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Tip sheet on special characters

This page will show users (of the Windows or Macintosh OS X operating systems), having a western european standard keyboard (showing the latin alphabet), how to generate other characters they might not see on the keyboard. For example a US keyboard will not show accented letters as used in French. A French keyboard will show accented letters common in French, but not accented letters used in Spanish. And so on You can read the instructions below, or skip directly to the chart.

Special characters on Macintosh (Apple keyboards)

On MacOS, the option key functions as a modifier key like the shift key. Hold it down and press another key simultaneously. For shift+option, hold down both the shift and option keys and press the additional letter key simultaneously.

Special characters on Windows (PC keyboards)

On Windows, the Alt key functions as a modifier like the Shift key. To make special characters, hold down the Alt key and type in the numbers from the numeric keypad. Note that on the some small keyboards (e.g. laptop keybaords) the numeric keypad is found by pressing the NumLock key and then looking for the keys on your keyboard that double as numeric keypad keys when in NumLock mode.

Software to help you find special characters

Macintosh OS x On Macintosh OS X, you can use the operating systems character palette to find special characters. Press command+option+T to make the character palette window appear. The character palette will also show up as a menu item in the keyboard menu if the keyboard menu is displayed in the top right of your menu bar. The keyboard menu shows as a flag corresponding to the currently active keyboard layout. See Apple support document Enter special characters and symbols. Windows For Windows, use the Character Map application, available from the Start Menu (look in System

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Key board Shortcuts f or special characters

Tools). See Microsoft document Using special characters (Character Map): frequently asked questions. Third-party software (Note: Im mentioning a useful little program because I use it at home on my Macintosh, and at work on a Windows machine; it helps you find a special character when you forget the key combination for it. Heres how the author describes it: If you dont want to remember all these numbers, you should try the little shareware utility PopChar from ergonis software. One click, and PopChar displays a table of all characters of the current font. Select the desired character and it instantly appears in your document. You can also insert HTML symbols. PopChar is available for Macintosh OS X and Windows.)

Characters not listed on this page

For more HTML number codes, see Character entity references in HTML 4. For any characters not listed here, you can look at the Unicode character set, which is a whole subject in itself. Suffice it to say that any modern computer operating system and/or web browser can handle Unicode characters and Unicode documents: generating those characters is the tricky part.

Special character chart for western european characters

How to use this chart You can use the html name or number codes in an HTML document (i.e. a webpage or an e-mail that uses HTML format.) For Macintosh: press the keys as shown. for example shift+option+w means press down the shift key, the option key, and the w key all at the same time. option+e E means press down the option key and the e key at the same time, then press the E key (capital E).

Western european special characters and how to enter them from your keyboard
HTML Name Code ‘ ’ ‚ “ ” HTML Number Glyph Code ‘ ’ ‚ “ ” option+[ shift+option+[ MacOS option+] shift+option+] Windows Description

Alt+0145 left single quote Alt+0146 right single quote single low-9 quote Alt+0147 left double quote Alt+0148 right double quote

„
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shift+option+w

double low-9
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† ‡

† ‡ …

option+t shift+option+7 option+; shift+option+r shift+option+3

Alt+0134

quote dagger horizontal ellipsis

Alt+0135 double dagger

‰ ‹

‰ ‹

Alt+0137

per mill sign

single leftAlt+0139 pointing angle quote single rightAlt+0155 pointing angle quote black spade suit black club suit black heart suit black diamond suit overline, = spacing overscore leftward arrow upward arrow rightward arrow downward arrow

› ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦

› ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦

shift+option+4

‾ ← ↑ → ↓ ™ " & < >

‾ ← ↑ → ↓ ™ " & < > [ ]

" & < > [ ] option+hyphen Alt+0150 option+2

Alt+0153 trademark sign double quotation mark ampersand less-than sign greater-than sign left square bracket right square bracket en dash em dash nonbreaking space inverted exclamation cent sign
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&ndash; &mdash; &nbsp; &iexcl; &cent; &pound;

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&#150; &#151; &#160; &#161; &#162; &#163;

shift+option+hyphen Alt+0151 Alt+0160

option+1 option+4 option+3

Alt+0161 Alt+0162

Alt+0163 pound sterling

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Key board Shortcuts f or special characters

&curren; &yen; &brvbar; or &brkbar; &sect; &uml; or &die; &copy; &ordf; &laquo; &not; &shy; &reg; &macr; or &hibar; &deg; &plusmn; &sup2; &sup3; &acute; &micro; &para; &middot; &cedil; &sup1; &ordm; &raquo; &frac14; &frac12; &frac34; &iquest; &Agrave; &Aacute;

&#164; &#165; &#166; &#167; &#168; &#169; &#170; &#171; &#172; &#173; &#174; &#175; &#176; &#177; &#178; &#179; &#180; &#181; &#182; &#183; &#184; &#185; &#186; &#187; &#188; &#189; &#190; &#191; &#192; &#193;

option+6 shift+option+u option+g option+9 option+\ option+l option+y

Alt+0164 Alt+0165 Alt+0166 Alt+0167 Alt+0168 Alt+0169

general currency sign yen sign broken vertical bar section sign umlaut copyright

Alt+0170 feminine ordinal Alt+0171 left angle quote Alt+0172 Alt+0173 not sign soft hyphen registered trademark

option+r

Alt+0174

Alt+0175 macron accent shift+option+8 shift+option+= Alt+0176 degree sign

Alt+0177 plus or minus Alt+0178 superscript two Alt+0179 superscript three

shift+option+e option+m option+7 shift+option+9 shift+option+z

Alt+0180 Alt+0181 Alt+0183 Alt+0184

acute accent micro sign middle dot cedilla masculine ordinal one-fourth one-half three-fourths inverted question mark uppercase A, grave accent uppercase A, acute accent uppercase A, circumflex accent uppercase A,
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Alt+0182 paragraph sign

