Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Unit Operations
MIXERS
1.1 Introduction
Mixing is one of the important unit operation widely used from reaction to finishing stages in chemical industry. A production (chemical) engineer has to operate the running and modifications with the installed type for the particular process or recommend one in case of plant erection or process design. The selection or modification with this equipment is highly subject to the set of properties of material being handled. Mixers are meant to shift the non-homogeneity of a batch to a homogenous state. The degree of success in this operation is never the hundred percent, since we cant assume that a molecule A will take the very next position to the molecule B and so on. Our auditing analysis is therefore subject to spot sampling methods that take concentrations at randomly selected locations in a sample in to consideration to estimate the overall mixing efficiency of the entire batch.
1.2 Explanation
Different mixers being employed follow three mixing phenomenon. The small-scale random motion (diffusion), the large-scale random motion (convection) and the interchange of particles by virtue of slip zones (shear). Mixers are employed both for solids and liquids phases with varied interests. These include be but not limited to blending of ingredients, cooling or heating purposes, drying or roasting of solids, reaction engineering, coatings, agglomeration or even size reduction. Confining our focus the mixing of solids, powders and particles, our selection is subject to a set of properties which include: particle size distribution, bulk density, true density, particle shape, surface characteristics, flow characteristics, friability, state of agglomeration, moisture or liquid content of solids, density, viscosity and surface tension, and temperature of ingredients. Mixing could be carried out by agitation, tumbling, and centrifugal action and impact forces. Referring our case to the nature of solid particles, we have two classifications to cater for: noncohesive solids and cohesive solids. Further is the discussion over the types of mixers for this classification.
Unit Operations
Unit Operations
Unit Operations
Unit Operations
Unit Operations
1.5 Types
Some other types of mixers used in industries according to their purposes are given below: Ribbon Blender V Blender Cone Screw Blender Screw blender Double Cone Blender Double Planetary High Viscosity Mixer Counter-rotating Double & Triple Shaft Vacuum Mixer High Shear Rotor Stator Dispersion Mixers Paddle Jet Mixer Mobile Mixers Drum Blenders Planetary mixer
A planetary mixer is a device used to mix round products including adhesives, pharmaceuticals, foods, chemicals, electronics, plastics and pigments. This mixer is ideal for mixing and kneading viscous pastes up to 6 million centipoise, under atmospheric or vacuum conditions. Capacities range from 1/2-pint through 750 gallons. Many options including jacketing for heating or cooling, vacuum or pressure vary speed drives, etc. are available. The blades each rotate on their own axes, and at the same time on a common axis, thereby providing complete mixing in a very short timeframe. The Ban bury mixer is a brand of internal batch mixer. The "Ban bury" trademark is owned by Farrell Corporation. Internal batch mixers such as the Ban bury mixer are used for mixing or compounding rubber and plastics. The original design dates back to 1916. The mixer consists of two rotating spiral-shaped blades encased in segments of cylindrical housings. These intersect so as to leave a ridge between the blades. The blades may be cored for circulation of heating or cooling. Its invention resulted in major labor and capital savings in the tire industry, doing away with the initial step of roller-milling rubber. It is also used for reinforcing fillers in a resin system.
Unit Operations
1.6 Applications
Mixers are used in a wide range of industries to combine different materials together to form one final product from the mixing process. The mixed materials can be mixed from low to high viscosity, high to low viscosity, or mixed at a constant viscosity. Mixtures may require the mixer to operate at various speeds throughout the mixing process. The properties of the mixed material are a primary consideration when defining mixing applications. High starting torque High viscosity materials will require a high amount of starting torque to get the mixer blades rotating. Mixture status Determine the viscosity of the mixture while the mixer is operating. Trip-less operation The drive must be capable of continuous operation or automatic restart after a momentary power loss or fault (< 5 ms). Multiple mixing speeds Capable of changing mixing speeds throughout the mixing process for different mixtures. Equipment protection Capable of detecting seizing or jamming of the mixing equipment shaft, mixer blades, and mixer paddles, etc. and respond to avoid damage to the equipment. Industrial mixers are widely used in food processing, rubber and plastics, pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural, tire, pulp and paper, automotive, adhesive and sealant industries. The main application challenge is to maintain precise speed through changing material viscosities while protecting the mixing equipment from over-torqueing or jamming. Emerson Control Techniques offers a wide range of AC Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), DC Drives and options to meet the control needs of industrial mixer applications.
Unit Operations
References
Kukukova, A., B. Noel, S.M. Kresta and J. Aubin, Impact of Sampling Method and Scale E. L. Paul et al., eds., Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2004). Edited by: Victor Starov, Ivan Ivanov, Fluid Mechanics of Surfactant and Polymer Solutions, CISM, Udine (2004) www.wikipedia.com http://www.chemineer.com/chemineer_-_agitators.php http://www.yaskawa.com/site/Industries.nsf/applicationDoc/appmixer.html http://www.emersonindustrial.com/enEN/documentcenter/ControlTechniques/Brochures/CTA/IndustrySolutions/IndustrialMix ers.pdf