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Table of Contents
Level 1 - Choosing Your Research Topic............................................................................................................... 2 Level 2 Focusing the Topic.................................................................................................................................. 4 Level 2 Worksheet Focusing on Topic ................................................................................................................ 5 Level 3 Choosing the Research Question ............................................................................................................ 7 Level 3 Worksheet Choosing the Research Question .......................................................................................... 9 Level 4 Identify and Collect Sources ................................................................................................................. 12 Level 4 Worksheet Identify and Collect Sources .............................................................................................. 17 Level 5 Organize Your Research Materials ....................................................................................................... 18 Level 5 Worksheet Organize Your Research Materials ..................................................................................... 19 Level 6 Info and Worksheet Evaluating Your Sources ..................................................................................... 20 Level 7 Info and Worksheet Analyzing and Making Sense of Your Sources ................................................... 22 Level 8 Info and Worksheet Writing the Thesis and Introduction .................................................................... 25 Level 9 Info and Worksheet Creating the Outline ............................................................................................. 30 Level 10 Writing Your Body Paragraphs .......................................................................................................... 32 Level 10 Worksheet Writing Your Body Paragraphs ........................................................................................ 34 Level 11 Writing Your Research Paper ............................................................................................................. 35 Level 12 Building Your Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 37 Level 12 Worksheet Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 39
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Fill in as many of the following spaces regarding your research topic as you are currently able. (Feel free to use Wikipedia to fill out this basic information.) Broad Topic ___________________________________________________________ Time Span ____________________________________________________________ Geographic Area/Location ________________________________________________ Person or Group ________________________________________________________ Event or Aspect ________________________________________________________ Protest issue __________________________________________________________ Other relevant details ____________________________________________________ Search Strategy 1: identifying keywords, keyword phrases, and synonyms Keywords/ Phrases Synonyms
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In order to choose a specific topic that is right for you, you can follow these steps: 1. Think about your topic. What about that topic am I particularly interested in working through? 2. Think about your sources! If you are scared that you cant find much, this is a reason to shy away from a topic 3. What about the topic specifically interests me? What is it that I want to learn and teach others about? 4. Why does it matter? Why should anyone care about my topic or the question Im coming up with?
Ask questions about your general topic: Revolutions Example: What time period do I want my revolution to come from? Example: Do I want my revolution to be political, cultural or economic? Example: Do I want a revolution to be successful or a failure?
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Subtopics
Explanation of Subtopic
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Strategy #2: Ask questions about your general topic or subtopics Topics
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Here are some examples of good research questions from students in previous years: What is the role of youth leadership in Egypts revolution? What was the effect of Christianity on the Roman Empire? What were the effects of European colonization on the Native Americans? How has the Holocaust influenced how Germans are perceived and treated? How did some people in Africa react to European colonization? How did soccer develop in Brazil? What was the effect of the Cold War on the development of nuclear weaponry? How did graffiti art develop on the Berlin Wall? What was the influence of the original dream team on basketball development?
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Are you curious about what your history teachers wrote about in College? Examples of Focused Research Questions Long Papers Over 10 Pages How have recent British historians changed the way that the American Revolution is looked at from the British perspective? How does the Japanese educational system compare to the American system and what systematic tradeoffs are made based on cultural attributes? Who denies the Holocaust and why do they do it? How were Modern Middle Eastern Scholars attacked by neo-conservative and pro-Israel critics in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the Iraq War? What were the interactions between Christians and Muslims during the Middle Ages? How did Jewish immigrants to America navigate and create their identities? How is Science subjective and human-created and how does this affect the project of scientific exploration? What was the role of the London City Council in the establishment of the welfare-state of England? What was the effect of World War II on the religiosity of the British People? How is Hispanic or Latino identity created in the United States? SP Under 10 Pages How does history validate certain decisions by presidents to ignore the Constitution? How does Buddhism change depending on the region it is practiced in? How does the devotion towards the Virgin Mary affect the role of women in Spanish Harlem? How do different Jewish communities interpret the biblical verse Nehemiah 8:1-3 and why does this matter? How does Saul Friedlander's memoir present two different visions of Jewish identity? Why does the Ramayana have such a lasting influence? Special Edition High School 10th Grade - To what extent is American society affected by anti-intellectualism and how is this visible in popular culture? 11th Grade What were the effects of the atomic bomb being dropped on Hiroshima? 12th Grade What were the European Witch Hunts and what were their long term effects on perceptions of witchcraft today?
