Sulfuric 2520acid Design 2520of 2520equipments

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umn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2
946\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { AMOUNT IN KMOLES }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { MOLE FRACTION}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4093\colsr-0\co
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cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\
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O}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}
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3298.32}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
80\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
403.732}\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
13.777}\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
257.395}\par\pard\li
3973.23}\par\colu
mn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\c
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0.1016}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs
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0.06478}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
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e\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Avg Mol Wt = [28 x 3298.32 + 32 x 257.395 + 64 x 13.7
78 + 80 x 403.7] / 3973.23}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= 33.6 Kg/Kmoles}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Inlet temperature of th
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cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Density of the gas }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ 33.6
x 273 ] / \{ 22.4 x 383 \}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {= 1.0711 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\sect
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33\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sulfur Trioxide is absorbed in 98% sulphu
ric acid and the gases after absorption are}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {returned back to the converter. The exit concentrati

on of the acid is assumed to be 103% }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(3% free oleum) }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Assuming neg
ligible absorption of the other gases and at the average temperature of the}\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gas inside the tower
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\f0\charscalex100 {Moles of SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 { at the exit }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
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li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {= 158.014}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 403.732 - 158.014}\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 245.718 Kmoles}\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 19657.5 Kgs}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbknone\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Water required to absorb SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 245.72 x 18}\par\pard\li4013\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4422.96 Kgs}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bknone\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw6706\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Wat
er present in incoming gas }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Sulfuric acid formed }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 110.98 Kmoles
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 110.98 Kmoles }
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133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Free SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { with
it }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Total SO}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { absorbed by water
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SO
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { to be absorbe
d in 98% acid}\par\column\pard\li680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li680
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li680\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 10876.04 Kgs}\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {= 326.3}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 110.98 x 80 + 326.3}\par\pard\li680\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 9204.7 Kgs}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 19657.5 \uc1\u8211X 9204.7}\par\pa
rd\li680\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 10452.8 Kgs}\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Let \uc1\u8216XW\uc1\u8217X be the weight of 98% acid used in the tow
er, }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then,}\par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\co
lno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { absorbed by it }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {= [W x 0.02 x 80] / 18}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Total weight of 100% acid = W + \{ [W x 0.02 x 80] / 18 \}}\par\pard\
li4013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.0889 W}\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4
1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Free SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { associated with it }\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Total Weight }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kgs of SO}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { absorbed by W Kgs }\par\
pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Now, }\par\
column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.03 x 1.0889 W }\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.03267 W}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= (1.0889 + 0.03267) W }\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.12157 W}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.12157 W \uc1\u8211X W }\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.12157 W}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn122
40\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw
7426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For 0.12157 W }\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {then, For W }\par
\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 10452
.8 Kgs }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
=
85982 Kgs acid / Hr }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{
= 23.88 Kgs/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thus, Liquid flow rate is given
as, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
33\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {= 23.88 Kgs/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
n15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {'HQVLW\\ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {L}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) = 1850 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Gas Flow Rate }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {G}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [3973.23 x 33.6] / 3600}\par\pard\li6
66\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 37.08 Kgs/s}\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 37.08 Kgs/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margl
sxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'H
QVLW\\ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) = 1.0711 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
3}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {DIAMETER CALCULATION: }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Adopting the methodology as given in }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {RI
CHARDSON AND COULSON,VOLUME 6}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {,}\par\pard\li1853
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {First we calculate, }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { >/*}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {@ [ ^ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) \}}{\super \fs16\u
p4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {= 0.0155}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {In the Literature given by }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {RICHARDSON & CO
ULSON, Pg 544}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}

3\margtsxn666\margbsxn426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the Plot of K}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9V >/*}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {@ [ ^ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) \}}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2
\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {at flooding line}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {= 6.1}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-3
20\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lets choose the following packing, as giv
en in }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {RICHARDSON & COULSON, Pg 533}\b0 \par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\
colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Material}\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nominal Size }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulk Density }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Surface Area }\par\pard\li1133
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Packing Factor }\par\pard\li1133
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Voidage}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then,}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8221X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Ceramic, Ra
schig Rings}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 76 mm
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 561 Kg/m}{\supe
r \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 69 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 65 m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {-1}}\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 7
5%}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
cols2\colno1\colw2573\colsr-0\colno2\colw8866\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {*}}\par\colum
n\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ \{K}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}\fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {L }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}{\super \fs24\up
-1\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {)\} / \{13.1 x F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {[ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}
}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {-0.1}{\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}]}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{0.5}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ \{6.1 x 1.
0711}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {( 1850}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 1.07
11}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)\} / \{13.1 x 65 x (6 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ 1850)}{\super \fs16\up3\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}]}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {0. 5}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 7.08
Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-s }
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\par
d\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Designing for a Pressure Drop of 42 mm water per m of packi
ng, we have }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw1440\colsr-0\colno3\colw8146\
8\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then,}\par\
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}}\par\column\pard
harscalex100 {= 1.9}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {And, }\par\column\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx1440\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {% Loading}\tab \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= \{1.9 / 6.1\}}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 100% }\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 56 % }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {*}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.95 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then, Cr
oss Section Area Required, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn158
40\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw1440\colsr-0
\colno3\colw8146\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Thus,}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {A }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [Mass Flow Rate] / G}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {*}}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3
7.08 / 3.95}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 9.38
m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1546\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [
\{4 x 9.38 \}/}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {@}{\super \fs16\up5\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {0.5}}\par\pard\li653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
3.45 m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hence the Diameter which is calculated from this app
roach is 3.45 m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {HEIGHT OF PACKING CALCULATION: }
\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L }\par\c
olumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 23.88 Kgs/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\
pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {'HQVLW\\ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {L}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) = 1850 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1853\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}}\
par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 37.08 Kgs/s
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'HQVLW\\ }\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {) = 1.0711 Kgs/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li1133
arscalex100 {Volumetric Flow rate of the entering gas is given by, }\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\co
lw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {G}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {v}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [37.08 / 1.0711] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 34.62 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gas Velocity at the
bottom of the tower is given by, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
n15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\par
d\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {bg}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 34.62 / 9.38}\par\pard\li653\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 3.69 m/s}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mass Flow Rate at the top of the tower is give
n by, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}}\par\column\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ 3727.51 x 33.6 ] / 3
600}\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 34.79 Kgs/s
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Volumetric Flow rate at the top of the tower is given by,
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\co
ls2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\column\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [34.79 / 1.0711] }\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 32.48 m}{\super \fs16\up4\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
none\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gas Velocity at the top of the tower is given by
, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bg}}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 32.48 / 9.38}\par\pard\li
653\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.46 m/s}\par\pard\sect\sec
td\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Then Average Gas Velocity is given as, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12

240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\col
w8146\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avg}}\par\colu
f0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.57 m/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {And, Average Gas Velocity
in the Packing, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
00 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-373
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liquid Flow }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Given that, }\par\column\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {= 3.57 / 0.75}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 4.76 m/s}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 23.88 / 9.38}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-280\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.54 Kgs/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
w7426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Surface Area of
Packing}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liquid
Density }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then,}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Wetting Rate }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 69 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1850 Kg/m}{\super \fs
16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {= 2.54 / [1850 x 69] }\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.9898 x}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/m-s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn158
40\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The Above wetting rate is gre
ater than the required minimum limit and this is adequate }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {for wetting the packing. }\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {The Methodology adopted for the calculation of Height of the P
acking is referred from }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {the literature by }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {NORMAN W.S (ABSORPTION
, DISTILLATION AND COOLING}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {TOWERS), Pg 214. }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The Average
Properties of the gas at the temperature are given as follows, }\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw54
53\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'HQVLW\\ RI WKH JDV PL[WXUH }
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {) }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.0711 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx5453\fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {9LVFRVLW\\ RI WKH JDV PL[WXUH }{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mix}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.772 x 10}{\s
uper \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1224
7;32768}}
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diffusivity of the gas (D) }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-21
0 {Schimidt Number (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sc}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {)}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-2
00 {As given in the literature, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 8.2 x 10}{\
super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { m}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/s }\par\pard\li
charscalex100 {mix}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
>}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0

