 Solids Generation Rate: 3.35 kglm3 Top Ash Consumption Rate: 2.75 kglm3 Flocculant Consumption Rate: 2.06 mgIL

Top Ash Consump. (L) 12.0 :I 0.0 0.7 10.4 :I 2.3 10.4 :I 4.5 10.8 : I 5.0 6.2 7.5 9.9 :I 8.7 10.6 :I 10.5 11.5 10.2 :I 12.5 13.5
Ratio

#I 8.1

1 I I 1:; I 1:: 1
7.7 7.6
7.7

7.5 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7

pH Reactor Clar. OIF Reactor #2 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.0 7.5 8.0 0.2 8.2 3.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 7.6 8.1 8.0 7.78.2 8.0 8.2

7.6

8.0

8.2

"C

Feed pH: in Reactor I: pH in Reactor 2: in Clarifier OIF: Rate: Aeration Reactor Temperature: 14 Reactor

3.6 7.7 8.0 8.2 5.7 UMin

a
I

I I I I
1 1 I I 1

PILOT SCALE TESTINGOF THE HIGH DENSITY SLUDGE PROCESS BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Table 12 : Test BMHDS-I1
Date &Time umul Rates Flow b o u r s l

(m
m

Clsr. UiF Recycle % Solas Ratio

Lime PH Consump. Reactor Reactor Clar. O F #2 #I (L) 10.3 9.8 0.0 9.7 9.7 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.4
9.4

110 100 116 117 117

117

1.102 1.094 1.093 1.096 1.091

I nap,

2.0

3.0

9.9 9.5 9.3 9.5 9.4

10.2 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.5

9.5

Test Summary
~~

mUMin 943 FeedFeed Rate: pH 113 mUMin Rate: Clarifier UIF Recycle Ratio: Average Recycle NIA H Minutes 49.2 Time: Retention NIA kglm3 Aeration Reactor Rate: Generation Solids Rate: "CTemperature:Rate: Reactor Consumption 15 0.44Lime kglm3 Flocculant Consumption 9.98 Rate: mg/L

pH:

9.7

9.5 in Reactor 1: pH in Reactor 2: O/F:Clarifier in

9.6
5.7 LlMin

I I
I

1 1

SJ

APPENDIX B GRAPHS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITYVS. RUN TIME FOR INDIVIDUAL TESTS & PERCENT SOLIDS VS. SPECIFIC GRAVITY

1.iw

Smcific Gmvltv vs Run Time Test BMHDSCommissloning

-.

I I I
1

iI
1.080 A ~-

" "

___

" "
~

" "
~

- .

~- -" " -"" -

"

10

20

30

40 Run TIM (hn)

54

60

70

Figure4.1.1

Figure 4.1.2

1.120

Specific Gnvltv vs Run Time Test BMHDS-2

1.060 '

" "

S~eclfic Gnvltv vs Run Time

1.200

Test BMHDS-3

Figure 4.1.4

, - L ,

sFS,'L Engineering

I I

32

24

16

Run T i m (hn)

40

48

Figure 4.1.5

SDecific Gnvitv vs Run Time Test BMHDS-6

1.400 ,
"

" .

~~

1.100 J 0

12

16

20

Run Tlrm (hn)

Figure 4.1.7

Smcific Gravlhr vs Run Time Test BMHDS-7

1.400

1.100
0

12

16

2 C

Run Time (hn)

Figure 4.1.8
7 -

- C ? L -

Engineering

S~cific Gravltv vs Run T h e Test BMHDS-8

"

16

24

32

40

48

Figure 4.1.9

1.400 _-.-

Figure4.1.10
,

-~ _"
"

73')-

Engineering

Clarifier Underflow Percent Solids vs. Smcific Gravitv Tests BMHDSC. 1.2 & 3

1
y = 129.05~ 128.3

6
~

2 ~ " -

1.05

1.07

1.13 1.os CIariflw U&mow Sp.clfic Gmvily (k&)

1.11

Figure 4.3.1

Clarifier Underflow Percent Solids vs. Swcific Gravity Tests BMHDS4.5.6 & 7

y = 112.46x - 108.86 Rz = 0.9758

,-

is la
In
1 0

-J

"_
I
I

.c

10

1.15

1 !

04
1.00 1.10 1.05

,
ClariMr Undemow S p ~ l f iGmvily (k&) c

" 4

Figure 4.3.2

; -

&%E.% '

Engineering

45

-~
!

Clarifier Underflow Percent Solids Swcific Gravity vs. Tests BMHDS-O. 9 & 10
~

" "

35 y = 108.45~ 104.03 Rz = 0.9888

"

15

L-~-

Clarifier Feed Percent Solid8 Swclfic Gravity vs. Tests BMHDS-1 to 10

J
I

1.00

.M
Clarlflor Feed SpeclRc Gravily (kgh)
.~"

1.05
-

"

.
~

Figure 4.3.4

I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

APPENDIX C ANALYTICAL RESULTS

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah Densitv Sludae Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach, British Columbia
Solution Analvoio bv ICP
Element Test BMHDS-Commissioning-29 Hours Clarifier Overflow
Dissoived

Test BMHDS-Commissioning-39 Hours Clarifier Overflow Feed Feed

Dissolved co. I Total

Ag AI As

B
mgIL Ba Be Ca Cd Co Cr Cu Fe K Mg Mn
Mo Na Ni P Pb

mglL mglL mglL mgIL

co.1

Total

Dissolved

Total

Dissolved

Total

co.1 32.8

<o. 1

co.1

c0.5 0.5 co.01

31.7 1.1 ~0.6 <0.5 0.5 0.6 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 555 ~0.05 ~0.05

~0.6
0.5 0.03

COS 0.8

<0.1 <0.1 35.2 31.5 1.8 <0.6 ~0.5 0.3 0.6 <0.01 co.01 <0.01 453 0.08
co.06

c0.1 2.9 c0.6 0.7 0.03

1.4

co.01

mglL mg/L mglL mglL mgIL mglL mglL mg/L mgIL mg/L mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mg/L mgIL mglL mgIL mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.01 0.01 437 451 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.14 ~0.06 0.07 20 19 7.49 10.2 1.o 2.0 82 83 5.49 5.78
co.1 <o. 1 14 12 c0.2 c0.2 - I <I = ~0.5 ~0.6

0.01 562 c0.06

c0.06
co.06

0.06
<0.05 ~0.05 <I 66 1.47
co.1 12 c0.2 4 <0.5

0.01 441 0.09 0.10 0.13

~0.06

0.01 co.01 581 566 ~0.05 ~0.06 ~ 0 . 0 5 ~0.06 0.07 0.06

0.47 0.29 2.0 71 1.59 co.1 10 c0.2 <I c0.6 529

19 21 0.09 10.9 <0.05 7.55 - I = 2 1.o 68 82 87 1.o 5.86 5.80 <0.1 co.1 14 12 c0.2 <0.2 <I 4 c0.5 <0.6 530 574 c0.6 ~0.5 ~0.5 ~0.6 19.0 19.1 4 5 c0.6 2.32 2.49 c0.02 c0.02 co.1 co.1 23.0 23.3
NIA NIA~

1.o
0.5
C l

57 1.1

<0.1 c0.1 13 13 c0.2 c0.2 <I <I ~0.5 <0.6 510 503 c0.5 ~0.6 ~0.5 ~0.6 1.4 1.9 C0.5 c0.6 2.53 2.50 0.03 ~0.02 c0.1 co.1 0.12 1.0 1730 17401 N/A N/AI

S
Sb Se Si Sn

529 c0.5 ~0.5 c0.5

~0.6 ~0.6

489 c0.5 ~0.5 17.9 19.1 1.4 ~0.6 <0.5 2.40 c0.02
co. I

538

~0.6 ~0.6
1.3 c0.6 2.59 c0.02 co.1 0.67
NIA N/A]

mgIL Sr Ti V

Z n

2.32 2.35 co.02 c0.02 co.1 co.1 22.8 21.7 1430 16401 NIA N/AJ

0.2 1650 1660

'HC mglL "HTmgIL

"HT

N/A N/AI

'HC = Hardness,Ca + Mg

N/A=Not Analyzed

= Hardness. Total

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah Densitv Sludae Process of Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia Beach. British Columbia
Solution Anahrds bv ICP
BMHDS-1 (21 Hours)
Element
Ag AI As B Ba
Feed Dissolved Clarifer Overflow Total Dissolved Total

BMHDS-1 (31 Hours) Clarifar Overflow Feed

Total Dissolved

BMHDS-1 (48 Hours)

Clarifw Overflow Feed Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dbaolved

mg/L mglL mglL mg/L mg/L

4.1 33.3

<0.5 0.5
<0.01 <0.01 399 0.10 0.07

37.5 <0.6

4.1 0.9

c0.5
0.5

0.5
0.04
0.01

4.1 2.8 c0.6 0.4 0.02

<0.1

CO.l

e0.i . < O . l <o.i 1.6 0.7 42.6 28.923.5

~0.5 <0.6
0.5 0.02 0.03

~ 0 . 5 c0.6
0.7
0.5

0.6

<0.1 2.3 <0.5 ~ 0 . 6 <0.5 <0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.02 cO.01 cO.01 0.02 <0.01 0.04<0.01
C0.i

34.8

<0.1 0.9

Be mglL mglL Ca Cd mglL Co mglL mglL Cr

Cu
Fe

~0.01

0.13 0.13 ~0.05 0.16 19.9 22.3 12.0 2 Mg 84 97 6.13

<0.1 14 <0.2 <I

0.01 ~ 0 . 0 1 0.01 342 552 478 443 0.16 c0.05 ~0.06 0.10 0.10 0.08 <0.05 c0.06 0.10 c0.05 <0.06 0.11

CO.01 520

4.01 472 536

<0.05 <0.06 0.08 ~0.05 <0.06 0.06 <0.05 0.14 <0.05

<0.01 4 . 0 1 0.01 <0.01 498 475 369 291 0.09 ~0.05 <0.06

0.06 ~0.05 0.08 0.17 <0.06

<0.

mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mglL

<I
5.66 Mn <0.1 11 <0.2 4

~0.05 1.59 ~0.05 0.78 7.74 <I <I 62 0.29 0.58

~0.1 11 ~0.2 4

17.2 25.3 ~0.05 0.41 14.4 1.62. 0 5 0.18 ~0 1 1 Cl <I 110 72 73 0.30 6.74 4.90 0.45