Alt+0185 superscript one option+0 shift+option+\ Alt+0186

Alt+0187 right angle quote Alt+0188 Alt+0189 Alt+0190

shift+option+? option+` A option+e A

Alt+0191 Alt+0192 Alt+0193

&Acirc;

&#194;

option+i A

Alt+0194

&Atilde;
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&#195;

option+n A

Alt+0195

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Key board Shortcuts f or special characters

&Auml; &Aring; &AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute;

&#196; &#197; &#198; &#199; &#200; &#201;

option+u A shift+option+a shift+option+' shift+option+c option+` E option+e E

Alt+0196 Alt+0197

tilde uppercase A, umlaut uppercase A, ring uppercase C, cedilla uppercase E, grave accent uppercase E, acute accent uppercase E, circumflex accent uppercase E, umlaut uppercase I, grave accent uppercase I, acute accent uppercase I, circumflex accent uppercase I, umlaut uppercase Eth, Icelandic uppercase N, tilde uppercase O, grave accent uppercase O, acute accent uppercase O, circumflex accent uppercase O, tilde uppercase O, umlaut multiplication sign uppercase O,
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Alt+0198 uppercase AE Alt+0199 Alt+0200 Alt+0201

&Ecirc; &Euml; &Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc;

&#202; &#203; &#204; &#205; &#206;

option+i E option+u E option+` I option+e I option+i I

Alt+0202 Alt+0203 Alt+0204 Alt+0205 Alt+0206

&Iuml; &ETH; &Ntilde; &Ograve; &Oacute;

&#207; &#208; &#209; &#210; &#211;

option+u I

Alt+0207 Alt+0208

option+n N option+` O option+e O

Alt+0209 Alt+0210 Alt+0211

&Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &times; &Oslash;

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&#212; &#213; &#214; &#215; &#216;

option+i O option+n O option+u O

Alt+0212 Alt+0213 Alt+0214 Alt+0215

shift+option+o

Alt+0216

slash &Ugrave; &Uacute; &#217; &#218; option+` U option+e U Alt+0217 Alt+0218 uppercase U, grave accent uppercase U, acute accent uppercase U, circumflex accent uppercase U, umlaut uppercase Y, acute accent uppercase THORN, Icelandic lowercase sharps, German lowercase a, grave accent lowercase a, acute accent lowercase a, circumflex accent lowercase a, tilde lowercase a, umlaut lowercase a, ring lowercase ae lowercase c, cedilla lowercase e, grave accent lowercase e, acute accent lowercase e, circumflex accent lowercase e, umlaut lowercase i, grave accent
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&Ucirc; &Uuml; &Yacute;

&#219; &#220; &#221;

option+i U option+u U

Alt+0219 Alt+0220 Alt+0221

&THORN; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute;

&#222; &#223; &#224; &#225;

option+s option+` a option+e a

Alt+0222 Alt+0223 Alt+0224 Alt+0225

&acirc;

&#226;

option+i a

Alt+0226

&atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil; &egrave; &eacute;

&#227; &#228; &#229; &#230; &#231; &#232; &#233;

option+n a option+u a option+a option+' option+c option+` e option+e e

Alt+0227 Alt+0228 Alt+0229 Alt+0230 Alt+0231 Alt+0232 Alt+0233

&ecirc; &euml; &igrave;

&#234; &#235; &#236;

option+i e option+u e option+` i

Alt+0234 Alt+0235 Alt+0236

&iacute;

&#237;

option+e i

Alt+0237

lowercase i, acute accent lowercase i, circumflex accent lowercase i, umlaut lowercase eth, Icelandic lowercase n, tilde lowercase o, grave accent lowercase o, acute accent lowercase o, circumflex accent lowercase o, tilde lowercase o, umlaut division sign lowercase o, slash lowercase u, grave accent lowercase u, acute accent lowercase u, circumflex accent lowercase u, umlaut lowercase y, acute accent lowercase thorn, Icelandic lowercase y, umlaut

&icirc; &iuml; &eth; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute;

&#238; &#239; &#240; &#241; &#242; &#243;

option+i i option+u i

Alt+0238 Alt+0239 Alt+0240

option+n n option+` o option+e o

Alt+0241 Alt+0242 Alt+0243

&ocirc; &otilde; &ouml; &divide; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute;

&#244; &#245; &#246; &#247; &#248; &#249; &#250;

option+i o option+n o option+u o

Alt+0244 Alt+0245 Alt+0246 Alt+0247

option+o option+` u option+e u

Alt+0248 Alt+0249 Alt+0250

&ucirc; &uuml; &yacute; &thorn; &yuml;

&#251; &#252; &#253; &#254; &#255;

option+i u option+u u

Alt+0251 Alt+0252 Alt+0253 Alt+0254

option+u y

Alt+0255

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