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Here are 3-5 thoughtful, on-topic, and interesting open-ended questions about my focused research topic NOTE: if you arent ready to complete this step, return to your research topic and learn more about it before you move on. There is no shame in thisyou want to get this right now, so you dont have to start over later.
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Now, which one of these questions will make a good RESEARCH QUESTION? REMEMBER, a good research question: Is an open-ended question Is an interesting question Is researchable Is not too broad, and not too narrow In the table below, there is a row of boxes for each of the questions you wrote. Put a checkmark in a box if you think that question meets that criterion. If you think that question does not meet a criterion, make a brief note in that box explaining why you think it does not.
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Question 1
Open-Ended
Interesting
Researchable
Look back through the results on your table. Which question fits most or all of the criteria for a good research question? Do you have a question that works? If you DO NOT, use the box below to think of questions you want to ask your teacher so that they can help you out!
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Does more than one of your questions meet all the criteria? Lucky you!! Write the question youre most interested in researching below and show it to your teacher My Research Question for the 2013 10th Grade Research Paper is. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
Use the space below to explain why it is a good research question and why you find it interesting
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Steps for: Basic Research and Finding Sources Step One: Create a chart to organize your basic information (Key People, Terms, Dates and Events) Step Two: Do a Google Search and check Wikipedia in order to fill out chart Step Three: Read enough about each term, person, or date to form a basic understanding of your topic and add this information to your chart Step Four: Use these terms to search for academic sources that can be cited in your research paper Step Five: Record each source on a Source Overview handout, including its MLA citation Step One: Create a chart to organize your basic information (Key People, Terms, Dates and Events)
Using either a Word Document or notebook paper, create the following chart in order to keep track of the information you discover in your research: People Basic Information
Terms
Basic Information
Basic Information
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Step Two: Do a Google Search and check Wikipedia in order to find Key Terms, People, Dates and Events
My topic is: the Occupy Wall Street Protests My research question is: What caused the Occupy Wall Street protests and how have they affected Americans ideas about social classes?
People The One Percent (1%) The Ninety-Nine Percent (99%) Terms Income Inequality
Basic Information
Basic Information
Basic Information
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Step Three: Read enough about each term, person, or date to form a basic understanding of your topic and add this information to your chart
My topic is: the Occupy Wall Street Protests My research question is: What caused the Occupy Wall Street protests and how have they affected Americans ideas about social classes?
Basic Information The richest Americans who control most of Americas wealth
The huge majority of people who control much less than the 1%
Basic Information The idea that the upper class makes way more money than everyone else
Basic Information The date of the first Occupy Wall Street Protest in New York City
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Step Four: Use these terms to search for academic sources that can be cited in your research paper
Use a search engine at an academically citable webpage (such as the New York Times website) to look for sources:
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Step Five: Record each source on a Source Overview handout, including its MLA citation
Source Overview
What is the title of this source? New York Times Topic: Occupy Wall Street Where did you access it? (include link if internet source) http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/ timestopics/organizations/o/occupy_wall_ street/index.html?8qa What kind of source is this? Newspaper accessed on the internet
What is the main topic of this source? This source gives a complete overview of Occupy Wall Street. It says that Occupy Wall Street was a movement in New York City where people with less money protested against the inequality of wealth possessed by the 1%.
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Each note card should only contain ONE piece of information, in order to make it easier to arrange your information later
Number each card with the same number as the source it comes from
Make sure to notate the page number where you found the information listed on the card.