21.7 ~0.05 0.78 15.0 13.8 ~0.05 0.44 2.85 1 <I <I I 58 54 86 60 69 66 0.38 5.31 4.06 0.15 ~0.1 ~0.1 ~ 0 . 1 11 10 10 <0.2. 2 ~ 0~2 . 2 0 . 2 ~0 .0 ~ <I -=I <I <I

MO mglL

Na Ni P Pb
S Sb Se Si mglL Sn Sr Ti V

mglL mglL mglL mg/L

~ 0 . 5 ~0.6 <0.5

~ 0 . 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 9 12 13 12 13 <0.2 <0.2 c0.2 ~0.2 <I <I <I <I <I ~ 0 . 5 ~0.6 <0.5 ~0.6 <0.5 <0.6 518 446 649 <0.5 ~ 0 . 6 <OS <0.5 c0.6 c0.5 22.8 16.9 2.5 1.4 518 ~0.6 ~0.6 1.2 ~0.5 ~ 0 . 6 379

~ 0 . 1<0.1 10

<0.6
511 455

~0.5 ~0.6
468

mglL 527 mglL ~0.5 <0.5 mglL mglL 18.7

583 480 537 <OS c0.6 <0.6

~0.6 c0.5
20.7

c0.6
c0.6

<0.5 ~ 0 . 6 ~0.5 <0.6 ~0.5 <0.6 <0.5 <0.6

19.8 14.8 1.8 1.6 2.2

~0.5 <0.6

<0.5

<0.5

<0.6

<0.5

~0.6 ~ 0 . 5 ~ 0 . 6
2.26 2.33

2.89 2.57 2.58 2.41 2.69 1.94 mglL 2.31 <0.02 <0.02 c0.02 mglL ~ 0 . 0 20.0500 <0.02 c0.02 cO.1 mg/L <O.l cO.1 ~ 0 . 1 ~ 0 . 1 1 cO.1 ~0. mg/L Zn 22.3 24.8 0.06

1.64 2.28 2.59 <0.02 <0.02 0,0600 <O.l <0.1 <0.1 0.44 0.04 26.4 21.3 16.6 20.0

~0.02 <0.02
<0.1 0.05 1.20 1410 1410 <0.1 0.89

'HC mglL 1340 "HT mglL 1560

'HC = Hardness, Ca

N/A N/A

1450 1460

N/A N/A

1150 1330

N/A N/A

1570 1580

N/A NIA

976 1130

N/A N/A

N/A NIA

+ Mg N/A=Not Analyzed "HT = Hardness, Total

Pilot Plant Testing the Hiah Densitv Sludge Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach, British Columbia
Solution Analysis by ICP
Element Test BMHDS-2 (12 Hours) Clarifier OverRow Feed
Dissolved

Test BMHDS-2 (24 Hours) Clarifier Overflow Feed

co.1 I 26.9 c0.5 0.4 co.01

Ag AI As B Ba
Be Ca Cd Co Cr

mg/L mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

co.1 I 21.3 c0.5 0.4 co.01

Total

Dissolved

co.1 29.2 ~0.6 0.6 0.01 0.01 328 0.06 0.06

CO.06

co.1I 1.4 ~0.5 0.4 co.01

Total

co.1 2.5 ~0.6 0.4 co.01

0.01 414 ~0.06

Total

Dissolved

co.1 31.5 ~0.6 0.5 0.01 0.01 353 0.10 c0.06

co.06

co.1 I 0.9 c0.5 0.3 <0.01 co.01 395 <0.05 ~0.05 ~0.05

Total Dissolved

c0.1 2.1 <0.6 0.6 <0.01 0.01 410 c0.06 c0.06

<0.01 247 ~0.05 ~0.05 ~0.05 13.0 5.05 <I 54 3.54

co.1 9 c0.2 <I ~0.5

co.01 355 ~0.05 ~0.05 ~0.05

c0.06 c0.06
0.72 0.34 <I 46 0.33 co.1 9 c0.2 <I ~0.6 410 ~0.6 ~0.6 1.6 ~0.6 1.97 co.02 co.1 0.74

co.01 306 0.06 ~0.05 ~0.05 15.6 I .83 <I 67 4.48

co.1 I1

c0.06
0.45 0.16 <I 46 0.30
c0.1 10

cu Fe K Mg Mn
Mo Na Ni P Pb
S Sb Se Si

18.7 9.53 <I 73 4.76 co.1 10 co.2 <I ~0.6 463 c0.6 ~0.6 16.4 ~0.6
2.02 co.02 co.1 19.4

~0.05 ~0.05 <I 41 0.1 5

co.1 9 c0.2 <I ~0.5 347 <OS ~0.5 1.1 c0.5 1.73

19.6 7.62 <I 79 5.13 co.1 10 co.2 - I = ~0.6 497 ~0.6 ~0.6 17.4 ~0.6 2.17 <0.02 co. 1 20.9

~0.05 0.1 <I 45 0.15

co.1 10 c0.2 <I ~0.5 382 ~0.5 COS 1.3 ~0.5 1.95 co.02 <o.1 0.02 1170 11801

c0.2
<I ~0.5 404 ~0.5 ~0.5 14.7 ~0.5 1.82 <0.02 co.1 17.8 1040 12101

c0.2
<I ~0.6 409 ~0.6 ~0.6 1.5 ~0.6
2.02 c0.02 c0.1 0.48

330 ~0.5 <OS 12.2

S n
Sr Ti V Zn

c0.5
1.47 <0.02 co.1 14.0

c0.02
co.1

c0.02
1050

I-HT

'HC mg/L mglLl

840
9781

N/A

N/AI

IMOl

NIA N/A~

N/A

N/AI

N/A

N/AI

'HC = Hardness,Ca + Mg *'HT = Hardness. Total

N/A=Not Analyzed

^i

C "

% &'

Engineering

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah Densitv Sludae Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach. British Columbia
Solution Analvsisbv ICP

Ai As B Ba

mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mg/L mglL mglL mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L

23.5 COS 0.4 co.01 <0.01 271 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 13.8 5.26 <I 59 3.87 <0.1 10 <0.2 <I <0.5 359 COS ~0.5 12.9 <OS 1.61 <0.02 co.1 15.5 920 10701

33.8 ~0.6 0.7 0.01 0.01 380 0.09 0.09

CO.06

1.1 <OS 0.5 0.0

eo.01 392 <0.05 <0.05 ~0.05

2.0 ~0.6 0.5 0.02 co.01 488 c0.06

co.06

28.4 <OS 0.3 <0.01 0.01 326 0.07 ~0.05 <0.05 15.9
2.35

34.5 <0.6 0.5 co.01

0.9 <0.5 0.5 <0.01 <0.01 466 <0.05 ~0.05 ~0.05

1.9 ~0.6 0.5 c0.01 <0.01 489 ~0.06 c0.06

Be Ca Cd co Cr Cu
Fe

0.01 391 0.07 0.07

co.06

co.06

<OM
0.48 0.27 <I 55 0.38 <0.1 10 c0.2 <I ~0.6 487 <0.6 0.7 1.4

20.9 10.3

~0.05
<0.05 <I 44 0.13

K Mg Mn
Mo Na Ni P Pb
S

I .o
85 5.54 co.1 12 c0.2
C l

0.40 0.10 <I 54 0.29

co.1 10 c0.2 <I

<I 71 4.71
co.1 13 <0.2 <I <0.5

20.8 10.4 <I 87 5.67 e0.1 12 co.2

Cl

~0.05
<0.05

4 52 0.22

<o.1
10 <0.2
cl

<o.1
11 c0.2 <I <OS 44 1 <0.5 ~0.5 0.8 <OS 2.21 <0.02 <0.1 0.02 1380 13801

~0.6
534 ~0.6 ~0.6 19.2 ~0.6 2.33 c0.02 co.1 22.5

<OS
372 <0.5
<OS 1.5

<0.6
482 ~0.6

c0.6 551 c0.6 <0.6 18.6

Sb Se Si Sn

~0.6
1.3 e0.6 2.39 c0.02 co.1 0.35

<OS
1.91 c0.02 <0.1 0.02 1160 11701

428 0.6 <0.5 15.3 <0.5 1.93 <0.02 co.1 18.8 1110 12801

<0.6
2.39 co.02 co.1 23.1

<0.6
2.35 <0.02 <0.1 0.46

S r
Ti V Zn

'HC mg/L I"HT mg/Ll

"HT

NIA N/A~

N/A N/A~

NIA N/A~

N/A

N/AI

'HC = Hardness, Ca + Mg

MA-Not Analyzed

= Hardness,Total

-,,
" & ? k

Engineering

Pilot Plant Testina the HiahDensihr Sludge Process of Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia Beach, British Columbia
Solution Analvsic bv ICP
Element Test BMHDS-3 (13 Hours) Clarifier Overffow Feed
Dissolved

Test BMHDSJ (23 Hours) Clarifier Overflow Feed

Dissolved

Ag Ai As B Ba

mglL mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL

co.1I 30.3

Total

Dissolved

COS 0.4 <0.01

<0.1 36.5 c0.6 0.4 0.02 <0.01 410 0.15 0.12 0.12 21.6 10.90 2.0 90 5.84
co.1

0.7 ~0.5 0.5 co.01 -=0.01 444 ~0.05 <0.05 ~0.05

I co.1 I

Total

co.1 2.3

~0.6
0.5 <0.01

28.3 ~0.5 0.4 co.01 co.01 319 0.08 0109 ~0.05 16.9 6.09 1.o 71 4.65
co.1 10 G0.2 <I

I co.1 I

Total

Dissolved

GO.1

34.9 ~0.6 0.5 0.02 co.01 394 0.10 0.13 0.07 20.7 10.10 1.0 86 5.62
co.1 12 c0.2 4 <0.6

co.1 1.1 ~0.5 0.5 co.01 <0.01 498 ~0.05

Total

co. 1

2.6

~0.6
0.5 0.01

Be Ca Cd Co Cr
Cu
Fe

<0.01 342 0.08 0.05 ~0.05 18.0 6.49 1.o 76 4.99

co.1 10 c0.2 <I ~0.5

co.01 510

~0.06 <0.06
0.17 0.68 0.28 1.0 66 0.34

c0.01 562 ~0.06

~0.05
<0.05 ~0.05
C0.05

C0.06
C0.06
0.73 0.25 <I 75 0.54
c0.1 13 c0.2 <I

~0.05
~0.05 2.0 58 0.20

K Mg Mn
Mo Na Ni P Pb

2.0 67

0.34
CO.1 13 c0.2 <I c0.5

13 c0.2 <I c0.6

co.1 CO.1 10 12 <0.2 c0.2 - I <I = <0.6 ~0.5 448 <0.5 <OS 1.3 ~0.5 2.27 c0.02 co.1 0.04 1350 13501 503