\f0\charscalex100 {) x (D)]}\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= 2.772 x}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ [1.0711 x 8.2 x 10}{\super \f
s16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] }\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.15 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
one\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The Reynolds number is calculated for the Standar
d Wetted Wall Column having the}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {diameter,}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw720\colsr-0\coln
o3\colw5986\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reynolds Number (N}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\column\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.083 ft }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0253 m}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-440\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { >}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {x d x V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {P}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {@ }{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
mix}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= [1.0711 x 4.76 x 0.0253] / (2.772 x10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {-5}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4654}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
ghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx3666\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cited in the Reference}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{NORMAN W.S (ABSORPTION, DISTILLATION AND}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {COOLING TOWERS), Pg 212, }\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {the co-relation is, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
(RT/ V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) x (P/p
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BM}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[ ^}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mix}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
>}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0

\f0\charscalex100 { x D]\}}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { = }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { [ ^>}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {x d x
V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {@}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mix}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)\}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {-0.25 }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0
\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Now, }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {With (P/p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
BM}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) =1(approx), we have,}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
one\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw2573\colsr0\colno2\colw8866\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
l-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}
}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ 0.04 x (4654)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-0.
25}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x (3.15)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { -0. 5}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 15.61 x 3600 ] / \{1.318 x 368\}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.316 lb mole / hr-ft}{\super \fs16\u
p4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-atm }\par\pard\sect\sec
0 {Also given in the table of }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {NORMAN W.S (ABSORPT
ION, DISTILLATION AND}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {COOLING TOWERS), Pg 210 & Pg 211}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fo
r the conditions specified above the partial pressure of SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { in equilibrium with the acid }\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {is extremely small a
nd it may be assumed that the absorption is controlled by gas film. }\par\pard\l
f0\charscalex100 {Partial Pressure of SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { in the gas at inlet,p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.1016}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
w6706\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partial Presure
at the Outlet, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {
p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= [0.1016 x 0.0423]/[0.8984+0.1016x 0.0423] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 4.76 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {-3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mean Driving Force}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { absorbed }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\s
l-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Area of Packing}\par\column\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { S}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}{ }\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {] / ln [}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0316 atm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 19657.5 /
( 80 x 0.454) lbmoles }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 541.71 lbmoles/}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hr}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
541.71 / (0.31 x 0.0316) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 55300 ft}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 5140 m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\cha

rscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\
slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Area of Packing/ft height }\tab \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 69 x 9.38}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
hsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 647.22}\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx4013\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Height of Packing Required}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 5140 / 647.22}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 7.94 m}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Therefore the height of the packing
required is 8m }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {MECHANICAL DESIGN OF ABSORBER}\b0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw6706\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Inner Diameter of vessel, D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Height of the pac
king required}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sk
irt}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {height}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Density of material column }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Wind pressure }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {MATERIAL : }\b0 \par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li253
3\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carbon}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= 3.45 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 8
m }\par\pard\li200\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx640\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2m}\ta
b \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {= 7700 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 130 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
lsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P
ermissible tensile stress ( f}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)= 950kg/cm}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {THICKNESS OF
SHELL: }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T
hickness of shell, t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= [p D / (2f J }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { p)] + c}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Inner Diam
eter of vessel, D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 { = 3.45 m }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw6706\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Working Pressure }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design Pressure, p}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Permissible Stress }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Joint Efficiency(J) }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Corrosion allowance

}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hence, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { =2.25 mm }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0
\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {We take thickness as 8mm }\par\colum
n\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.013 x10}{\super \f
s16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\
up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {= 1.05 x 1.013 x10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li
13\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.10635 N/mm}{\super \fs16\u
p4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {= 95 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.85}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
ghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {So outer diameter of
shell Do = 3.45 m + 2 x 0.008m = 3.466 m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {STRESS
ANALYSIS AND SHELL THICKNESS AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS: }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Let X be the distance in }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220Xm\uc1\u82
21X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { from the top of the shell, then }\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw
1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1.}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\r
f0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {AXIAL S
TRESS DUE TO PRESSURE}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Axial stress due to pressure, f
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= p D}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4 ( ts }\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { c ) }\par\pard\li3600\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 184 Kg/cm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD}\b0 \par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {a) Compressive Stress
due to weight of shell up to a distance X }\b0 \par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx3600\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Outer Diameter Of shell }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= D}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + 2 t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {s}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}

\pard\li5453\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.466 m}\par\pard\
li2573\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Density of Shell material,
}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 7700 Kg /m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ds}}\par\column\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/4 ( D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {o}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u821
1X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {2}{\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )}}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 { X] /}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
/4 ( D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
2}{\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.77 X Kg/cm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {b) Compressive stress due to weight of insulation at heig
ht X }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5453\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mat
erial for Insulation }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Asbestos }\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of insulation, t}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ins}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 100 mm }\par\pard\sect\s
53\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Density of insulation }\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Let,}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 575 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\sect\sec
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ins}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Diameter of insulation, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
ne\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0
\colno2\colw8146\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {And,}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {= Mean diameter of vessel }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\
pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {For large diameter column, }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ins}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {f}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dins}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= [}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ins}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { t}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ins}}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ins}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { X] / \{}\fs24\cf0\f1\chars

calex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ( t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { c )\} }\par
\pard\li5426\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.15 X Kg}\par\par
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {c) Compressive stress due to liquid in column up to heigh
t X }\b0 \par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-38
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Density}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {of}
{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liquid,}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1850 Kg/m}{\
super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1224
0\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7
426\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}\fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {dliq }\par\column\pard\li720\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {= [ (}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { /4 ) D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}
{\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { X}}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ]/}{ }\fs24\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ( t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { c )
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 3.19 x
10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{
\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 31.9 Kg/cm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {d) Compressive stress due to attachment }\b0 \par\pard\l
f0\charscalex100 {We have the following attachments in the absorber column }\par
\pard\li3946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Piping}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {weight}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Head weight }\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Ladder }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl
-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Head weight (approximately) = 2500 Kgs
}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-346\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Weight of Ladder = 160 X Kgs }\par\pard\li2573\ri0
alex100 {Total compressive stress due to attachments f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {d}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is given by, }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {f}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d(attachments) }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {= (Piping Weight + Head Weight + Ladder)/[}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex10
0 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ( t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { \uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { c )]}\par\pard\li4
013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (2500 + 160X) / (}\fs24\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 0.5 x 345) }\par\pa
rd\li4013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4.613 + 0.295 X Kg/cm
}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1
2240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw2573\colsr-0\colno2\co
lw8866\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {e) }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Stress
due to Wind}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

7;32768}}
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx2760
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ 1.4 x 130 x X}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ @ >}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}
{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3450 x 5 ]}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.3358 X}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Kg/cm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {To determine the v
alue of X}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permissible Stress }\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {And, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 95 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
knone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-293\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tmax}{\super \fs2
4\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= f}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wx}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 { + f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { f}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dx}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx8333\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Or,}{ }\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.3358 X}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 { (36.513 + 2.215X ) + 184 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u82
11X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 950 x 0.85 }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
0}\par\pard\li5386\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5386\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Or,}{\super \fs14\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 { 2.215 X - 660.01 = 0}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Solving t
he above equation, }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {We}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {get,}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
w6706\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {X}\par\pard\li1
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {SUPPORT FOR ABSOR
BER}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 47
.752 m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Skirt support is used to support the absorber column
. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Material t
o be used
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In
ner Diameter of the vessel, D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Outer Diameter of the vessel,
D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Height of the Packing, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Density of carbon steel, }\fs24\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Total weight }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li18
Diameter of Skirt }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Considering the height of Skirt is 8m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Wind Pressure is 1285 N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S
tress due to Dead Weight }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Thickness of the skirt support is t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
sk}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stress due t
o dead load}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = Total Weight /
}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {sk}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ = 9.302 x 10 5 N/m2 }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Due to wind load }\par\co
lumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Structural steel ( IS 800) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.45 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.466 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {= 8 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {= 7700 kg /m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
00 {= Weight of vessel + Weight of Attachments }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (}\fs24
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/4) ( D}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {) x H x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 9.81 + }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u
960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /4) D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x H x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 { x 0.6 + }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /4) D}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { x H x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + 35000N + 1600 x H }\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.422 x10 7 N}\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.45 m }\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The forces due to wind load acting on the lo

wer and upper parts of the vessels are}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {determined as}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
hsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {lw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = k p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li
1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {uw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = k p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where K is coefficient depending on
the shape factor. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {k=0.7 for cylindrical surface}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { is wind pressure for the lower part of the vessel. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is wind pressure for the upper part of the vessel }
\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 700 N /m2}\par\pard\li1133
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 2000 N /m2}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {=20m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { =1
4 m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = k p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 47686.8}\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {uw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = k p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li
= 149872.8}\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bending moment due to wind
at the base of the vessel is determined by }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0