The front of your notecards should list your name, your class period and the title of your source.
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Who created this information and why? Do you recognize this author or their work? What knowledge or skills do they have in the area? What else has this author written? Does the author acknowledge other viewpoints and theories?
Is the information objective or subjective? Are a balance of perspectives represented? Could the information be meant as humorous, a parody, or satire?
Where does the information originate? Is the information from an established organization? Is this a primary source or secondary source of information? Are original sources clear and documented? Is a bibliography provided citing the sources used?
Timeliness. Is the information current? Consider the currency and timeliness of the information.
Does the page provide information about timeliness such as specific dates of information? Does currency of information matter with your particular topic? How current are the sources or links?
Relevance. Is the information helpful? Think about whether you need this information.
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Does the information contain the breadth and depth needed? Is the information written in a form that is useable (i.e. reading level, technical level)? Is the information in a form that is useful such as words, pictures, charts, sounds, or video? Do the facts contribute something new or add to your knowledge of the subject? Will this information be useful to your project?
Efficiency. Is this information worth the effort? Think about the organization and speed of information access.
Is the information well-organized including a table of contents, index, menu, and other easy-to-follow tools for navigation? Is the information presented in a way that is easy to use (i.e., fonts, graphics, headings)? Is the information quick to access?
There are several copies of this document in your Sources Packet. Please make sure you use for each source you have. Once you are done, show it to your teacher and you are ready to move on! For Teachers use only
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Level 7 Info and Worksheet Analyzing and Making Sense of Your Sources
You need to understand: Your sources will guide you as you write your research paper. Your sources will be your answer to your research question. Before you begin working on your thesis statement and your paper outline, you must determine whether your sources will allow you to answer your research question and support your thesis with evidence AND that is why we are spending so much time working on knowing EXACTLY what our sources are doing and saying before we do ANY writing. My Current Research Question ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
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Sort and Rank In the boxes below, name, sort, and rank (from strongest to weakest, with strongest at top of chart) all your sources (secondary and primary) into three possible categories: (1) sources that are directly related to your research question. (2) sources that are useful, but indirectly related to your research question (e.g., will provide valuable background or context information in your research paper, but will not help you directly answer your research question). (3) sources that are not really related to, or not useful for, your research paper. Directly related sources Useful, but indirectly related, sources Not related/ not useful sources
Choose a different color highlighter to represent each of the three categories above. Looking back through your note cards, highlight the source from each note card to symbolize how useful that note card is in answering your research question. Once you are finished, you can remove those note cards that are not useful for answering your question and set them aside.
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Organize Now that you have refined your sources and are focusing on those note cards that are the most useful for answering your question, organize your note cards into related stacks. Identify the major theme/ topic that each stack of note cards has in common: 1. _________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________ Evaluate In your opinion, which of the following best describes your situation? Circle your answer. (1) I am confident that my current sources will allow me to answer my research question and support it with evidence as I write my research paper. I am ready to begin organizing my ideas and outlining my research paper. (2) I believe that my current sources will partly allow me to answer my research question. To answer it fully, I need to collect a few more strategic resources to close the gaps in my research. (3) I believe that my current sources will probably not allow me to answer my original research question; I think need to revise my research question and/ or collect more sources before I can begin planning my paper outline. Explain your answer below
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If yes, good for you! Move on to writing your introduction paragraph. If no, use the questions below to guide your thinking. o Are there other related sources you havent investigated that might help you answer your research question? If so, repeat the steps for Layers 4-6 to help you analyze the information you find in these additional sources. (theres a good chance youll be able to find more information out there) o If not, review your research materials. Based on the information you identified in your note cards and the major themes you identified in Layer 7, how could you revise your research question to better fit the information you were able to find? In other words, come up with a new research question you could answer using the research materials youve collected. If you need to revise your research question, please use the space below
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Step 2: Answering your research question Now that you are confident that you have the materials needed to write an amazing paper, its time to start answering your research question by writing your thesis. Your thesis should directly answer the question and present your argument. Write your thesis (the answer to your research question) in the space below. Please remember, your thesis statement needs to have two components: it needs to answer the question and how it answers the question. Research Topic Question: What was the importance of Michael Jordan on the game of basketball? Thesis Statement: Michael Jordan was immensely important to the history of basketball. Through his talent and fame, he changed the way the game was marketed, how the game was played and made basketball one of the most popular sports in the world. Now, we can use a COMPOUND thesis statement (but only if you are comfortable: COMPOUND Thesis Statement: Michael Jordan changed the nature of international basketball, turning it from a game that was played in mostly the United States to an international juggernaut, whose sports stars are amongst the most recognized in the whole world. Thesis Statement
We, however, know that an introduction is not just a thesis statement. We need to be able to add in the following information: A) Our Background Information that is Necessary to understand our thesis B) Our information on how we are going to prove our thesis (usually the groupings) C) The Historical Significance of our topic or thesis
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Example of a Good Introduction Question: What was the importance of Michael Jordan on the game of basketball?