<0.5
448 ~0.5 ~0.5 15.5 ~0.5 1.99 e0.02 co.1 18.7 1090 12701

~0.6
555 ~0.6 ~0.6 1.9

S
Sb Se Si Sn

479 ~0.5 ~0.5 16.6

COS

560 ~0.6 ~0.6

20.0 ~0.6 2.48 c0.02 GO.1 24.1

536

~0.6 ~0.6
1.8 ~0.6 2.54 c0.02 co.1 0.68

~0.6
~0.6 18.8

503 <0.5 ~0.5 1.1

~0.6
2.39 c0.02 co.1 23.4

C0.5
2.50 G0.02 co.1 0.05 1520 1530)

<0.6
2.74 c0.02
g0.1

Sr Ti V Zn

2.13 c0.02 co.1 19.8 1170 13601

0.76

I-HT

'HC mglL mg/Ll

NIA NlA
Analyzed

NlA NIA~

NIA

N~AI

NIA NIA~

'HC = Hardness,Ca + MgN/A=NoI "HT = Hardness. Total

@-$ $

Engineering

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah DensitvSludae Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach. British Columbia

Element

Solution Analvsis bv ICP Test BMHDS-I (48 Hours) Clarifier Overflow Feed Feed
Dissolved

Test BMHDS-4 (35 Hours) Clarifier Overflow -Dissolved I Total Dissolved I Total
<O.l I 33.4 <OS 0.5 <0.01 <0.01 329 0.09 0.06 0.06 19.8 9.49 2.0 78 5.04
<0.1 12

Ag AI As B Ba

mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mgll mglL mglL mgll mgll mgll m g l l m g l l mgll mgll mgll mgll mgll mgll mgll mgll mgll

<O.l 35.9 ~0.6 0.5 0.01

<0.1I

~0.5 ~0.5
1.5 0.11

co.1 0.7 ~0.6 1.6 0.16

I I

Total

Disfoived

33.7 <OS 0.4 <0.01

so.1 40.0 <0.6 0.5 0.02

co.1I

Total

<O.l <O.l ~0.91 0.6 1.6 0.16 <0.01 577

~0.5 <0.5
1.3 0.13

Be Ca Cd Co Cr Cu Fe
K

co.01 354 0.10 0.09 ~0.06

<0.01 489

co.01 561

<0.05 ~0.05 ~0.05

<0.05
<0.05 140 75 2.17

c0.06 c0.06
<0.06 0.17 0.22 158 85 2.47
0.1 382 c0.2 < I ~0.6

<0.01 328 0.10 0.10 0.06

20.1 9.43
I .o

<0.01 390 0.15 0.10 <0.06

<0.01 431

~0.05 <0.05 ~0.05

<0.06
<0.06

<0.06
0.17 0.35 158 87 2.56 <O.l 381 <0.2 < I <0.6 744 ~0.6 <0.6 3.3 ~0.6 3.04

Mg Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb

21.1 13.8 2.0 82 5.29 <0.1 11

78 5.05

23.6 14.9 1.0 91 5.86 <0.1 13

~0.05
C0.05 118 67 1.95 eo.1 288

<0.1 341

<0.2
<I

c0.2
< I e0.6

<0.2
<I

<0.1 11 c0.2
Cl

<0.2
<I ~0.6 551 <0.6 ~0.6 20.9 <0.6 2.38 0.03 GO.1 21.9

c0.2
<I

<0.5
480

~0.5
659

<OS

~0.5
569

S
Sb Se
Si

<0.5
<0.5 17.2

Sn Sr Ti
V

<0.5
2.06

503 c0.6 ~0.6 18.4 <0.6 2.16 <0.02 eo.1 19.9

<0.5 ~0.5
2.3

<0.5
2.68 <0.02 GO.1 0.31 1530

731 e0.6 <0.6 3.0 ~0.6 3.01

479

<0.5
e0.5
17.5

~0.5
<0.5 1.8

<OS
2.06

<OS
2.34

<0.02
<0.1 18.2

<0.02
eo.1 0.58

<0.02
co.1 18.2

<0.02
<0.1 0.35 1350 13601

<0.02
<0.1 0.82

Zn

HC mgll

HC = Hardness, Ca+ Mg **HT Hardness. Total

NlA 1140 13501 15401 NIA(

NIA-Not Analyzed

NIA N/AI

1140 13501

NIA N/AI

NlA NIA

& & L

e
~

Engineering

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah Densitv Sludae Process of Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia Beach, British Columbia
Solution Analvsis bv ICP
Element Test BMHDS-5 (12 Houn) Clarifier Overflow Feed
Dissolved

Test BMHDS-5 (24 Hours) Clarifier OverRow Feed

Dissolved

Ag AI As B Ba Be Ca Cd Co Cr Cu Fe K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb
S Sb Se Si Sn

mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL

co.1I 31.3

Total
GO. 1

Di550ived

<OS
0.5 0.01 <0.01 348 0.09 0.14 0.15

35.9 ~0.6 0.5 0.04

0.01 400 0.12 0.20 0.15

co.1 I 0.5 c0.5 1.3 0.15

Total

co.1 1.6 ~0.6 1.8

0.17
co.01 615
co.06 co.06

co.1 I 27.4 c0.5 0.5 co.01

Total

Dissolved

co.1 36.0 c0.6 0.5 0.02

co.1 I 0.9 c0.5 1.6 0.16

Total co.1

1.7 ~0.6 1.6 0.18 0.02 565 c0.06 c0.06

c0.06

<0.01 540 ~0.05 0.06 c0.05

0.23 c0.05 160 70 1.31 0.1 390 c0.2 <I 0.5 728

~0.06 0.27 0.36 190 a5 1.63

co.1 454 c0.2 <I c0.6

<0.01 320 0.06 ~0.05 c0.05

0.02 431 0.10 0.07

co.06

co.01 550 ~0.05 c0.05 ~0.05

19.1 8.20 3.0 74 4.93

co.1 16 c0.2 <I ~0.5

22.4 12.3 3.0 a8 5.81

co.1 19

16.8 6.37 4 65 4.48

co.1 12 c0.2 <I c0.5

22.8 11.5 1.o 89 6.08

co.1 13 c0.2 -=I c0.6

0.25 ~0.05 187 64 0.77

0.1 445 c0.2 <I

0.24 0.25 192 70 0.93 0.1 453 c0.2 <I ~0.6 733 ~0.6 c0.6 2.7 c0.6 2.99 c0.02 c0.1 0.70

<0.2
<I ~0.6 541 c0.6 c0.6 19.8 c0.6 2.34 0.07 co.1 22.3 NIA

<OS
678 ~0.5 c0.5 1.7 c0.5 2.83 c0.02 co.1 0.12 1640 1640

463 c0.5 <OS 17.2 c0.5 2.03 0.04 co.1 18.2

<OS
c0.5 2.8 <OS

a16 <0.6 c0.6 3.2 ~0.6 3.34 c0.02

co.1

471 ~0.5
c0.5

16.3 c0.5
1.85 c0.02 co.1 17.1

570 c0.6 c0.6 20.0 ~0.6 2.51 c0.02 co.1 23.7 NIA NIA~

Sr Ti V mglL Zn

2.80 0.03 co.1 0.22 1630

0.86 NlA N/AI

1-HT

'HC mglL 1170 mg/Ll 16401 13701 NIA

1070 12401

NlA N/AI

'HC = Hardness,Ca + Mg "HT = Hardness. Total

N/A=NotAnalyzed

t Engineering m

Pilot Plant Testina the High Densitv Sludge Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach. British Columbia
Solution Analvsk bv ICP

Ai As B Ba

mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL

23.1

~0.5
0.5

<0.01
<0.01 314 0.08 0.09 0.06 14.9 4.54 3.0 60 4.15
<0.1 16 e0.2 < I <0.5

30.5 <0.6 0.7 0.03

0.7 ~0.5 1.4 0.18 <0.01 544

1.7

24.7

<0.6
1.6 0.21

<0.5
0.4 <0.01 <0.01 337 0.09 0.08

26.4 <0.6 0.6 0.02

<0.01 370 0.07 0.07

0.8

<0.5
I .4 0.17

1.3 <0.6 1.4 0.21

Be
Ca Cd Co Cr

0.01 415 0.14 0.09 0.07

<0.05
<0.05

e0.05
~0.05 q0.05 258 56 0.21
0.2 608

0.02 538 ~0.06 ~0.06 C0.06

<0.01 553

0.01 595

0.05
16.3 4.56 1.o 64 4.51 <0.1 13

<OM
17.6 8.29 4 71 4.98
co.1

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05

0.10

<0.06
<0.06

<0.06
0.29 0.53 228 60 0.44 0.2

Cu

mg/L Fe mg/L K mg/L Mg mglL Mn mglL

Mo Na Ni P Pb

20.2
9.58 2.0 81 5.64

0.25
0.21 264 58 0.34

<0.05
216 53 0.29
0.1 499 <0.2 <I <OS

mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL

<o.1
19 c0.2
<I

0.2 614

c0.2
< I

c0.2
< I <0.6

c0.2
<l ~0.5

13 c0.2
<I

521 e0.2
<I <0.6

<0.6 526 <0.6 ~0.6 18.8 ~0.6 2.39 0.03 co.1 23.0
NIA N/A~

<0.5
764 <0.5
<0.5 1.8 ~0.5

<0.6 465 <0.6

Sb
Se

S i
Sn Sr Ti V

390 <OS ~0.5 14.3

<0.5
I .80 0.03 < . O l 16.6
1030 11801

736 0.7 e0.6 2.6 ~0.6 2.88

494

<0.5
<0.5 16.7

<0.6
17.2 <0.6 2.1I

659 <0.5 ~0.5 1.4

<OS

~0.5
1.95

733 <0.6 <0.6 3.1 ~0.6 3.09 0.03 <0.1 0.84

2.86

2.83

<0.02
<0.1 0.06 1590 15901

<0.02
<0.1 0.60

<0.02
<0.1 18.1 1110 12701

<0.02
co.1 20.8

<0.02
<0.1 0.08 1600 16001

Z n

' C mg/L H
"HT mglL

NIA NIA~

N/A N/A]