\charscalex100 { =p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 { (h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/2) +
p}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uw }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {( h}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /2)}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=4.09 x 10 6 Nm }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-3
20\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wb}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 4 x M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { /}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sk}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
=10.71 x10 7 /t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {sk}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Stress due to Seismic Load}\b0 \par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Load F= CW }\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W is total Weight of vessel}\p
ar\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C is Seismic Coeff
icient }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C=0.08}\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {sb}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = ( 2/3)[ CWH/}\fs24\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ok}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
t}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sk}{\super \fs24\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]}}\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where, }\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ok}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is radius of skirt }\par\pard\li1853\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4.159 x 10 6 /t}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {sk}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m2 }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\s
ex100 {Maximum Stress at bottom of Skirt }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tmax}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 { = ( f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wb }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {or f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sb }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) }\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { f}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {db}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {
= (3.229 x 10 6 / t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sk}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) N / m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permissible tensile Stress for structural steel = 14
0 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sk}}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 0.023m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Hence thickness of skirt is 23 mm}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\s
Maximum Compressive Stress}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {f}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cmax}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = ( f
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wb}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { or f}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sb}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) + f}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {db}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= (5.089 x 10 6 / t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sk}}\fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 { ) N /m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Yield point = 200 N / mm}{\supe
r \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { permissible <or = 1/3) Yield point }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 66.6 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{2}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sk}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { =76mm}\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maximum Compressive
Stress between bearing plate and foundation }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= Total Weight /A + M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /2}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {D}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sko }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 5
.018m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ski}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 4.866m }\par\pard
\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A = ( }\fs24\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/4) ( D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {sko}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ski}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2) }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\s
l-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 6.911 x 10 6 N / m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F
= (3 x f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x L}{
\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / t}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permissible stress F in bending i
s 157.5 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 118 mm }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anchor Bolt,}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {min}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {=7.86 x 10 5 N (assumed) }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { = (W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {min}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/
A ) }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (M}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/Z)}\par\pard\li11
= - 9.9 x 10 5 N /m2}\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
\uc1\u8216X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- ve}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
217X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { , vessel skirt must be anchored to the concret
e foundation by anchor bolt }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Number of bolt = 4.866 x 10 3 / 600}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 32 }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bolt}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars

calex100 { = (f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { min}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x A) / N }\par\
pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 3.11 x 10
5 N}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft6133\shptop11093\shpright10546\shpbottom11106\shpfhdr0\s
hpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shplid2136\shpz12\shpbxpage\shpbypage
7;32768}}

{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft10546\shptop11093\shpright10560\shpbottom11106\shpfhdr0\
shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shplid2137\shpz13\shpbxpage\shpbypage
7;32768}}
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f0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \ul {BASIS:}\
b0 \ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \ul { }\b0 \ul0 \par\column\pard\li1306\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {HEAT
EXCHANGER}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PROC
ESS DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\
rd\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1 HOUR OF OPERATION}\pa
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {GIVEN:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {THE FLUIDS ARE: }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {WATER:}\
b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\
alex100 {INLET TEMPERATURE}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {25}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
C}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OUTLET TEMPERATU
RE}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40}{\super \fs12\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw6173\colsr-0\colno2\colw5266\pard\li2573\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\b {SULFURIC ACID:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\l
f0\charscalex100 {INLET}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {TEMPERATURE}\par\column\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 112}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OUTLET TE
MPERATURE = 30 }{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {C}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-3
06\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The Sulfuric acid coming out from the abs
orption towers are cooled from a high }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {temperature to a lower temperature in a Shell and Tube Ty
pe Heat Exchanger. Water }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {which enters the Heat Exchanger at room temperature is heated to 40}{\
super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C and comes o
ut of }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the syste
m. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BULK TEMP
ERATURE OF THE ACID }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (30 + 112)/2}\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 71.0 }{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
xn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PROPERTIES O
F }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {WATER}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { AT BULK
TEMPERATURE OBTAINED FROM THE}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {LITERATURE ARE AS FOLLOWS: }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn122
PROPERTIES }\par\column\pard\
arscalex100 {
NUMERICAL VALUE
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx5560\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1. BULK TEMPERATURE OF WATER }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
32.5 }{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5560\colsr-0\colno2\colw5880\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { '(16,7<}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY, C}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Pw }}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4. THERMA
L CONDUCTIVITY, K}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-3
06\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 9,6&26,7<}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {w}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
994.86 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
4.184
KJ/Kg-K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.623 W/m-K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {
0.8 Centipoise }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn

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}

}
18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx5360\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P
ROPERTIES OF }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \ul {SULFURIC ACID}\b0 \ul0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b \ul { }\b0 \ul0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {AT BULK TEM
PERATURE OBTAINED }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {FROM THE LITERATURE ARE AS FOLLOWS: }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5560\colsr-0\colno2\colw58
80\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
PROPERTIES }\par\column\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {
NUMERICAL VALUE
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx5560\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {1. BULK TEMPERATURE OF WATER }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
71 }{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\cols2\colno1\colw5560\colsr-0\colno2\colw5880\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { '(16,7<}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY, C}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ph}
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4. THERMAL CO

NDUCTIVITY, K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 9,6&26,7<}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
h}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmu
ex100\b {1. HEAT LOAD:}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {HEAT INPUT = HEAT OUTPUT
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { m}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {48572 Kg/Hr }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 13.49 Kg/s}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\r
Q = m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x C}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Ph}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ >}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {7@}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
1850 Kg/m}{\supe
r \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {
1.4435 KJ/Kg-K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.655 W/m-K }\par\par
6.83
Centipoise }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw6173\colsr-0\colno2\colw2160\colsr-0\colno3\colw3106\p
ard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 13.49 x 1.4435 x 10}
{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x (112 30) }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.596 x
10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {J/s}\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
*\tx2573\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Q}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 15
96.7 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ J/s}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Overall Heat Balance gives, }\par\pard\li1853
\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {x 4187 x 15 = 1596.7 x 10}{\super \fs16
\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {
m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= 25.42 Kg/s }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2. LMTD:}\b0 \par\pard\li3853
ACID }\par\pard\li185
3\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {TEMPERATURES}\tab \fs2
112.0}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {TEMPERATURES
30.0 }\par\column\pard\li720\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i720\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {WATER }\par\pard\li720\ri0\s
40 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
25 }\par\column\pard\li720\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7
harscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs
72}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {
5 }{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {LMTD =
[(112-40)-(30-25)] / ln [(112-40)-(30-25)] = 25.11}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R = [11230] / \{40-25\} = 5.46}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {S = [40-25] / \{112-25\} = 0.172}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the graph of F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { against S at various R, we have }\par\pard\li1853\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {T}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 0.834}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then, LM
TD = 20.94}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3. ROUTI
NG:}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346
\slmult0 \*\tx3293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell Side }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= Sulfuric Acid }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li18
53\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube Side}\par\column\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Cooling Water }\par\pard\sect\
1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4. }\b0 \par\column\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\b {DETERMINATION OF AREA: }\b0 \par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Assume}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 630 W/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Then, Area can be calculated as, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn
12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\c
olw8146\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A }\par\colum
n\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1596.7 x 10}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / [630 x 20.94]

}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 121.03 m}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pgh
sxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\p
ard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CHOICE OF TUBES
:}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the tubing characteristics as given in }\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PERRY}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {,}\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {We choose the following dimensions
of the tube, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1 inch Outer Diameter tubes with 1.25 inch
Triangular Pitch,16BWG }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.0 inch }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25.4 mm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 0.87 inch }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 22.1 mm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}{\su
per \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 31.75 mm }\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Let us assume the tube to be of length of 6m.}\par\pard\sec
t\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\col
w4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw1320\colsr-0\colno3\colw6106\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of tubes }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 253}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ [
\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6. }\b0 \p
ar\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CORRECTION OF HEAT TRANSFER AREA: }\b0 \par\pard\l
rscalex100 {From the tube count table, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {We have For TEMA P or S (1- 4 Exchanger)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1 Shell Pass and 4 Tube Passes}\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of Shell, D}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 635 mm }\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of Tubes, N}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 250}\par\pard\sect\
1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corrected HT Area}\par\pard\
\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corrected U}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oc}}\par\column\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ [
[ }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 119.69 m}{\su

per \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 637.07 W/m}{\sup
er \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K }\par\pard\
rd\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {7. }\b0 \par\column\p
0\charscalex100\b {CALCULATION OF INSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT}\b0 \par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Area of the tubes, a}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { >}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ G}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { x N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] /
[ 4 x N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]}\par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sec
t\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.024 m}{\super \f
s16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw6706\pard
\li2520\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mass velocity}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {st}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {= 25.42 / 0.024}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {= 1059.16 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {-s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
lsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Velocity inside the tubes, V}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { P >}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {!}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] }\par\pard\li4746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1059.16 / 994.865}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.06 m/s }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The abov
e velocity is also within acceptable }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limits of 1 to
3 m/s. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
xn133\cols2\colno1\colw4706\colsr-0\colno2\colw6733\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reyn
olds Number, N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re }}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853