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It is impossible to separate to think about the NBA and international basketball without recognizing the
influence of Michael Jordan. As a rising young start, Michael Jordan was drafted into the NBA in 1984 and he never looked back. Jordan would become arguable the greatest player to play basketball. He had one of the highest scoring averages in the leagues history, several dunk contests and retired as a sixtime NBA champion. Even today, he is often referred to with an air of royalty His Airness and many consider him the bar that all other players must clear the G.O.A.T, or Greatest of All Time. 2.
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Michael Jordan was immensely important to the history of basketball. Through his talent and fame, he
changed the way the game was marketed, how the game was played and made basketball one of the most popular sports in the world. 3.
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His talent allowed the NBA to market him and future generations of players as individual athletes,
rather than just as members of a team. His fast paced style and ability to individually break down a defense led to a new generation of players that sought to drive to the basketball and score many points. Combined, they took basketball from a small time sports league in the United States to an international spectacle, culminating in events such as the 1992 Dream Team. 4.
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One cannot tell the history of one of the most popular sports in the history of the world without
discussing the rise of Michael Jordan and his legacy on the game.
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Background Information Thesis Statement 3 Explanation of Our Evidence (our method) 4 Historical Significance/Relevance YES Prep Public Schools World History Research Paper Page 27
Thesis Statement
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Evidence that Proves our Thesis (or the Explanation of your groupings)
Historical Significance
On a separate, typed sheet of paper, please make sure you turn in a TYPED introduction. You need to use size 12 font, Times New Roman, and it must be double spaced. Once you turn it in, your teacher will confirm and sign below. Introduction Due Date:
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Argument-Evidence 2 a. Topic Sentence: Restate your argument from your thesis, focusing on the second piece of evidence b. This should be 1-3 paragraphs, and include a large amount of evidence based in your sources c. Show how your evidence should directly tie back to your research question! Argument-Evidence 3 a. Topic Sentence: Restate your argument from your thesis, focusing on the third piece
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of evidence b. This should be 1-3 paragraphs, and include a large amount of evidence based in your sources c. Show how your evidence should directly tie back to your research question! VI. Conclusion a. Wrap up your paper- revisit your argument and pieces of evidence. b. Do no restate your thesis word for word.
You must type this outline out. Same standards apply as the Introduction. If thats done, turn in your paper and remember your paper is now 80% finished! Please look at the sample outline that your teacher has given to you. Outline Due Date:
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Conclusion Framework Explain the purpose of your paper AND restate your Thesis Statement
Summarize your essay. You can use things like In this paragraph, we discussed X.
Historical Significance or Relevance Remember, these are your last thoughts. Why is this an important subject to study?
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Level 12 - Sample Works Cited Page "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. Clinton on Climate Change. New York Times. New York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006. Web. 24 May 2009. GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 2736. Print. An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, 2006. DVD. Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005. Print. ---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. Science Online. Web. 24 May 2009. Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. Print
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