'HC = Hardness, Ca + Mg

N/A=NotAnalyzed

"HT = Hardness, Total

Pilot Plant Testing the HiahDensihr Sludae Process of Britannia MineAMD Treatment Britannia Beach, British Columbia
Solution Analvsis bv ICP
Element Test BMHDS-7 (8 Hours) Feed Clarifier OverRow
Dissolved

Test BMHDS-7 (17 Hours) Clarifier Overtlow Feed

Dissolved

mglL Ag AI As B Ba Be Ca Cd Co Cr

mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L

24.5

I eo.1 I
~0.5

Total

eo.1 30.4 <0.6 0.4 <0.01

<0.1 <0.1 ~0.5 0.8 <0.6 ~0.5 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.12 <0.010.08 <0.01 543 0.01 633

Dissolved

co.1 I

Total

I
I

Total

Dissolved

25.6

~0.5
<O.Ol <0.01 37 I 0.08 0.07

co.1 28.6 e0.6 0.3 <0.01 <0.01 426 0.10 0.09 <0.06

<0.1I

Total

<0.5 <0.5
0.3 1.1 0.14 <0.01 525

c0.1 0.9 ~0.6 1.1 0.19 0.01 576

<0.01 qo.01 342 437 0.07 0.10 ~0.05 <0.06 d0.05 <0.06 16.3 20.7 4.18 8.79 <I 1.o 66 83 4.47 5.71
co.1 <O.l 10 16 c0.2 s0.2 <I <I <OS <0.6

~0.05 e0.05 <0.05

<0.06
~0.06 <0.06 0.26 0.32 18 76 3.05 <0.1

<0.05

~0.05 e0.05 ~0.05

0.07

c0.06
0.08 0.09 0.45 0.37 106 71 2.99 0.1 2500 <0.2 <I ~0.6

Cu Fe K Mg Mn
Mo Na Ni P

<0.05
<0.05 16

66
2.63
co.1 42

17.0 19.3 I .25 1.48 <I <I 70 80 4.82 5.45 2.68

co.1 15

~0.05
96 64

Pb
S

c0.2 <I <0.5

505

52 <0.2
4 ~0.6

<0.1 17

<0.2
<I <OS 441 <I

e0.2
~0.6

<0.1 233 c0.2 <I <OS 577

412

552
0.6 <0.6 19.9 ~0.6

Sb
mglL Se mglL Si mglL Sn
Sr mglL Ti V mglL Zn

<0.5 <0.5
15.4 <OS

<0.5

<OS
2.4

<0.5
2.58 co.02 CO. 1 0.64 1630 16401

607 <0.6 ~0.6 3.8 <0.6 2.87 c0.02 <0.1 1.24

c0.5 ~0.5

<0.6 ~0.6 <0.6

~0.5
2.16

531 619 ~0.6 e0.5 e0.6 3.6 10.8 3.8 16.7 ~0.5 <0.6

<OS

mglL mglL

2.03 2.51 <0.02 G0.02 co.1 <0.1 18.0 23.1 1130 12901

<0.02
19.9 1210 13801

2.44 2.57 2.75 c0.02 0.12 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.66 22.4 1.08

'HC mglL " H i mglL

*'HT

NlA NIA~

NIA N/A~

NlA

N~AI

1570 15801

NIA N/A~

'HC = Hardness,Ca + Mg

NIA-Not Analyzed

= Hardness, Total

'\;z9
, ,

Engineering

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah Densitv Sludae Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach. British Columbia
Solution Analysis bv ICP
Element Test
Feed

BMHDS-8 (24 Hours)

I Clarifier Overflow
Dissolved

Ag A/ As B Ba

mglLl mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL

co.1 I 21.3

0.1 I 24.9

co.1 I 0.9

Total

~0.5
0.3 <0.01 co.01 350

~0.5
0.3 co.01 0.01 414 0.10

~0.5
0.8 0.05

c0.1 0.9 ~0.6 0.8 0.08

Be Ca Cd Co Cr
Cu Fe

~0.05
~0.05

~0.05
15.1 2.1 1 <I 63 4.29 co.1 6 c0.2 <I

c0.06 c0.m
17.9 8.70 < I 74 5.03
co.1 9 c0.2 4 c0.6

0.01 <0.01 466 558 ~ 0 . 0 5 ~0.06 ~0.05 ~ 0 . 0 6 ~0.05 ~ 0 . 0 6

~0.05

K
Mg Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb
S Sb Se Si mglL Sn

0.27 0.36 ~0.05 75 60 51 61 1.26 0.99

c0.1 co.1 193 164 c0.2 c0.2 <I 4 ~0.5 ~ 0 . 6

~0.5
407 ~0.5

505 ~0.6

486

~0.5
<OS 2.1

~0.5
14.8

c0.6
17.5 c0.6 2.43 c0.02 0.I 22.7

579 ~0.6 ~0.6 2.8

~0.5
mglL mglL mglL mglL 2.10 c0.02 co.1 19.4

~0.5

<0.6

Sr Ti V Zn

2.30 2.69 c0.02 c0.02 co.1 c0.1 0.09 0.42

NIA 1130 'HC mg/L 1370 "HT mglL 12801 N/AI 13801 'HC = Hardness, Ca + Mg N/A=Not Analyzed
"HT = Hardness. Total

NIA NIA~

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah Densitv Sludge Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach. British Columbia
Solution Anrlvsis bv ICP

Ai As B Ba Be Ca Cd Co Cr

mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL

17.1 <OS 0.3 <0.01

20.3 ~0.6 0.3 <0.01

~0.5 <OS 0.7 0.05

0.7 ~0.6 0.9 0.06

22.0 ~0.5 0.3 co.01

22.6 <0.6 0.3 <0.01

0.5 ~0.5 0.7 0.04

CO.01 473 ~0.05 ~0.05 ~0.05

1.01 ~0.6
1.o

0.07

co.01 346 ~0.05 <0.05 ~0.05

12.6 1.68

<0.01 354 ~0.06 0.06 0.08

14.4 4.96 < I 61 4.25

co.01 477 ~0.05 ~0.05 ~0.05

0.28 0.1 1 49 56 I .94
co.1 120 0.3
< I

<0.01 504
co.06

0.1
co.06

co.01 368 ~0.05 <0.05 ~0.05

15.3 I .89 -4 65 4.42
co.1 11 <0.2 < I ~0.5

<0.01 409 0.1 0.09

co.06

c0.01 580 c0.06 c0.06 c0.06

0.26 0.21 64 70 2.26
c0.1 170 <0.2 < I ~0.6

Cu

Fe
K Mg Mn
Mo Na Ni P Pb
S Sb Se Si Sn Sr Ti V Zn

4
53 4.01

0.31 0.27 53

64
2.18
CO.1 140 c0.2 - I = <0.6

16.3 5.86 <I 69 4.83

<O.l 13 <0.2 <I e0.6

~0.05
~0.05

49 52 1.73
co.1 130 c0.2 <I ~0.5

< . co.1 O l 15 15 c0.2 <0.2 4 4 ~0.6 ~0.5 390 ~0.5 ~0.5 12.7 ~0.5 430

0.7 467 ~0.5 ~0.6 3.0 ~0.5 2.21 c0.02 <o.I 0.32

~0.6
~0.6 13.9 ~0.6 2.03 <0.02 co.1 20.4
NIA N/A

529 ~0.6

~0.6
2.9 ~0.6 2.52 <0.02 co.1 0.65

456 <0.5 ~0.5 14.8 ~0.5 2.19 c0.02 0.1 21.7

492 ~0.6 ~0.6 15.7 <0.6 2.34 c0.02 co.1 23.7

481 c0.5 ~0.5 2.3 c0.5 2.21 <0.02 0.1 0.24 1390 1400

605 ~0.6 ~0.6 3.6 ~0.6 2.86 c0.02 c0.1 0.68

I .84 c0.02 co.1 18.9

I080 12101

'HC mglL "HT mglL

'HC = Hardness. Ca + Mg 'WT = Hardness, Total

1420 14301

NIA N/A

1190 13401

NlA NlAI

NIA

N/AI

N/A=NatAnalyzed

Pilot Plant Testina the Hiah Densitv Sludge Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment Britannia Beach. British Columbia
Solution Analvsis bv ICP
Element

Test BMHDS-I1 (12 Hours) Clarifier Overflow Feed

Dissolved

Total

Dissolved

Ag AI As

B
Ba Be Ca Cd Co Cr Cu Fe

mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL

co.01I 42.4 ~0.05 0.02 0.010 0.003 105 0.169 0.056 0.021 67.8 39.9 0.4 47.5 2.92 co.01 2.9 0.05 0.1 c0.05 302 0.14 ~0.05 18.8 c0.05 0.291 0.013 co.01 27.0 457 8401

co.01 45.1
co.06

I co.01I

Total

0.0 0.01 1

0.84 ~0.05 0.06 0.002

co.01 0.86 c0.06 0.06 0.002

0.003 111 0.17 0.06 co.006 73.1 41.1 0.4 49.2 3.12
co.01

0.007 0.007 542 541 ~ 0 . 0 0 5 co.006 ~ 0 . 0 0 5 ~0.006 <0.005 CO.006

K
Mg Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb
S Sb Se Si Sn

~0.005 0.02 0.5 26.7 0.015

CO.01 2.6 C0.02 0.1 ~0.05 371 <0.05 ~0.05 0.1 1 10.05 1.01 <0.002 co.01 0.169 1460 14701

0.302 0.843 0.4 26.5 0.027

<0.01 2.6 c0.02

2.7 0.05 0.1 0.12 337 0.17

c0.1 c0.06

396
c0.06

~0.06
19.8
co.06

~0.06
0.18 c0.06 1.03 <0.002 c0.01 0.584 NIA N/AJ

mglL Sr Ti V

Z n

0.312 0.013 co.01 26.8 NlA NA I~

'HC mglL "HT mglL

*HC = Hardness,Ca + MgWA-NotAnalyzed "HT = Hardness, Total

(L &

-35

Engineering

I I-

Pilot Plant Testing the High Density Sludge Process of Britannia Mine AMD Treatment RESIDUE AND COMBUSTION ASH ANALYSISBY ICP
Clarifier Underflow Solids
BMHDS-1 BMHDS-2
BMHDS-4 BMHDS-3 BMHDS-7 BMHDS-6 BMHDS-9 BMHDS-10 BMHDS-5 BMHDS-8