\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prandtl Number, N}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr}}\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [G}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {st}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {@}\par\pard\li706\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [1059.16 x}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22.1 x}
{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / 0.8 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
-3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 29260}\par\pa
rd\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 5.37}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rscalex100 {(h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / k) }\par\
pard\li2520\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {where,}\par\pard\li25
73\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {H}}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then,}\
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 { d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { / k) }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
j}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x (N}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) x (N}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {(1/3)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0036}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-400\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 184.45}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 5199 W/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { K}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rscalex100\b {8. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CALCULATION OF OUTSIDE HEA
T TRANSFER COEFFICIENT}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2880\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Length of tube }\tab
L = 6 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\t
x2160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Baffle Spacing, }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {
L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { = 0.266 x Ds }\par\pard\li3600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 168.9 mm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2160\*\tx3600\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Number of baffles, }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { +1}\tab \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {= 6 / L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li2880
arscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 35}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
3\cols2\colno1\colw2560\colsr-0\colno2\colw8880\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {v}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\c
olumn\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 { (P}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars

calex100 {- D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)
D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / P}{\sup
er \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= [(0.03175 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 { 0.0254) x 0.1689 x 0.635 / 0.03175}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.02145 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / (S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {= \{48572/3600\} / (0.02145 x 1850) }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.340 m/s}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\p
gwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The above
value of velocity is also in the range of 0.3 to 1m/s, so this is also }\par\pa
rd\li2533\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptable.}\par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sect
d\sbkpage
7;32768}}
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Equivalent Diameter, d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {e}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri
calex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
[d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {*@}\par\colu
f0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.1 \{31.75
}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 0.917 x 25.4}{\su
per \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \}/ 25.4}\pa
r\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 18.04 mm}\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ 629 x 18.04 x 10}{\super \fs1
6\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / 6.83 x 10}{\sup
er \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1661}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\

pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Pr}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 42.9}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-21
0 {From the graph, we have }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {j}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 0.019}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx3293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {(h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { d}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / k) }\tab \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= j}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 { (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
) (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {(1/3)}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= 103.65
}\par\column\pard\li186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li186\ri0\sl-106\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.14}\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\c
olno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3763 W/m}{\super \fs16\up4
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { K}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[
1 / U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] = [ 1
/ h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] + [ D}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ D}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] [ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] + [D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x ln \{D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\} / (2K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {)] }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {
+ [ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {od}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {] + [ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{/ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] [ 1 / h
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {id }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]
}\par\p
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Taking,}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15
840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\l
i2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {od}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1 / 3000 (m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K)/W }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {id
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1 / 5000
(m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K)/W
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\c
ols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ 1 / U}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] }\par\pard\li257
harscalex100 {U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 1.083 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { (m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {-K)/W }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 923 W/(m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex1

00 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K)}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\
pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw958
6\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
scalex100\b {9. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Note: As this value of U}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is greater than th
e corrected value of U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oc}}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {, so the design }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {with the above specifications is accepted. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION: }\b0 \par\pard
harscalex100\ul {For Tube side,}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul { }\ul0 \par\
ar\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f }\par\pard\li257
3\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li2573\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}}\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
0.079 x (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-0.25}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {= 0.00604}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
266\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {t}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\c

f0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / \{2 x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {\}}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 3666 N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 { [ >}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ 2] }\par\pard\li329
3\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1397 N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf
lsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {T}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard
\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 20252 N/m}{\super \fs16
\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {= 20.25 KPa}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Note: As the value of the
pressure drop is less than 70KPa, the design is }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptable from the tube side pressure drop co
nsideration. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {For Shell Side,}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\ul { }\ul0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pressure Drop in the Cross
Flow section is calculated by, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{b x f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{K}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x W}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {` }{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m

}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
@ [ ^}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}{\super

\fs24\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.14}\par\pard\
\f0\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 1668}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx3293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {b}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {-3 }}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.25}\par\p
ard\li2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx3293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 18
50 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(W) = 13.49 Kg/s }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ( 1 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 2 \{L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {\} ) / P}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { ]}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 635 x (1-2 x 0.25) / 22}\par\pard\li3946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {= 14.43}\par\pard\li3986\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 14.5}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{2 x 10}{\super \fs16
\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 0.25 x 13.49}{\sup
er \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 15\}/( 1850
x 0.02145}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{)] }\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.55 KP
a}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pressure Drop in End Zones is calculated as, }\pa
r\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KN/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KN/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw3493\colsr-0\colno2\colw5560\colsr-0\colno3\colw2386
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {e}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ( 1 + \{N}{\sub \fs16\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cw }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\} ) }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{KN/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\p
gwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw9053\colsr-0\col
no2\colw2386\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-320
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cw}}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.8 l}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { / P}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [0.8 x 0.25 x 635] / 22}\par\pard\
li3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 6 }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\

sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.55 [1 + ( 6 / 14.5 )] }\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.191 KPa}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Press
ure Drop in Window Zones}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li2573\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ b x W}{
\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x ( 2 + 0
.6 N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) / \{ S
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x S}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \}]
}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
harscalex100 {KN/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sec
td\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3280
\colsr-0\colno2\colw8160\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li257
3\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-293\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\c
olumn\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 5 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {wg}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { - S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {wt}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the g
raph from }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PERRY Fig. 10-18, Pg. 10-29}\b0 \par\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wg }}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= 100 inch}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li329
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0645 m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf
lsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li2573\ri
0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{wt}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2533\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= ( N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 8 )
x ( 1 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { F}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ '}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs

16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573
\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the graph from }\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {PERRY Fig. 10-16, Pg. 10-28}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3280\colsr-0\co
lno2\colw8160\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-36
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\pa
r\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {wt}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li25
charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= 0.65 }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2720\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= (250 / 8) x ( 1 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 { 0.6}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ }{\super \fs16\up5\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2

}}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0222 m}{\sup
er \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= S}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {wg}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { - S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {wt}}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.
0645 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 0.022
2}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0423 m}{\sup
er \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
pard\li2573\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ 5
x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x
13.49}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x
( 2 + 0.6 x 6 ) / \{0.02145 x 0.0423 x 1850\}] }\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.303 KPa}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Therefo
re the total Pressure Drop on the shell side is calculated by the following }\pa
r\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {relation}\par\pard\
\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (TOTAL) }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { [}{
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {e}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \uc1\u8211X}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\

f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2 x 2.191 + 35 x 1.55 + 36 x 0.303}
\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 69 KPa}\par\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {As this value of Pressure Drop on the shell side is less t
han the 70 KPa, the design }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {is acceptable from the Pressure Drop Point of View. }\par\pard\li113
harscalex100 {Thus, the design is acceptable from process design consideration.
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {SUMMARY OF PROCESS DESIGN FOR HEAT EXCHANGER}\b0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
hsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mass flow rate of acid }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mass flow rate of water }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\s
l-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell outer diameter }\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of tubes }\par\pard\li1
133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube OD }\par\pard\li1133\ri
0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pitch (Triangular) }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube length }\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell side pressure drop }\par\par
d\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube side pressure drop
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Heat Exchanger
type }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 13.49 Kg/s }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25.42 Kg/s }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 635 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {= 250}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= 1 inch }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1
.25 inch }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 6 m }\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 69 KPa}\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 20 KPa}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
80\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= TEMA P or S type 1-4 Heat Exchanger }\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard
\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
7;32768}}
18\cf0\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {MECHANIC
AL DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\co
lw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
0\f0\charscalex100 {Working Pressure }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Inlet Temperature }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design pressure }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of tubes }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell diameter }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1 atm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 110}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 1.1 atm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25
0}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 635 mm }\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li113
harscalex100 {The entire mechanical design is referred from the literature in }\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PROCESS EQUIPMENT}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {DESIGN}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b
y}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { M.V JOSHI. }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
1. SHELL THICKNESS}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Material: IS 2825-1969 Grade
I plain Carbon steel. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell thickness ,
(t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\tab \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 { \}/ ( 2fJ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 { P )]}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {= [\{635 x 1.1\} / (2 x 95 x 0.85 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u82
11X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 1.1)] }\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4.29 cm}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 5 mm }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the Table 9.2, its f
ound that minimum shell thickness when severe }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conditions are not expected is 8mm, which include
s the Corrosion Allowance. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa

rd\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2. NOZZLES}\b0 \par\p
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Take inlet and outlet nozzles as 100mm diameter. }\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\coln
o1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vent nozzle
}\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Drain nozzle
}\pa
r\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Relief Valve
}\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nozzle thickness}\
par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25mm diameter }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25mm diameter }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 50 mm diameter. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / \{ 2 f J - P \}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.68 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1
5840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Minimum nozzle thickness is
6mm and 8mm is choosen which includes the }\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {corrosion}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {allowance.}\pa
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Also only the inlet and outlet nozzles need compensati
on. The compensation }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {required is minimum and is given by pads of 10mm thickness. }\par\pard\li1
\charscalex100\b {3. HEAD}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Torispherical heads a
re taken for both ends. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rscalex100 {R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
(Crown radius) }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 635 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
none\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nk}}\fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 { (knuckle radius) }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Head thickness (

t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )}\par\pard
\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li4013\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\
sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Head thickness ( t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Head thickness}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
0 {= 63.5 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ P x R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x W ] / \{ 2 f J \}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (1
/4) x [ 3 + (R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
/ R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nk}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}{\super
\fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ]}\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.54 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
{= [ P x R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x W
] / \{ 2 f J \}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
6.66 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Therefore we take Head Thickness as that of the She
ll Thickness = 8mm }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4. TRANSVERSE BAFFLES}\b0 \pa
r\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*
\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of Baffles}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= 35}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Baffl
e cut = 25% }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Baf
fle thickness = 6mm (standard) }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1
5840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\
\f0\charscalex100\b {5. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { TIE RODS AND SPACE
RS }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of tie rods = 10mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of Spacers = 8mm }\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0
alex100\b {6. FLANGE DESIGN}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Flange is ring type
with plain face. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Flange material: IS 2004-1962 Cl
ass 2 Carbon Steel }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Bolting steel: 5% Chromium, Molybdenum Steel }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G
asket Material: Asbestos }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1853
arscalex100 {Shell OD }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Shell Thickness }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Shell ID }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.635 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.008 m (g) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.627 m }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Allowable
stress for flange material = 100 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Allowable stres
s of bolting material = 138 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par

18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6 (i).
DETERMINATION OF GASKET WIDTH }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
xn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw6146\colsr-0\colno2\colw5293\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Minimum design yield seating stress , y }\par\pard\li2520\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{factor,}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx4733\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Outer Diameter }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 68
0 mm }\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 52.386 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.
75}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Inner}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter = 650 mm
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mean G
asket Diameter, G}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 665 mm }\par\pard\li1853\ri
0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Minimum gasket width, }\par\pard\li
3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Choose N }\tab \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 30 mm. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Basic gasket seating width, b}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 30/2 }\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 15 mm }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Effective Gas
ket Seating Width, b }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
\charscalex100\b {6 (ii). ESTIMATION OF BOLT LOADS }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.5 x [b}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]}{\super \fs16
\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch

arscalex100 {= 9.7 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Under atmospheric conditions, the bo
lt load due to gasket reaction is given by }\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 { b G y }\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 2 x 665
x 52.39}\par\pard\li5400\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1061 K
N}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Load due to design pressure }\par\pard\li4013\ri0
\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= H+H}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}}\par\
pard\li4013\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { =}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P/4 + }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G(2b)mp}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 549.23 KN }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { > W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Hence, the controlling load is W}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6 (iii). CALCU
LATION OF MINIMUM BOLTING AREA:}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pgh
sxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw6706\p
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 { = A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= W / S }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S = allowable stress for bolting material }\par\
ar\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1061 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/138 = 7688.4 mm}{\super \fs16\up4\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6 (iv). CALCULATION OF OPTIMUM
BOLT SIZE. }\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bolts are of 5% Cr Mo Steel }\par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\col
no1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw6706\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of bolts }\p
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter
of bolts }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl
x100\b {7. FLANGE THICKNESS}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of flange
, t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= G / [b
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 2.5] }\par\
pard\li693\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 665 / [15 x}\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 18 bolts }\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [(A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscale

x100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / Number of bolts ) x ( 4 / }\fs24\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) ]}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {1/2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {= 24 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
0 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(p/K
f) ] + C }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C is the Corrosion allowance}
\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is radial distance from gask
et load reaction to bolt circle }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx4733\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hydrostatic end force, H }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /4
) G}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}\pa
r\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 38.69 KN }\par\pa
o1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw720\colsr-0\colno3\colw6706\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-21
ard\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\par
\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=1/[ 0.3 + \{( 1
.5 W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { h}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / (H x G)\}] }\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
none\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr
-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B
}\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then
, h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Outside diameter of Gasket + 2xDiameter of Bolt +12mm
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 680 + 2 x 24 +
12}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 740 mm}\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 37.5 mm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1/[ 0.3
+ \{( 1.5 W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { h
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / (H x G)\}]
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.382}\par\pard
harscalex100 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {(p/Kf) ] + C }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 35.8 + C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 38 m
m }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hence the thickness
of flange = 38 mm }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133
arscalex100\b {TUBE SIDE }\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Material:Stainless s
teel ( IS- grade 10) }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of tube = t}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = \{P x D}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\} / ( 2 f J + P) }\par\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Working pressure }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 12 N/
mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design pressure, P }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {= 14 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li25
73\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permissible Stress, f = 100.6
N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\coln
o2\colw6706\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Joint Eff
iciency, J}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
1}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1133\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1. }\b0 \par\column\par
d\li720\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx2880\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of tub
e }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.65 mm }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-280\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Use tube with thickness of 2mm }\par\pard\li720\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {No Corrosion allowance, since the tubes are of stainless steel. }\par\p
0\charscalex100\b {TUBE SHEET }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {The tube sheet is held between shell flange and the channel. Th
e joint on the shell }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {flange side is of male and female facing and on the channel side of ring faci
ng, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {since the pres
sure on the channel }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margls
xn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5453\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li1853\ri0\
lex100 {Thickness of Tube Sheet , t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ts }}\par\
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= FG}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\

f0\charscalex100 {[(0.25 P)/f]}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15
840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
3\margtsxn666\margbsxn413\cols3\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw1440\colsr-0\
colno3\colw5986\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li25
06\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\column\pard\li0\ri
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { F }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.25 }\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw
5453\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Thickness of tube sheet }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {= 155 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15
840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\l
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2. }\b0 \par\co
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CHANNEL AND C
HANNEL COVER }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Material :Carbon Steel }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\mar
glsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw2880\colsr-0\colno
3\colw6706\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\s
0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Permissible stress,f }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li720\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For Ring type gasket
}\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of channel, t}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par

