Name : Taufik b Hairudin Class : M03L PRACTICAL 14 :INVESTIGATION INTO THE REQUIREMENTS AND PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

INVESTIGATION 1: Objective Research question Hypothesis Variables Independent Dependent Constant Plant A Plant B Data collection: After 48 hours, plant B looked wilt, compared to plant A. Starch test showed positive result for the leave from plant A only, that is only the leave from plant A that the iodine colour changed from brown to blue-black. For the plant from plant B, iodine colour did not change. Evaluation: Destarching was done by leaving the plant in the dark for 24 hours, so that the plant will use all the starch remain in it. Thus when the experiment is held, the plant will produce new starch. Destarching is needed because we want to make sure that any starch produced by the plant are new starch produce from photosynthesis. The polythene bag is needed to avoid contact between the plants and the surrounding air which can supply CO2 to the plants. The solutions put in the vases are saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate and soda lime. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used to release and supply CO2 to plant A while soda lime is used to absorb CO2 from the air in the bag of plant B. : To find out if a plant needs carbon dioxide to make starch : Can plants produce starch without the presence of CO2? : Plants need CO2 in order for photosynthesis to occur and produce starch. : soda lime and sodium hydrogen carbonate. : the produce of starch in plants. : time taken for the experiment. : Saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate was put in the vase. : Soda lime was put in the vase.

There should be another control one experiment. It should be another destarched plant, covered with polythene bag without putting any solutions in the vase. This to make sure that nothing fishy is going on with the other two experiments. From the experiment, we can see that without CO2, plants cannot produce starch, which means photosynthesis cannot occur. Thus carbon dioxide is needed in photosynthesis. The limitation of this experiment is water and light. Since the plants were covered and not watered for two days, they would surely undergo shortage of water. Furthermore, the polythene bag are not fully transparent, so the light intensity was low. This experiment must be held not more than two days, otherwise the plants will die. The precautions of this experiment: 1. The rubber band that hold the polythene bag must be very tight so that there there will not be any air leakage. 2. Both soda lime and sodium hydrogen carbonate should not be put on the soil in the vase as this may poison the plant and also the solution might be contaminated and will not work properly. INVESTIGATION 2: Objective : To find out if plant needs chlorophyll to make starch.

Research Question : Do plant needs chlorophyll to produce starch? Hypothesis Variables Independent Dependent Constant Data collection: The leave before the iodine test: : Plant cannot produce starch without the presence of chlorophyll. : type of leave. : the produce of starch. : area on the leave with chlorophyll.

The leave after the iodine test:

Evaluation: Chlorophylls are green coloured pigments that play a major role in photosynthesis. From the specimen, we can see two different colours, green and white. The white portion of the leave is the one lacks of chlorophyll and the green part of the leave is the one with chlorophyll. When the starch test is done to the leave, the white portion of the leave turned brown, which is the colour of the iodine. However, the green part of the leave turned to blue-black, indicating the presence of starch. Starch only present in the part of the leaves where there is chlorophyll. Thus it shows that chlorophyll is needed in the process of photosynthesis. So the hypothesis is accepted. INVESTIGATION 3: Objective : To find out if a plant needs light to make starch.

Research Question : Do plants need light to produce starch? Hypothesis Variables Independent Dependent Data collection: For method A, after the starch test, the leave that was left in the light turns to blue black. The leave that was left in the dark showed negative result in the starch test, that is the colour of iodine did not change, still brown. In method B, the colour of iodine tested on the leave only change colour at the portion that is not covered with the black card. Ironically, nothing happens to the part of the leave that was covered with the card, the colour of iodine did not change. Picture of the leave before and after the iodine test: : Photosynthesis cannot occur without the presence of light. : light intensity. : the produce of starch.

Evaluation: In the first method, the leave that was left in the light showed positive result of the iodine test. This means that photosynthesis occurred and produced starch. However, for the leave that was kept in the dark, nothing happened to the iodine tested to it, showing the lack of starch. For the second method of the experiment, only the part of the leave that was exposed to the light that showed the presence of starch. The covered part showed no presence of starch. This clearly shows that without light, starch cannot be produced. Thus, photosynthesis needs light to occur. The hypothesis is accepted. INVESTIGATION 4: Objective : To find out if photosynthesis gives off oxygen.

Research Question : Do plants release oxygen when photosynthesis occur? Hypothesis Variables Independent Dependent Data collection: In both apparatus, gases are collected. The gas in the apparatus that was left in the light cause combustion in the wood splint test. The other gas was also tested but the fire of the dead-fire wood did not rekindle. : Plants will release oxygen when undergo photosynthesis. : amount of Canadian pondweed. : the gas released by the plant.

Evaluation:

From the previous experiment we know that plants need light in order for photosynthesis to occur and produce starch. So in this experiment, photosynthesis only occur in the plant that was exposed to the light and not in the plant that was kept in the dark. The gas that causes combustion to the splint wood is oxygen. This gas was collected by the apparatus that was left in the light. The apparatus that was left in the dark also collected some gas but it was not oxygen, it was carbon dioxide as the plant undergoes respiration all the time. Thus, the experiment shows that photosynthesis releases oxygen. So the hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: From the experiments conducted, we can say that photosynthesis needs carbon dioxide, light and chlorophyll to occur. Photosynthesis also produces oxygen as a waste.