Iement uglg Ag AI %

1 ; :; :;
Be uglg

~ 2 0 <0.4 6.32 7.30 94 90 <5 8

c80

<20 3.54 40

Ca

; 1 E; : I I 1 I : : 1 2 :: ;:
Cu

% Cd uglg

96
% % % %

Fe

g ; Mn

Mo uglg Na % uglg Ni P ug/g Pb uglg

S %

2 13.5 8.16 44 12 7 148 5 4 54 0.69 3.95 '4:23 1.87 2.39 3.04 ~0.02 ~0.01 ~0.02 0.60 3.41 4.13 5.00 40 .1 1.15 1.17 0.70 0.84 8 <20 1.60 0.05 c20 cO.01 100 8 9

1 0 8.03 207 170 1 6

NIA

4 6 10.8 2 3 1 206

e200

N/A

200

3.47

99 N/A

Sb uglg

30 6

14
NIA NIA <2

Se

uglg

uglg Si

230 3580

ug/g Ti

20 -20

40 .1

400 <2 42 .0

13.0 1 . 13.4 1 4 3 4 4 9 55 1 0 50 3 6 152 95 38 94 7 40.03 0.50 0.67 ,0.45 eO.02, 3.47 21 . 2.88 2.90 1 3.66 3.00 29 . 3 2.19 0.60 0.63 0.76 0.79 2.39 2.28 2.69 3.48 3.63 0.44 0.70 0.62 0.63 0.43 0.65 0.69 0.71 2 1 1 5 <20 c20 <20 <20 2 0 <20 c20 1.71 3.22 6.82 6.73 3.26 2.14 3.36 c0.02 1.76 90 900 8 80 40 56 5 9 760 1 0 0 6 <200 <200 <200 ~ 2 0 0 7300 61 80 ~200 9500 9880 <200 450 325 100 200 470 90 380 180 180 125 4.11 0.19 5.84 0.19 NIA N/A 0.31 4.63 3.88 4.35 NIA 4 0 100 40 100. 40 100 NIA 100 280 NIA NIA <80 C80 <80 <80 40 ~ 8 0 40 40 1500 1 1 80 NIA NIA 1810 2150 1700 1600 2010 1700 40 NIA NIA 40 4 0 40 c80 40 <80 e80 485 726 483 537 630 586 561 631 340 230 656 2248 2319 1050. 310 33 1280 1700 1330 1240 2318 70 70 69 70 c20 7 0 7 60 1 50 60 0.98 B.36 1.13 2.49 >1.0 2.58 4.99 1.15 1.36 WHOLE ROCK ANAmSSi~~Cu bv AA 8 Zn I 45 34 91 40 3 425
Clarifier UnderflowSolids

<20 c20 7.66 3.27 NIA c80 485 430 462 2 1 13.5 14.2 34 37 32 64 0.54 .8 4.64 0 4 2.58

2.5 3.48 4.14

<80

<20
<80

<20 3.71
<80

Combustion Ash P.Catch TopASh 2.5 c20 <20 <20

3.86 3.96 c80 -2 c2= 8.65 9.97 3 9 53 110 0.56 3.55 3.00 0.75 0.79

1.96

3.82
NIA

40
387
<2

560 2

467 <2 8.75

540 515
0.5

Combustion Ash

BMHDS-1 BMHDS-2 6 K - 3

BMHDS-7 BMHDS-6 BMHDS-5BMHDS-10 P.Catch TopASh BMHDS-4 BMHDS-9 EMHDS-8

% Si02

8.14

00 .1
% Fe20: % MnO
% CaO

9.10 0.00 37 .8 1.34

% Na20 % P205

6.75 12.97 01 .2

131 ..9

% Total cu %

00 .1 01 .0 00 .1 34.29 81.65 4.08 E4.81

0.02 32.99 82.11 E 4.51 E50 .1

33.63 0.23 0.50 0.64 7.23 9.72 4 9.55 6 7 .9 8 .4 7.61 9.39 7.48 13.75 3.49 4 5.48 .0 0 4.72 4.59 3.52 38 .1 0.50 1.3i 1.35 3.68 6.11 6.06 6.17 8.27 7.36 15.42 19.11 20.44 21.02 19.75 14.46 9.49 74.88 .8 1 0.03 0.27 1.25 0.91 0.87 1.23 0.81 2.24 0.01 0.00 0.05 .2.99 1 .5 1 29 1 1 4 2. 2.20 2.92 2 1 . 12.36. 8 0.14 0.05 N/A 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 NIA NI 0.04 0.01 0.04 18.79 23.15 23.15 14.36 13.23 13.92 13.23 19.06 31.87 20.61 94.43 98.06 89.68 89.19 89.40 82.01 0.55 NIA 0.67 N/A 0.47 0.43 0.63 NIA 0.45 E 3.90 1.11 0.96 1 2.62 NIA .1 4 E 4.48 2.42 2.38 2.57 1.01 22.97 0.29 0.27 0.01 0.27 6.88 14.01 14.09 4.46 23.34 23.05 8.57
'Fe203 is Total Fe as Fe203

NlA=Not I ialyzed

E=exceeds calibration

APPENDIX D ACUTE LETHALITY TEST RESULTS

I I I 1

,
a

ACUTE LETHALITY TEST USING RAINBOW TROUT (LC50 AND LT50) REPORT FORM/ ANALYST LOG
Collator

EnvironmsntCansda Pacific EnvironmentalSdenm Centre (PESC)

25/53 -90 I

Aquatic Tox*dogy Sd sh 2645 D o H a ~ i o n Nom Vancouver British Columbir. V7H 1VZ

m..

csw

I 1
1

I
I I 1 I
1
r
I
DILUTION WATER
SOURCE DILUTNS

B'FRESH

WAER

a SALT WAER
FISH S

/oo SALlNlN

JPESC WLL MEASURED BY

'

0 DECHLORINAED MUNICIPAL

BURRARD INLET

F
Rainbow Tmut (Ommhynchus Mykiss)

L G H T
Cl VOLUME

I/&-/OLESAMPLE

OmrsamOni used:

0 ACTIVE INGREDIENT

Source

Description of Test Conditions

All testing is done in environmental moms separate horn the fish holding facilii. The m m photoperid and temperalum. as w l o ' e as the walerdelNefy temperatures.am computer controlled. 10 g a b allglass aquaria coveredwith smoked plexglas l i s am used
as lest vessels.

Aention:

Oil free compressed air is delivered lo the test concentrations at a rate of 6.5 f 1 mUUmin by means of
disposable borosilicate glass pasteur pipets.

Protocol Used
Tests are Performed following, where appropriate, the biological test methods, Report 1/RM/9 (July 1990) and Report EPS EPS I / R M / l I (July 1990). amended May 1996.

ANALYSIS RESULTS

96 Hr (Slatic) LC50 is ~ O / , concentration confidence 95% limits The medianlethal concentration (Le.. the concentration of materialin water that is eslimated be lelhal to 50% of the test lo organisms) over an exposure period 96 houfs of
96 Hr (Slatic) LT50 I s a1 concentration 95% confidence limits Period ofexposure estimated cause 50% morlalily in a groupof fish heldin a particular test solution. to

The statistical method was used COmpUter program used to generate,(he result

Stephan (Melhods for Calculating anLC50 in: Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation. ASTM. 1977). concentration 95% conmence limits

Reference toxicant
'

96 Hr L C ~ O

8.6 my1L

Chemical used Phenol Date of test A P T . , Geometric mean LC50andwarnmg llmlts (+/-2SD)

%L

9. t

(13.2 - 5 . 0 )
I

m 3l L

Variances Protocol

8-

Notes

status o control fish f

0e-nA.

Analyst
Results verified b

Da e t
Date

e,
AQLL

? /in4 /q=i

mncentrations
~

. revised March 1997

penon minutes

-I l

. .

ACUTE LETHALlh' E S T USING RAINBOW TROUT (LC50AND LT50) REPORT FORMI ANALYST LOG
cottator (PESC)

0
r

c,

EnvironmentCanada Pacific Envimnnmntrl Scicnm Can-

ZGT? l o I

&

CSRX

SOURCE

0 DECHLORINATED MUNICIPAL

'

0 BURRARD INLET

& A
U VOLUME

DILUTIONS MEASURED BY

E SAMPLE

=w b 'o

Tmut (Oncomynchur Mykiss) U Othersalmonid used:

0 INGREDIENT ACTIVE

Source

Sf&,il

u,JJed

SAY

LOADING DENSITY

FORK LENGTH

RANGE

0
Description of Test Conditions
All testing is done environmental rooms separate in from the fish holding facilily. The rooms' photoperiod and temperature. as well as the Water delivery temperatures, are computer conlmlkd. 10 gallon r&glassaquaria covered withsmoked Plexiglaslids are used as test vessels.

Aeration:

Oil fne compressed air is delivered to the test concentrations at a rate of 6.5 f 1 mlRlmin by meansof disposable borosilicateglass pasteur pipets.

I 1 I
1 4

Tests arepelformed fOllowi~g. where appropriate, the biological test methods, Report Rl EPSM // S llRW13 (July 1990). amended May 1996.

(July 1990) and Report EPS

ANALYSIS RESULTS
96 Hr (Static) LC50 is concentratJon 95% confidence limits The median lethal concentration (i.e.. the concentrationof material in water that isestimated lo be lethalto 50% of the test organisms) over an exposure periodof 96 hours

,no

"A

at k c o n c e n t r a t i o n 95% confidence limits 96 Hr (Static) LT50 is Period of exposure estimated to cause 50% mortality in a group of fish held a particulartest solution. in
The statistical method used was

7& h t+ '

Reference
Chemical used Date of test

9.16 + # ,
\

omcentralion

95% confdence limits

dd8 - 13- + L

J.
Protocol Variances

. r- 13. a

y/.

~u
~

Date
Results verified b

b%+q

"

7 /997

Date

mbi

/ 1497

hncentrations' revised March

997

penon minutes

,
I

ACUTE L E T H A U h E S TUSING RAINBOW TROUT (LC50AND LT50) REPORT FORM/ LOG ANALYST

EnviroMnntcmPacific Environmsnhl S&nmCemo (PESG) Aquatic Toxicology Scdion 2645 Dollarton NOM Vancouwr
British Columbii. v7n 1vZ

Hy w.