\f0\charscalex100\b {GASKET SIZE }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Width of ring gaske
t, N}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 95 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=0.3 }\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=G}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { [(K x P) /f ]}\par\pard\l
i640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=140 mm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri
scalex100 {= 30 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket material: Steel Jacketed Asbesto
s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
18\cf0\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {factor,}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}\par\column\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 5.5}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margl
sxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mi
nimum design seating stress, Y}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 126.6 N / mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\p
no1\colw5453\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Basic gasket seating width, b}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
o}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmu
ex100 {Effective gasket seating width,b }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mean diameter, G }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design
pressure, P = 14 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= N / 8}\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 30 / 8 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.75 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= b}{\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {= 665 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Under atmospheric conditions, the bolt
load due to gasket reaction is given by }\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= }\fs24\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { b G Y}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {a}}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 991.8 KN }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li18
53\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {After the internal pressure is
applied, the gasket which is compressed earlier, is }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {released to some extent and the bolt load
is given by }\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0\s
l-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 2 b x G x m x P + ( }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u
960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4 )G}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { P}\par\pard\li5453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {= 6069 KN}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220X}\fs24\cf0\

f0\charscalex100 {f }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8221X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 { is permissible tensile stress in bolts under atmospheric condition }\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\
sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bolt Material: 5%Cr Mo Steel,}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 140.6 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= area of bolt }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn122
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
harscalex100 {Number of bolts}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /
f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7075 mm}{\super \fs16\up4
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= W}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / f}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {= 43165 mm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li720\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= (mean diameter) / 10 x 2.5}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 26 bolts }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
xn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {To determine the size of
bolts , the larger of above two areas should be considered}\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw1853\c
olsr-0\colno2\colw3600\colsr-0\colno3\colw5986\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
scalex100\b {5. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of bolts,D}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
arscalex100\b {THICKNESS OF NOZZLE}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [( A}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / Number of bolts
) x ( 4 / }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
)]}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1/2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 46 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Considering inlet and
outlet diameter to be 100mm, then thickness of the nozzle is }\par\pard\li2546\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {given by,}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
knone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw1853\cols
r-0\colno2\colw2880\colsr-0\colno3\colw6706\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of
nozzle, t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permissible stress, f }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Joint Efficiency, J}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of nozzles
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {FLANGE T
HICKNESS: }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / [2 x f J }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { P]}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 95 N/ mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.85}\par\pard\l
rscalex100 {=10 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Flange material: IS 2004-1962 Class 2 C
arbon Steel }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
l-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of the Flange , t}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(P/Kf) ] + C }\par\pard\li2506\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C is the Corrosion allowance}\par\pard\li18
53\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Allowable stress for flange ma
terial, f = 100 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1853
arscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
is radial distance from gasket load reaction to bolt circle }\par\pard\li1853\r
i0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hydrostatic end force, H
}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /4) G}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\par\pard\li5400\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {= 4863 KN}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw720\colsr-0\colno3\col
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Wher

e, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {G}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {=1/[ 0.3 + \{( 1.5 W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 { h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) /
(H x G)\}] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\
lno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {B }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {= Outside diameter of Gasket + 2xDiameter of Bolt +12mm }\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 680 + 2 x 46 + 12}\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 784 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
knone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then, h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\par\par
f0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i2653\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then,}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\
sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f
}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211
X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 60 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 1/[ 0.3 + \{( 1.5 W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2 }}\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {) / (H x G)\}] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 2.1326}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(P/Kf) ] + C }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {= 170 + C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {= 175 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margls
xn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
l-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hence the thickness of flange = 175 mm
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {SUPPORT FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER }\b0
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\co
\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Length of th
e heat exchanger, L }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Inner diameter of Shell, D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\pard\l
i1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Outer diameter of Shell, D}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of Shell, t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}
\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Outer diameter o
f tube, d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of tubes, N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {t}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-373\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Density of Steel,}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'HQVLW\\ RI /LTXLG LQ WXEHV }\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V
olume of Shell body, V }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Weight of Shell b
ody, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Volume of Tubes, V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {t}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\
lex100 {Total Weight of Tubes, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\pard\
\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Volume of Head,
V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Weight of Head, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {h}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 6000 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 635 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {= 643 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mm
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25.4 mm }\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 250}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
0 {= 7850 Kg /m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1000 Kg /m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-3
86\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960
X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4) ( D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) x L }\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0482 m}{\super \fs16\up4
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= V x }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 379 Kgs}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= ( }\fs24\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4 ) ( d}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { d}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 { ) x L x N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.185 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {3 }}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-3
73\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}

\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= 1453 Kgs}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.087 D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.022 m}{\super
\fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {s}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
13\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Weight of Liquid, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {l}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri
calex100 {Total Weight, W }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {
= 173 Kgs }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= ( }\fs24\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4) (d}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{) x L x N x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {l}}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {577 Kgs}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= W}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+ W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\par\pa
rd\li720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2582 Kgs }\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd
\sbkpage
7;32768}}
3\margtsxn666\margbsxn400\cols3\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw720\colsr-0\c
olno3\colw5986\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Depth of head, }\par\
8\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N
ow, we calculate, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li

\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H }\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
00 {Q }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
l-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25.82 KN }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 250 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (W/2) }\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 12.91 KN-m}\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li185
3\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Distance of saddle center line
from shell end , }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5453\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li4733\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.4 x R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.4 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {(635/2)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 127 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {LONGITUDINAL BENDING MOMENTS }\b0 \par\par
d\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno
1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw1440\colsr-0\colno3\colw5986\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-21
0 {Radius, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dept
h of head, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.317 m }\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.250 m }\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
00 {The bending moment at the supports is }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\column
\f0\charscalex100 {= QA [ 1 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 { \{(A/L)+ (R}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {- H}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {) / 2 AL\}/\{1 + 4H/3L\}] }\par\pard\li680\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 80.12 N-m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The bending moment at
the center of the span is given by }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
pard\li2573\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= (Q L / 4)[\{1+ 2 ( R}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {- H}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { ) / L}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 { \}/\{1+ 4H / 3L\} - ( 4A / L) ] }\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 16745 N-m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {STRESS I
N SHELL AT THE SADDLE}\b0 \par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li640\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \*\tx1440\*\tx2160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For}\tab
\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u952X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=120}\fs

18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.
107}\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.192}\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of shell, t = 8 mm}\par\p
no1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-2
00 {f}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {/( k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f1\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { t) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 297 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \
fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16
\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
/( k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960
X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { R}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { t) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {= 165.2 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\chars
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{3. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {STRESS IN THE SHELL AT MID- SPAN}\b0
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The stress at the mid span is f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, which is either tensile or compressive
depending }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on the
position of the fiber. The resultant tensile stresses ( including the axial }\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stress due to internal
pressure ) should not exceed the permissible stress, and the}\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {resultant compressive stress should n
ot exceed the permissible compressive stress }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
xn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2
\colw7426\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-373\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\co
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 { /(}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {R}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t )
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=6.63 x}{ }\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkp
age

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18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Axial Stre
ss in Shell due to internal pressure }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
ghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\par\column\pard
harscalex100 {= (P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { )/ (4 t) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 2.262 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {All combined stresses
( f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + f}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) , ( f}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+ f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) , and ( f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) are well within }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {allowable limits. Hence, the given parameters
can be considered for design. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thus a shell and tu
be Heat Exchanger with the above specifications is designed. }\par\pard\sect\sec
td\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpa
ge
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f0\f0\charscalex100\b \ul {BASIS:}\b0 \ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \ul { }\
b0 \ul0 \par\column\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1306\ri0
\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {COOLER}\b0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PROCESS DESIGN OF COOL
ER:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1
lw7253\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1 HOUR OF OPERATION}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\s
{GIVEN:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {TH
E FLUIDS ARE: }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0
\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {WATER:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b { }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\

ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {INLET TEMPERATURE
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25}{\super \fs14\u
p3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-30
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OUTLET TEMPERATURE}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {40}{\super \fs12\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols
2\colno1\colw6173\colsr-0\colno2\colw5266\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PROCESS GAS:
}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\li4000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li4000\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {INLET}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {TEMPERATURE}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 202.41}{
\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li4026\r
i0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx6173\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OUTLET}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {TEMPERATURE}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 110}{\super \fs14\up3\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\
{The Process gas which consists of mixtures of Sulphur Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide,
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nitrogen (iner
t) and Oxygen are cooled from a high temperature to a lower temperature}\par\par
d\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in a Shell and Tube Type
Heat Exchanger. Water which enters the Heat Exchanger at }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {room temperature is heated to 40}{\su
per \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C and comes out
of the system. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
00 {BULK TEMPERATURE OF THE GAS MIXTURE }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (202.41
+ 110)/2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 156.20}
{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\
rscalex100 {PROPERTIES OF }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \ul {WATER}\b0 \ul0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { AT BULK TEMPERATURE OBTAINED FROM THE}\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {LITERATURE ARE AS FOLLOWS: }\par\
ar\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
PROPERTIES }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
NUMERICAL VALUE
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmul
t0 \*\tx5560\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1. BULK TEMPERATURE OF WATER }\tab \fs
32.5 }{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1
lw5880\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { '(16,7<}{ }\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY, C}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4. THERMAL COND
UCTIVITY, K }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 9,
6&26,7<}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
994.86 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
4.18
7 KJ/Kg-K }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.623 W/m-K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {
0.8 Centipoise }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
xn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For the gas
mixture, the only known property is its specific heat and other properties of }\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the gas mixture a
re predicted using the Transport Phenomena considerations. The}\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {properties which have to be predi
cted are namely viscosity and thermal conductivity. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For the Gas Mixture,
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY, C}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Pg}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 1.041 KJ/Kg-K }\par\pard\li1133\r
d\li1133\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PROPERTIES OF }\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {PROCESS GAS}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ARE PREDICTED
AS MENTIONED BELOW: }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Based on the Literature on }\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {TRANSPORT PHENOMENA BY BIRD, }\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 { we have the }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {following : }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {CALCULATION OF VISCOSITY OF
GAS MIXTURE:}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul { }\ul0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl
x100 {The Critical constants data are given }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn
12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\c
olw3746\colsr-0\colno3\colw4400\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
COMPONENT }\par
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.
N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.
O}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {3.
SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.

SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulk temperature}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pressu
re }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
COMPONENT }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1.
N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.
O}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.
SO}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {4.
SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\column\pard\li800\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {
CRITICAL }\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {
TEMPERATURE(K)}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24
126.2}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
154.4}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-280\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
430.7 }\par\pard\li800\ri0\
sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
490.8}\par\pard\li0\
alex100 {= 154.29 + 273}\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 427.29 K}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
2.13 atm }\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-21
{
T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { (K)}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
3.380}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
2.760}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {
0.990 }\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {
0.870}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
CRI
TICAL }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
P
RESSURE(ATM)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
77.8}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {
83.6 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
P}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(ATM)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {
0.06358}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.04285}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
0.02730}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.02550}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1266\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { for each component is then calculated by the equati
on as, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 7.7 x (M)}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x (P}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(2/3)}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
x (T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {(-1/6)}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li185
3\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where M is the Molecular weight
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tabulating the

Data that are obtained from the graph as well as from the calculation, }\par\pa
o1\colw3626\colsr-0\colno2\colw1946\colsr-0\colno3\colw2133\colsr-0\colno4\colw3
COMPONENT }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.
N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.
O}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {3.
SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.
SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {3}}\par\column\pard\li573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li573\ri0\sl373\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (poise)}\
1.6 }\par\
1.2}\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.45 }\par\pard\li
0.38 }\par\column\pa
rd\li506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {c}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (poise)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
1.89 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {-6}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {
254.2 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-6}}\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
408.5 x10}{\super \fs16\up
3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-6 }}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {
468.8 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-6 }}\par\co
lumn\pard\li693\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li693\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SRLVH
3.024 x 1
0}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
3.0504 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {-4}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
1.
8380 x10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4 }}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\s
1.7810 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {-4 }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw5573\colsr-0\colno2\colw2826\colsr-0\colno3\col
0 \*\tx3626\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
COMPONENT }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {
MOLE
}\par\pard\li3626\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {
FRACTION }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
MOLECULAR }\par\pa
WEIGHT }\par\colum
n\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {SRLVH
rd\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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0.3
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arscalex100 {
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1.008}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
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1.000}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
1.659}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.607}\par\p
0.602}\par\pard\li0
1.000}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
1.032}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.583
0.968}\par\p
1.000}\par\column\p
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rscalex100 {
100 {
2.2
02}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \f
\f0\charscalex100 {
1.000}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {
100 {
2.089}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
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1.134}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
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ex100 {[}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ij}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li0\ri
1.129}\par\pard\li0\ri0
harscalex100 {
1.0625}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.5871}\pa
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
0.5142}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In the above tab
ular column, the value of}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {ij}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is calculated by the equation, }\p
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ij}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {= (1/}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[ > 0}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /}{ }

\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { )}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-0.5}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{@ [ > }{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )}{\super \fs16
\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x (M}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {j}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )}\fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.25}{\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ]}}\fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {2}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw3040\colsr-0\colno2\colw1066\colsr-0\colno3\colw73
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mix }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {> [}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl
0 {[}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}{\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ij}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) ]}\par\pard\sect\sec
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{0.8301 x 3.024 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}/1.129] + [\{0.06479 x
3.0504 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {\}/1.0625] }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
+ [\{0.003467 x 1.838 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}/0.5871] + [\{.1016 x 1.781 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}/0.5142] }\par\pard\li2573\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.772 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { g-cm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {-1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-s}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {-1 }}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 2.772 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { Kg/ms }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}

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7;32768}}
}

}
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {CALCULATION OF TH
ERMAL CONDUCTIVITY:}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul { }\ul0 \par\pard\li1133\
rscalex100 {COMPONENT
P}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {r}\ul0 }\
T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {r}\ul
0 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {r}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
K }\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols5\colno1\colw284
0\colsr-0\colno2\colw1453\colsr-0\colno3\colw1426\colsr-0\colno4\colw2880\colsr0\colno5\colw2840\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.
N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.0635}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
3.380}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 1.024 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{-4 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
1}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 1.024 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {-4 }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw2840\colsr-0\colno2\colw1453\colsr-0\colno3\colw1426\c
olsr-0\colno4\colw5720\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{2.
O}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \*\tx2880\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 9.459 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {-5 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.78
}\tab \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 { 7.370 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5 }}\par
olno1\colw2840\colsr-0\colno2\colw1453\colsr-0\colno3\colw1426\colsr-0\colno4\co
lw2880\colsr-0\colno5\colw2840\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {3.
SO}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.
SO}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {3}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0
.0273}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.0255}\
par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.990}\
0.870}\par\col
umn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 3.893 x 10}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.33}\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 4.025 x 10}{\super \
fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
0.28}\pa
r\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 1.284 x 10}{\s
uper \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5 }}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 1.127 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5 }}
f0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K}{\sub \fs16\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is calculated from the rel
ation given by, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
00 {K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ C}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 50
@ [}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
3\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where value of R is 1.987 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
\colno2\colw1106\colsr-0\colno3\colw7293\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K}\fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {mix }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {> [}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\p
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {-}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ij}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {) ]}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{0.8301 x 1.0
24 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
\}/1.129] + [\{0.06479 x 7.370 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/1.0625] }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + [\{0.003467 x 1.285 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {-5}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}/0.5871] + [\{.1016 x 1.127 x 10}{
\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}/0.5142
] }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 8.21 x 10}{
\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-5 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cal / scm-K }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 344.8 x
10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { J/sm-K }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1. HEAT LOAD:}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-21
0 {With,
m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {131518.5 Kg/Hr }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 36.5 Kg/s}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Q = m}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x C}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Pg}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ >}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7@}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gas }\par\pard\l
i2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 131518 x 1.041 x 10}{\sup
er \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x (202.41 }\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 110) }\par\pa
rd\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 12.65 x 10}{\super \f
s16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { J/Hr }\par\pard\li
2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.514 x 10}{\super \fs16\u
p4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { J/s}\par\pard\li1853\ri
calex100 {As the values of Mass Flow Rate (m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) and Heat Load (Q) are on higher side, we}\par\pa
rd\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {split the entire flow r
ate into 4 equal parts so that we have 4 equal area heat }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
l-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exchangers operating in parallel and w
hich are handling equal heat load. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {So, we have }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {
m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g}}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { = 9.13 Kg/s }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx257
3\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Q}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 878.5 x 1
0}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { J/s}\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Overall Heat Balan
ce gives, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {x 4187 x 15 =
878.5 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 13.98 Kg/s }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2.

