VALVE PHILOSOPHY Valve Application General a.

. In general, block valves that are used to isolate equipment or process unit shall be of gate, ball or plug type. Hand control valves shall be of globe type. Gate valves should not be used in throttling services due to high erosion rate of gate and seat particularly at low flow rates. Other types of valves such as diaphragm, pinch, knife gate, ball & plug may be when advantageous for specific application. b. Reduced port ball or plug type valves are used instead of gate valves in services like where solids may collect and polymerization may occur. c. Butterfly valves should be used in cooling water services generally 6 or larger. d. Use of globe valves in sizes 3 or larger should be avoided due to high cost. Valve Types Gate Physical Characteristics Gate like disc actuated by stem, screw & hand wheel move at right angles to flow. Use On-off service requiring infrequent throttling. Limitation Not good for throttling services which cause erosion, wire drawing. Pocket at bottom of valve fill with foreign particles and prevent closing of valve. Purging should be considered for service which may contain solids. Not recommended for on-off service. Cost and throttling efficiency above 6 become unfavourable. Not recommended where solids and corrosives are present. Same as above.

Globe Standard

Disc attached to stem seats on circular opening. Fluid changes direction in passing through valve.

Preferred for throttling services. Most throttling services where corrosion or erosion are not problem.

Globe Y pattern

Angle (90)

Similar to globe valve except inlet and outlet makes 90 angle.

Plug

Tampered plug, open & closes valve with min travel. th turn required to fully open or close.

Y type produces lower pressure drop and turbulence than standard globe valve. Preferred for high T/P services, corrosion & erosion services. Same as globe. Use for large Bends in piping systems pressure drop service. are subjected to strains that should not be placed on valves. On-off service. May be difficult to More positive shut off than operate. gate valve. Low pressure drop service.

Plug Lubricated

Plug Non lubricated Ball Valves

Screw in top of the plug is used to force lubricant into grooves in plug. Only th turn require to open or close. Plug usually coated with TFE for ease of turning. Similar to plug except movable element is ball. Resilient seat used. th turn from full open to full close. Flow keeps swing gate open while gravity or reversal flow keeps it close. Spring loaded.

Not normally used in chemical industry.

Lubricant can cause undesirable contaminants in high purity products.

Excellent for corrosive alloys and linings. Low pressure drop across valve. Full port valve reduces hold up of solids. Prevent back flow in lines. Best for liquids and less affected by solids in fluid. Lower P than swing check type valve. Wafer type requires no flange. Less affected by solids in fluid. Good for steam, vapors and water. Suitable for pulsating flow. Usually low temp range due to elastomer seat. Tight shut off than plug valve. Not suitable for pulsating flow. Some style operates only in horizontal position. Not suitable for pulsating flow.

Check Valves Swing check

Check valves Dual flapper (Butterfly)

Piston check

Flow patterns same as globe valve.

Ball check

Lift type check consisting of ball with guides.

Needle

Similar to plug except plug is pointed at end.

Stops reversal flow rapidly than others. Good for viscous fluid. Vertical or horizontal installation is possible. Valves smaller than 2 used in pilot plants and benchscale equipments and instruments. Good for manual control.

Mainly designs for horizontal service only. Not common in line size over 6 Not recommended for fluids having solids content. Not common in line size more than 6 Not suitable for pulsating flow. Positive shut off not always possible. In some design seat is scored if shut down tightly.

Automatic control

Similar in principle to globe valve but precision design for automatic control. Air pressure actuates the diaphragm causing stem to move, opening or closing valve orifice. Air pressure is controlled by primary measuring instrument. The valve plug is tapered or has V-port to give desired throttling characteristics. Double port valve give better control range & require small force to move stem.