SAMPLE PREPARATION DILUTION

'
TEMP

4TER

HARDNESS

14
BIOASSAY

400

TEMPERATIJRg

DENSrPl

o r
OAGIUAL

or
See data sheet (Attached)

See data sheet (Attached)

Test Log
OBSERVAllON CODES EPSlRUR

4 1 I

I 1
I I I

,.
1.33 hr
2.67 hr

..
1.:

P Erratic
Q Gyrating

5.33 hr

Skittering

Description of Test Conditions

A testing is done in environmental manr separate fmm the fih holdingfacility. The moms'pholopemdand temperature. as w l M el as the water delivery temp.sntures. computer controllad. 10 gallon am a&glass aquaria covered with smoked Plexiglas lids are used as test vessels.
Aeration:

O free compressed air i delivered to the testconantrations at rate of 6.5 i mllllmin by means of i l s a 1 disposable borosilicate glass Pasteur pipets.

Protocol Used
Tests are performed following. where appropriate. the biological methods. Repolt EPSM (July 1990) and Report EPS test R1 ll 9 1IRW13 (July 1990). amended May 1996.

ANALYSIS RESULTS
96 Hr (StaUc) LC50 is ,'?6+ ' h S l > , 0.f /OD concsntraUon 95% wnfdence limits conceritration(i.e.. the concentralion of material in water that is estimated to be lethal to 50% of the test The median lethal of 96 organisms) over an exposure period houn
96 Hr (Static) LT60 is 0 I 6 at a c o n c e n t n t i o n 95% confidence limits Period of exposure estimated u u s e 50% morlali4y in a group of fish held in a parfwlartest solulion. to

&f

$4

The stalislical melhod used was

to Computer program used generate-the result: Slephan (Methods for Calculating an LC50 in: Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation, ASTM. 1977).

Reference toxicant 96 Hr LCSO

Chemical used Date of test mean Geometric

9.i 6 7 / / .

concentration 95%

confdence limits

7..nn I

3 -13.2

y// .

Protocol Variances

Notes

Analyst
Results verified b

Date
Date

/)kw

7. /997

MAAfi%/c& t #wneentrations 6

u-

revised March 1997

penon minutes

920

ANAL1519 REPORT AND DlllEHZOFURANS POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOX~NS

CLIENT SAM?LE I.D.: ~7104)~ Apr25/37 1630 Mtannta
AXYS FILE S702-01 LI

DATE: CLIENT: Envlronrnanr Canad. SAMPLE TYPE Eflluonr GAMPLE 61ZE 0.09 L

11/Jun/07
METHOD NO.: DX-EQ1IVer.z

INSTRUMCHT: GC-HRMS

CONCU(TRATl0N I N pglL

DSO
11 1400
41

I .5 1.5
1.5

1.5

I !

940

30

s 3
59

30 . 3.0 3.0
3.0

270 140

s.0
5.0

WCDD Told

07

8.0

2,3.76. TCDD mas (umlng NATO I - T E ~ )

2.3.7.S 13C-TICDF 1SC.T4CDD OC-WCDF 11C-PSCDD laGH6CDF 13C.H6CDD
I~C-WCDP

- TCDD TEas (ND-II2

DL) =

80.4 p@L

2,3,7,8. TCDb-TEQS

(ND-0) =

80.3 ps/L

..

15C.H7CDD 73C.wCDD

I.

I I 1

ANALYSIS REPORT POLYCHLORINATED DlENZODlOXlNSAND DIBENTOFURANS CLIENT SAMPLE

I.D.:97.04.10 S7-2

Brlunnla h e h PllDt PIMt

AXYS FL : IE

e702.02 LI

CLIENT: Envlrrnmmt Canada SAMPLC m P E Eflluenl SAMPLE SIZE 0.-

Dl-

11IJunle7

METHOD NO.: DX-E02N.r.2

INSIRUYEHT: GC-HRMS

CDNCENTRATlON IH: ps/L

mnbaUon

Dloxlna

(SDL)

FUr.n.

Concantradon

P L )

3.5

720
100

1.5
I .5
2.0 2.0 2.0
3.0

3.5
3.6
1.5

300 26
31

3.5

130

3.5 3.5
3.5

17
13

3.0

3.0
3.0

NOR 18

NO
73
26 26 NO

3.0

5.0
5.0 5.0

7.5

OICDD- Tolml

140

8.0

NO

0.0

.x Resorry
13C-T4CDF lDGT4CDD ISC-PSCDF 13C-PSCDD
11C4i6CDF

2.3.7.6

- TCDD E O #(Ualnp NATO I-TEF-)

=
c

2,3,7,8 .TCDDlEOs DL) (NO-112 58 53 54

49

67.4 pglL 67.2 Pg/L

2,3,7.0 -TCDD TEO. (NOLO)

1aC-HICDD 1C.H7CDF lfGH7CDD laC-~CDD

'

82 70 58

44
30

ANALYSIS R6PORT pOLYCHLORINAM DIBENZODIOXlNSAND DlBENZONRANb SAMPLE CLIENT I.D.: Prossdural Blank AXYS F DX-E-BLK lE71 Ut I E
DArr: 1rlJunl97
METHOD NO.: DX.E.02/Vu.Z

CLIENT: Envlronm-1 Canada SAMPLE TfPE: Blank SAMPLE SI=

1 ML

INSTRUMENT: GGHRMS

CONCENTRATION I N ppR

DlO.ln*

ConcmlrmUon

(SDL)

Rm v m

'

CacnbaUm

@DL)

TLCDD T d d 1.5 a zm PSCDD 1d.I 1,z3,7b

ND ND ND

1.5

ND ND ND NO ND
5.3

2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 2.0

3.0
3.0

ND ND NO ND H7CDD l o h l 1.2.3I.P.rC

3.0 3.0 30 .

30 . 30 .

ND

5.0 5.0

ND NO ND ND

7.0 7.0
7.0 17

WCDD Told

NDR 27

17

lJGT4CW 13GT4CDD r5C-PSCDF 13C-PSCDD 1OC-HCCDF

IJGHSCDD

80
63

51

sa
72

m
54 56 28

lSCeH7CDF 1SC.MCDD 1JG01CDD

.-

...

ANALIS18 REPORT POLYCHLORINATED DIBCNZOMOXlNS ANDDIBENZORIRANS

SAMPLE CUENT

I.D.: Splk-d Mdrlx

AXYS F I E DX-E-SPM 798 LI

D A e lllJunP7

CLIEM: E n v l r a m w l Canada

SAMPLE TYPE E f f l u m SAMPLE SIP: 1.00 L

METHOD NO.: DX.E.OZAIar.2 INSTRUMENT: GGHRMS CONCENTRATIONIN: pp/L

Dlculn*

Dnumln.d

Expuld

WRroluy

Furuo

D.tamlnd

E1prI.d

YR.eorwy

18

04

1s

10

05

50

102

41

46
46

8S
OS

41

54 $2 50

65

44

40
46

06

84
71

43 32

s3

46 46

93 70 72

43

27 OICDD Told

46 A6

93
59

101 136

74

90

74

122

48
44

45
36

47
46

57
30
18

APPENDIX E

I I I I

CLARIFIER FEED SETTLING DATA & CURVES

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 14, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-IS1

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

I
SAMPLE Clarifier feedfrom Test BMHDS-1at 15 hours pH 9.5, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=l.005. Percent Solids=1.3

2. TEST CONDITIONS
I

FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.025% Addition (mglL) = 0.79

Settling size vessel (mUcm): 20.2 Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): 502.4 (9) weight Slurry Solids weight Dry (9) Final Height interface (mL)

500.0
6.7
60

3. COMMENTS Thickened Description: Pulp Supernatant Description:

.

Creamy-white Overflow clear with very low suspended solids Phase separation was immediate

4. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time(min)Volume imL) Heiaht (mm) Pulp Density

0.5
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

5
10 20 30 60 120

500 1.3 180 140 120 115 100 105 100 95 92 77 73 70 65 60

248 89 69 59 57

3.7 4.7

5.5
5.7 6.5 6.2 6.5 6.9 7.1 8.4 8.9 9.3 9.9 10.7

50
52

50
47 46 38 36 35 32 30

!FEJ,

Engineering

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 15, 1997 Tested By: Sohan S. Basra Test I.D.: BMHDS-IS2

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

I
SAMPLE Clarifier feedfrom Test BMHDS-1 at 25 hours pH 9.6, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=l.OlO, Percent Solids=1.6

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
Settling vessel sue (rnucrn): 20.2 FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): 505.1 (g) weight Slurry Concentration = 0.025% 8.0(9) Solids weight Dry 1.35 Addition (mg/L) = Final Height interface (mL)

500

65

3. COMMENTS

I
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Light brown lw o Overflow clear with very suspended solids Phase separation was immediate

4. SElTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (rnin) Volume fmL) Heiaht (mm) Pub Density

0 0.5 1 2

5
10 20 30 60 90 120 180

500 225 160 150 130 90 85

248 Il l 79 74

64
45 42 37 35 34 32 32

75
70 68 65 65

1.6 3.5 4.8 5.2 5.9 8.4 8.9 10.0 10.7 10.9 11.4 11.4

I (

Engineering

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 15. 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-2S1

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

II
I

SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-2 at 13 hours pH 9.8, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=I.O17. Percent Solids=2.1

2. TEST CONDITIONS FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol 4 0 Concentration= 0.0125% Addition (mglL) = 3.50

Settling size vessel (mUcm): (mL): Undecanted vol. slurry (9) weight Slurry Dry Solids weight (9) Final Height interface (mL) 100

20.2 500 508.6

10.5

3. COMMENTS Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Goldenbrown Ovetflow had fine suspended solids for first hour Phase separation was quick but immediately complete not

4. SElTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (minl Volume fmL) Heiaht (mm) PUID Denbily

455 315 280 255 230 220 205 155 145

156 9 26

14

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 119 3 3.5 4 5 10 20 30 60 59 120

2.1 500 375

248 225 186

2.3 2.7 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.9 6.4 6.8 7.3 8.2

240 109 101 77 72 67 50

135 120 9.7 100

,'

Engineering

SEHLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 17, 1997 Tested By: Sohan S.Basra Test ID.: BMHDS-2S2

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS SAMPLE Clarifier feedfrom Test BMHDS-2 at 27 hours pH 9.5, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=l.O14, Percent Solids=2.1

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mglL Slurry 4.58

Settling vessel size (mUcm): 20.2 Undecanted vol. 500 slurry (mL): weight Slurry (9) 507.2 10.5 Solids weight (9) Dry Final Height interface(mL) 83

3. COMMENTS

I
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description:
I

I
Golden brown 5 Overflow very clear after minutes
I

4. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

I
0 0.5 I 2 3 5 10 20 30 60 120 150 180
500 400 325 255 4.0 225 200 160 6.3 148 135 7.4 120 8.3 90 10.8 85 83 248 198 161 126 111 99 79 73 67 59 45 42 41 2. I 2.6 3.2 4.5 5.1 6.8

I I I I

11.4 11.6

"

',':4=?JL Engineering

K rZ ,c , -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

SElTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 17, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-2S3

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

SAMPLE Clarifier feedfrom Test BMHDS-2 at39 hours pH 9.4, Temperature 15"C, Specific Gravity=1.016, Percent Solidsr2.2

2. TEST CONDITIONS FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mglL Slurry 4.92

Settling size vessel (mUcm): 20.2 Undecanted slurry vol. (mL): Sluny weight (9) Dry Solids weight (9) Final Heiaht interface ImL)

500 508.1
11.1

87

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description:
L

Golden brown Overflow clear after 10 minutes

1. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (min) Volume (mL) Heiaht (mm) Pulp Density

325 290 250

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 5 10 20 30 60 120 180

500 455 2.4 2.9 380

248 225 18% 161 144 105

2.2

3.3 3.7

212 167 135 115 100 90 87

83
67 57 50 45 43

5.0 6.3 7.8 9.0 10.3 11.3 11.7

L - Engineering ~

--.. .

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 18, 1997 Tested By: Sohan S. Basra Test I.D.: BMHDS-2S4

SAMPLE Clarifier feedfrom Test BMHDS-2 at 48 hours pH 9.4, Temperature 13T, Specific Gravity=l.015, Percent Solids=2.4

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
Settling size vessel (mUcm): 20.2 FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): 507.5 (9) weight Slurry Concentration = 0.0125% Solids weight Dry (9) Addition (mglL Sluny 5.00 Final Height interface (mL)

500
12.0

80

3. COMMENTS

I
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description:
I

1
Black OverRow clear after 8 minutes
1

4. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (rnin) Volume
(rnU

Heqht (rnrn) Pub DensQ

235 205 165

100 83 80

0 0.5 1 1.5 3 5 10 20 30 59 45 60 120 180 210

2.4 500 400 3.7 315 290 4.9

248 198 156 144 116

2.9 4.0 5.6

135 120 105 10.7

05

67 52 50 42 41

8.4 9.4 11.2 13.0 13.3

SETTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Tested By: Test Date: April 18. 1997 K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS9Sl

SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-3I 1 hours at pH 9.5, Temperature 15"C, Specific Gravity=l.008, Percent Solids=1.2

2. TEST CONDITIONS Seffling size vessel (mUcm): 20.2 FLOCCULANT Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO 504.2 (9) weight Slurry Concentration = 0.0125% Dry Solids weight (g) Addition(mglLSlurry 1.59 Final Height interface (mL)

500
5.9

52

3. COMMENTS

I
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Golden brown Overflow clear after 3 minutes

4 . SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (mini Volume (mL) Heiaht (mm) Pub Density

130 120

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

3 47 5 10 31 30 28 60 90 120 150

500 1.8 330 180 3.2 145

248 163 89 72

1.2

64
112 95 55

77 8.8

4.0 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.9 7.3 9.6 10.0

10.5

63 57

55

27

53 52

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT

Test Date: April 21, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS4SI

I. INITIAL CONDITIONS
SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS4 at 11 hours pH 8.6, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=l.007, Percent Solids=2.0

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
Settling vessel sue (mUcrn): 20.2 FLOCCULANT Undecanted vol. 500 slurry (mL): Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO 503.6 (9) weight Slurry Concentration = 0.0125% Dry Solids weight (9) Addition(mglLSlurry 1.01 Final Height interface (mL)

10.0

52

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow mainly clear after 8 minutes, however some very fine, lighter coloured suspended solids were visible for about Ihour

1. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (min) Volume (mL) Heiaht (mml Pulp Oensity

2.0 3.9 115 105 10.4 12.0 65 62 57 18.0 52

248 0 0.5 124 1 1.5 2 463 40 5 12 20 30 60 26 120 180

500 250 135

67

7.2

93 80 32 15.7 60 52 30 16.5 14.6

SETTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 22, 1997 Tested By: Sohan s.Basra Test I.D.: BMHDS4S2

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-I at 21 hours pH 8.6, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=l.O25. Percent Solids=3.8

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-10 Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (rnglLSlurry 1.83

Seffling vessel sue (mUcm): Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): (9) weight Slurry Solids weight Dry (9) Final Height interface(mL)

20.2 500 512.7 19.3 70

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow mainly clear after minutes, howeversome very fine 10 lighter coloured suspended solids remained.

Time (rnin) Volume (mL) Heiaht (mm) Pub Densily

0 0.5 I

500 3.8 160 11.2

248 79
67

14.5

59 2
3 50 5

22.023.3

10 20 37 30
60

120 35 180

135 120 110 100 19.8 85 80 75 23.3 70 70 70

13.1 15.7 17.1 20.8 23.3

54

42
40

35
35

SElTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

gQ &
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 22, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-IS3

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

I
SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-I at 33 hours pH 8.7. Temperature 13"C, Specific Gravity=1.028, Percent Solids=3.9

2. TEST CONDITIONS
I

Settling size vessel (mUcm): 20.2 FLOCCULANT Undecanted vol. 500 slurry (mL): Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO 514.1 (9) weight Slurry Concentration = 0.0125% Dry Solids weight (9) Addition (mglL Slurry 2.87 Final Height interface (mL)

20.3 80

3. COMMENTS Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow mainly clear after 10 minutes, however some very fine suspended solids were visible for -45 minutes.

1. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time Win)

Volume (mL) Hsiaht tmml Pub Dsntity

143 125

0 0.5 I 155I .5 2 3 5 10 20 30 60 120 180

500 240 180 10.5. 12.0

107 16.8 93 87 20.1 84 20.9 83 80 80

248 I19 89 77 71 62 53 46 43 42 41 40 40

3.9 8.0

12.9 14.6

19.0
20.7 21.6 21.6

.-

"
L " -

~.

SEllLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Tested Sohan By: Test Date: April 23, 1997 S. Basra Test I.D.: BMHDMS4

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

I
SAMPLE Clarifier feed from TestBMHDS-I at 44 hours pH 8.5, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=1.034, Percent Solids=4.8

2. TEST CONDITIONS

FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mglL Slurry 2.44

Settling vessel sue (mUcm): Undecanted slurry vol. (mL): (g) weight Slurry Solids weight (9) Dry Final Height interface(mL)

20.2 500 517.2 24.7

78

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow mainly clear afterminutes, howeversome very fine 4 suspended solids were visible for about I hour.

4. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time(minl Volume (mL) Height (mm) Pub Dsnsity

4.8 180 160 145

85 85

248 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 57 5 47 10 20 30 60 120

500

135 125 115 110 95

72 67 62
54

15.2 16.2 17.4 18.7 19.4 22.0 24.2 25.4

80 25.9 78

40 39

SElTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 23, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-5SI

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS
SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-512 hours at pH 9.0, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravily=1.030, Percent Solids=3.5

2. TEST CONDITIONS
I

FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-10 Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mglL Slurry 0.94

Settling vessel sue (mUcm): Undecanted slurry vol. (mL): (9) weight Slurry Solids weight (9) Dry Final Height interface (mL)

20.2
500

515.1 17.9 67

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description:
'

Black Overflow mainly clear after minutes, however some very fine 2 suspended solids were visible -1 hour. for

4. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time(min) Volume (mLI Height ImmI Pulp Denrity

0 0.5 1

113 103 93 85 75 70 70 68 67 67

1.5 2 3 4
5

500 3.5 9.2 180 135 11.9 14.0 15.2 16.6

82

248 89 67 56 51 46 42 41

17.9 18.4,

10 20 30 60 120 180

SEllLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

gJ!Q
AprilDate:Test ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Tested Sohan By:

1997 24,
S. Basra Test I.D.: BMHDS-5S2

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS
I

SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDSQ20 hours at pH 9.0, Temperature 15C. Specific Gravity=l.O24, Percent Solids=3.4

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mglL Slurry 1.05

Settling size vessel (mUcm): Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): Slurry weight (9) Solids weight (9) Dry
Final intarfar* Haioht (mL\

20.2
500

512.2 17.4
60

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description:

Black 10 OverRow mainly clear after minutes, howeversome very fine 1 suspended solids were visible after hour.

4. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (min) Volume tmLI Heiaht (mm) Pulp Density

0 0.5 1

500 3.4

90

1.5 2
3 375

14.8 105 100 17.0

85

248 52
50

15.5 17.9 20.0 21.2 22.5 22.5 23.1 24.1

18.9 80 75
70 65

45 42 40 35 32 30

10 20 32 30 31 60 120

65 63
60

SETTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 25, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-GSI

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS
SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-6 at 6 hours pH 9.6, Temperature 14C. Specific Gravity=l.021, Percent Solidsr2.9

2. TEST CONDITIONS FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% 1.76 Addition (mglL) =

Settling size vessel (mUcm): Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): 510.5 (9): Slurry weight Solids weight Dry (9): Height (rnL): Final interface

20.2 500 14.6 57

3. COMMENTS Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow mainly clear after 10 minutes, however some very fine suspended solids were visible for minutes. 20

SETLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (min) Volume (mU HeiQht (mm) Pub Density

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 60 120

500 140 105 90 83 75 70 67 63 60 60 58 57

248 69 52 45 41 37 35 33 31 30 30 29 28

2.9 9.7 12.6 14.5 15.6 17.1 18.1 18.8 19.9 20.7 20.7 21.3 21.6

, ."

?__

Engineering

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATiONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT
pi Test Date: A rl 25, 1997 Tested By: Sohan S. Basra Test I.D.: BMHDS-7SI

I. INITIAL CONDITIONS

SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-7 hours at 3 pH 8.9, Temperature 15C. Specific Gravity=1.017, Percent Solids=2.9

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mg/L Slurry 1.63

Seffling size vessel (mUcrn): 20.2 Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): (9) weight Slurry (9) Solids weight Dry
Final Heiaht interface

500 508.4 14.5

56

(mL)

3. COMMENTS

I
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow clear after 20 minutes.

4. SETLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (mini V l m ImL) Heiaht (mm) Pub Dsnritg ou e

7.9 14.0 78 65 21.2

0 0.5 87 471 2 3 6 30 10 20 29 30 60 28 120

I

500 2.9 175 95 70 60 60 59 57 56

248

35 32

16.8 18.5 19.8 21.2 21.5 22.2 22.5

30
28

dE53& Engineering

-= =Y

SETTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 25, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDSJS2

I. INITIAL CONDITIONS

SAMPLE from Test BMHDS-7at 12 hours Clarifier feed pH 8.9, Temperature 15"C, Specific Gravity=1.017, Percent Solids=1.4

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
Settling size vessel (mUcm): FLOCCULANT (mL): Undecanted vol. slurry Type : A l l i d Colloids Percol E-IO 508.4 (9) weight Slurry Concentration = 0.0125% 6.9(9) Solids weight Dry Addition (mg/L Slurry 0.78 (mL) Final Height interface

20.2 500

30

3. COMMENTS

I
43 14.3

Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description:

Black Overflow clear after 20 minutes.

4. SElTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (mini Volume (mLI Heiaht (mmI Pub Dansily

15.9 16.7

30

0 0.5 1 1.5 202 2.5 19 3 5 17 16 10 20 60 120

500 65 50 40 38 38 35 33 18.0 30 30

248 32 25

I .4 9.4 11.8

19

14.9 14.9

15 15

18.0

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 29, 1997 Tested By: K. Tirnewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-8SI

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

I
SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-812 hours at pH 9.0, Temperature 14"C, Specific Gravity=1.015, Percent Solids=2.4

2. TEST CONDITIONS

I
Settling size vessel (mUcm): 20.2 FLOCCULANT Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO 508.4 (9) weight Slurry Concentration = 0.0125% 12.1 (9) Dry Solids weight Addition (mglL Slurry 0.48 Final Height interface(mL) 43

500

3. COMMENTS Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow clear after 30 minutes.

. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

T Irnin) Volume (mL) Hekaht (mm) Pulp DensiIy i m

16.9

0 0.5 74 1 15.4 I 35 .5 312 3 5 10 22 20 22 30 60 120

500 2.4 150 80 70 63 55 20.7 50 47 45 45

45 43

248 40 7.6 13.7

27 25 23

19.1 21.0 22.7 22.7 22.7. 23.5

22 21

- ' e : . Engineering

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 29, 1997 Tested By: Sohan S. Basra Test I.D.: BMHDS-8S2
1

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS
I

SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-8 23 hours at pH 8.9, Temperature 14C. Specific Gravity=l.021, Percent Solids~3.55

2. TEST CONDITIONS
FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mglL Slurry 0.92

Settling size vessel (mUcm): Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): Slurry weight (g) 18.1 Solids weight Dry (9) Final Height interface(mL)

20.2 500 510.5

50

3. COMMENTS

I
Thickened PulpDescriptiin: Supernatant Description: Black OverRow clear after2 hours

4 . SEITLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

rime (rnin) Volume (mL) Wmht tmrn) Pub Dens*

0
67
0.5 1 1.5 2 3 275 10 25 20 25 30 60 120

500 80 70 22.5 23.4 65 60 25.7 55 52 51 50

248 40 35 33 32 30

3.5 20.0

24.0 27.6 29.0 29.4 29.9 29.9 29.9

26

50 50

25 25

SETTLING TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 29, 1997 Tested By: K.Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-9S1

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS
SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-910 hours at pH 8.5. Temperature 14T, Specific Gravity-1.030, Percent Solids=4.2

2. TEST CONDITIONS

FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition(mglLSlurry 1.12

Settling size vessel (mUcm): Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): weight Slurry (9) Solids weight (9) Dry Final Height interface(mL)

20.2
500

515.2 21.7
56

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description: Black Overflow clear after minutes. 30

4. SETTLING DATA AND CALCULATIONS

Time (min) Volume (mL) Hebhl (mm) Pub Density

0
0.5 1 1.5 2 3 5 10 20 30

57

60
120
I

500 150 95 83 76 68 62 58 30.1 57 30.1 30.5 56 30.5 56

248 74 47 41 38 34 31 29 28 28 28 28

4.2 13.1 19.7 22.1 23.8 26.1 28.1 29.6

-=s
~

i C ? G 2

Engineering

SElTLlNG TEST DATA AND CALCULATIONS

CLlENT
ENVIRONMENT CANADA BRITANNIA MINE AMD TREATMENT Test Date: April 30, 1997 Tested By: K. Timewell Test I.D.: BMHDS-9S2

1. INITIAL CONDITIONS

SAMPLE Clarifier feed from Test BMHDS-9 at 18 hours pH 8.5, Temperature 14C. Specific Gravity=l.027. Percent Solids=3.9

1. TEST CONDITIONS
FLOCCULANT Type : Allied Colloids Percol E-IO Concentration = 0.0125% Addition (mg/L Slurry 2.18

Settling vessel (mUcm): size 20.2 Undecanted vol. slurry (mL): 513.5 (9) weight Slurry 19.9 (9) Dry Solis weight (mL) Final Height interface

500

52

3. COMMENTS
Thickened Pulp Description: Supernatant Description:
'

Black Overflow clear after 2 hours.

I

Time (min) Volume (mLI H s i h t (mm) Pulp Density

0 0.5 1 I .5 2 3 5 10 20 30 60 120

500 105 80 70 65 60 56 54 53 53 53 52

248 52 40 35 32 30 28 27 26 26 26 26

3.9 16.8 21.3 23.8 25.4 27.1 28.6 29.5 29.9 29.9 29.9 30.4

. " L

Engineering

Clarifier Feed Settling Curve Test BMHDS-1Sl

20

40

120 Time ( u . ) %t.

100

Figure 4.4.2

Clarifier Fwd Sefflina Curve Test BMHDS-lS2

I
' I

60

Time

120

Figure 4.4.3

'a
I
\

Engineering

Clarifier Feed Seltlina Curve Test BMHDS-251

20

40
"

60

80
.

100

120

Time (mlnutn)
~-

Figure 4.4.4

Clarifier Fwd Settling Curve Test BMHDS-2S2

30

60

Time

Figure 4.4.5

( 180 t . 120-~ %u., "

150

~,

' ,-

__ , -a :,
c

Engineering

Clarifier Feed Settllna Curve Test BMHDS-2S3

0
. "

30

60

150 w T i m (minutes)

120

180

Figure 4.4.6

Clarifier Feed Settllna Curve Test BMHDS-ZS4

30

90 120 T h o (minutm)

150

180

210

Figure 4.4.7

-e.& Engineering

"

Clarifier Feed Settlina Curve Test BMHDSJSI

f 8200.

-07 0

90

(1

30

60

120

150

Tlme (mlnutu)

Figure 4.4.8

Clarifier Feed Settlina Curve Test BMHDS4SI

30.

Clarifier Feed Settling Curve Test BMHDS4S2

400

100

30

60

Tim.

(anutes)

120

150

180

Figure 4.4.10

Clarifier Feed Settllna Curve Test BMHDS4S3

Clarifier Feed Settllna Curve Test B M H D S a

500 4

400 - .

z3L-a.

s 9200
A

40
" "

0
.

20

T i m (minut..)

60

80
.

loo
~

120
~.

Figure 4.4.12

Curve Settlina Feed Clarifier Test BMHDS-5Sl

500 4

400

I -

100I

0.

30

60

Time (minutes)

90

120

150

180

Figure 4.4.13

Clarifier Feed Settllna Curve l e s t BMHDSSSZ

0
0

20

40

80

TIM (minut..)

100

120

Figure 4.4.14

Clarifier F w d Settllna Curve lest BMHDS6Sl

1 I I

I
I I

100

r
0

,
~

20

40

Tlme (minutes)

60

80

100

120

I
~

Figure 4.4.15

4.

ClaMer F e d Settllna C u m Test BHHDS-'IS1

- !

*b

i
!

20

40

TIM @nut..)

80

100

120

Figure 4.4.16

Clarifier F e d Settlina C u m Test BMHDS"IS2

20

40

4 Time (minut..)

e 4

100

120

Figure 4.4.17
. " -.
- : - . ,

6 " .

,"_

Engineering

Clarifier Feed Settllna Cuwe Test BMHDS-SSl

500

400

100

0
0
20
.~

40

60 120 Time (minutm)

BO

100

Figure 4.4.18

Clarifier Feed Settling Curve Test BMHDSBS2

500

400

100

20

40

Time (minutes)

60

80

100

120

Figure 4.4.19

I
I
500

ClaMer Feed Settllna Curve TWt BMHDS-9Sl

I
1

400

I
I I I
100
0
20
40

60 T i m (mlnutos)

80

1W

120 '
.~

Figure 4.4.20
.. "

Clarifier Feed Settllna Curve Test BMHDS-9SZ

500

400 -

100

20

40

T i m (mlnutos)

60

120 80

100

Figure 4.4.21

Clarifier Feed Seltllna Curve Test BMHDS-IOSl

500

400

20

40

60

80

100

120

Time

(minutes)

Figure 4.4.22

Clarifier Feed Seltlina Curve Test BMHDS-1OSZ

~

500

400

z
m
1
~

3 300

g 200
100
A

!
i

40
~

80
100

0
..
" "
~

20

60
Time (minutn)
.

120
. ~

Figure 4.4.23

APPENDIX F FILTERING AND DRAINAGE TEST RESULTS

3
I I I

Dralnaae Sludae Underflow Clarifier

300
"

Tests

- PrecipiiatorCatch

Lime

'

I
100

"

10

20

40

50

60

Figure 4.3.5

Sludae Dninaae Test Data

Neutralizing Agent

S.G.

%Solids (Initial)

Solids Water Leachate (9) (9)

%Solids (Final) Collected (mL)

I I

Hydrated Lime Precipitator Catch Top Ash

1.135 617 36.1349 1.289

241

143

649 18.1 26.0 46.8 220 48.6 146

389

552

41.3