LMTD:}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\cols3\colno1\colw6893\colsr-0\colno2\colw1440\colsr-0\colno3\colw3106\par
GAS MIXTURE }\par\pa
rd\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {TEMPERATURES}\
tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
202.41}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {WATER }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\
40 }\par\column\pard\li720\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slm
162.4}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
53\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {TEMPERATURES}\tab \fs
110.0}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
25 }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
85 }{\super \fs14
\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L
MTD =[(202.41-40)-(110-25)] / ln[(202.41-40)/(110-25)] = 119.5}{\super \fs14\up3
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-21
0 {R = [202.41-110] / \{40-25\} = 6.16}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S = [40-25] / \{202.41-25\} = 0.0846}\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the graph, we have }\par\pard\l
i1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {T}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 0.98}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The
n, LMTD = 116.6}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {C}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3. ROUTING:}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell Side }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube Side}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s

lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= P
rocess Gas }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Cooli
ng Water }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4
. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {DETERMINATION OF AREA: }\b0 \par\pard\li6
harscalex100 {Assume}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 200 W/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then, Area can be calculated as, }\par\pard\
colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {A }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 878.5 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {/ [ 116.6 x 200] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {=37.67 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\col
sr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri
0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {CHOICE OF TUBES:}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the tubing characteristi
cs as given in }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PERRY}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {We choose the
following dimensions of the tube, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.75 inch Outer Diame
ter tubes with 1 inch Triangular Pitch }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.75 inch }\par\pard\li720\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.01905m}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-30
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.62 inch }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.01575m}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {P}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 0.0254m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-30
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Let us assume the tube to be of length of
2m.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
3\cols3\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw1200\colsr-0\colno3\colw6226\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of tubes }\par\column\
f0\charscalex100 {= 314.728}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {[ [
\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6. }\b0 \p
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CORRECTION OF HEAT TRANSFER AREA: }\b0 \par\pard\l
rscalex100 {From the tube count table, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {We have For TEMA L or M (1-6 Exchanger)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1 Shell Pass and 6 Tube Passes}\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of Shell, D}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 540mm }\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sec
td\sbkpage
7;32768}}
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of Tubes, N}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 320}\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1
\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {External Area }\par\c
olumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0598 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/m length }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
hsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corrected HT Area}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.059
8 x (2 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 0.0
5) x 320}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 37.31
m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsx
n12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\
colw7426\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-373\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corrected U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o
c}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 878.5 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / (37.31 x 116.6) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 201.93 W/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsx
n12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {7. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CALCU
LATION OF INSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws

xn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5453\colsr-0\colno2
\colw5986\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Flow area available per pass, a}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx520\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { >}\tab \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {[ G}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / [ 4 x N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 0.01039 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
00 {Velocity inside the tubes, V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { P >}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {[ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ]
}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 13.98 / [ 9
94.86 x 0.01039 ] }\par\pard\li5386\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 1.3524 m/s}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
0 {Reynolds Number, N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re }}\par\pard\li1853\ri
\li1853\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prandtl Number, N}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr}}\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ 994.86 x 0.0
1575 x 1.3524 ] / 0.8 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 26488}\par\pard\li26\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {= 5.37}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(
h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { d}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / k) }\par\pard\li1853\r
scalex100 {
h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\column\pard\
li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {= 0.023 (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {)}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.8}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 { (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1/3)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {= 139}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 5498 W/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { K}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {8. }
\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CALCULATION OF OUTSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFIC
IENT}\b0 \par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \*\tx3506\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Length}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
the}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tube,}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2m}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Let, the number of baffles,
N}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1}\par\pard\li2160\
rscalex100 {
N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 { +1 = L / L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsx

f0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\par\pard\li1826\ri0
\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}\par\pard\li18
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\column\pard
harscalex100 {= [ L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { (P}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) D}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / P}{\super \fs16\up3
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {= [(0.0254 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { 0.01905) x 0.540] / 0.0254}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {= 0.135 m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0
calex100 {= W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
/ S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 9.13 / 0.135}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 67.64 Kg/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-s }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= PM / RT }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (2.13 x 33.6) / (0.082 x 429) }\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.044 Kg/m}{\super \fs1
6\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15
7;32768}}
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { '*}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= [ 0.01905 x 67.64 ] / 2.772 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {-5}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4648
4}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-373\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.8368}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the graph, we have }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j = 4 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {-3}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
0 {(h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { d}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / k)}\par\pard\li257
pard\li2573\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= j (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Pr}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1/3)}\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 175.1
}\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 316.7 W/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 { K}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ 1 / U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] = [ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] + [ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {/ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {] [ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {] + [D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x ln
\{D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/D}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\} / (2K}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)] }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl
+ [ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {od}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] + [ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] [ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {id }}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]
}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li2560\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Taking,}\par\pard\sec
t\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\col
w4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {[ 1 / h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {od}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {] }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1 /
3000 (m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
-K)/W }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ 1 / h}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {id }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {] }\tab \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1 / 5000 (m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K)/W }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
ghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ 1 / U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {] }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li25
73\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-3
20\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.99 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {-3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K)/W }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 250.47 W/(
m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-K)}\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\
colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
3\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {9. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\

alex100 {Note: As this value of U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 { is greater than the corrected value of U}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {oc}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, so the design }\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {with the above specifications is a
ccepted. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PRE
SSURE DROP CALCULATION: }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {For Tube side,}\ul0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul { }\ul0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
0\f0\charscalex100 {f }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{L}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.079 x (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-0.25}\par\pard\l
i666\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 6.193 x}{\super \fs16\up4\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li240\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {t}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\c

f0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / \{2 x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {\}}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 2851.08 N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sect
d\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213
{}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 { [ >}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}
}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ 2] }\par\pard\li
3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2266.06 N/m}{\super \fs16\
up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1584
7;32768}}
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {T}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard
\li3306\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 30702.8 N/m}{\super \fs
16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 30.7 KPa}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Note: As the value of th
e pressure drop is less than 70KPa, the design is }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptable from the tube side pressure drop c
onsideration. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {For Shell Side,}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\ul { }\ul0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pressure Drop in the Cros
s Flow section is calculated by, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
f0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{b x f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{K}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x W}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {` }{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {

m}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
@ [ ^}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}\fs24\c

f0\f0\charscalex100 {\}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.14}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl
x100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Re}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4648
4}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KN/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\col
s2\colno1\colw3293\colsr-0\colno2\colw8146\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {-3 }}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.12}\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\l
i2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx3293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {v}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.044 K
g/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g}}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {(W) = 9.13 Kg/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\par\column\pard\li
scalex100 {= [ D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ ( 1 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 2 \
{L}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/D}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\} ) / P}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ]}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 540 x (1-2 x 0.25) / 22}\par\pard\li653\ri0\
sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 12.27}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{2 x 10}{\super \fs16\u
p4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 0.12 x 9.13}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 12.27\}/( 2.04
4 x 0.135}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{)] }\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 6.6 KPa}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pressure Drop in End Zones is calculated as, }\par\
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KN/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pa
o1\colw3493\colsr-0\colno2\colw5560\colsr-0\colno3\colw2386\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-2
00 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}}\par\colu
f0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ( 1 + \{N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{cw }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/ N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\} ) }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KN/m}{\super \fs16\
0\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw9053\colsr-0\colno2\colw2386\pard\li2
\charscalex100 {N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 0.8 l}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /
P}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [0.8 x 0.25 x 540] / 22}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 5 }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\

charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 6.6 [1 + ( 5 / 12.27 )] }\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {= 9.28 KPa}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pressure Drop in Window Zon
es}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-373\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ b x W}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x ( 2 + 0.6 N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {cw}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) / \{ S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \}] }\par\column\pard\li0
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {KN/m}{\s
uper \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\sl
00 {= 5 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-29
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wg}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { - S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wt}}\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbkpage
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the graph from
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PERRY Fig. 10-18, Pg. 10-29}\b0 \par\pard\li2573\
rscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wg }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 75 inch}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.04838 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\chars
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {wt}}\par\
column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2533\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= ( N}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 8 ) x ( 1 }\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { F}{\sub \fs16\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
[}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ '}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs

16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573
\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {From the graph from }\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {PERRY Fig. 10-16, Pg. 10-28}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\pa
r\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {wt}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li25
charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= 0.65 }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2720\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {= (320 / 8) x ( 1 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {
[}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[ }{\super \fs16\up5\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2

}}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.01596 m}{\su
per \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= S}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {wg}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { - S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {wt}}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
0.04838 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 0.
01596 }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.03242
m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn
12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= [ 5 x 10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-4}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { x 9.13}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 { x ( 2 + 0.6 x 5 ) / \{ 0.135 x 0.03242 x 2.044 \}] }\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 23.29 KPa}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\
{Therefore the total Pressure Drop on the shell side is calculated by the follow
ing }\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {relation}\p
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (TOTAL) }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ [}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {e}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + (N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \uc1\u8211X}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {
[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\

f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {b}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {3}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2 x 9.28 + 1 x 23.29}\par\pard\li33
06\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 41.856 KPa}\par\pard\li1853\
rscalex100 {As this value of Pressure Drop on the shell side is less than the 70
KPa, the design }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{is acceptable from the Pressure Drop Point of View. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-2
00 {Thus, the design is acceptable from process design consideration. }\par\pard
0\f0\charscalex100\b {SUMMARY OF PROCESS DESIGN FOR SINGLE COOLER}\b0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mass flow rate of process
gas = 9.13 Kg/s }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mass flow rate of water }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell outer diameter }\par\pa
rd\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of tubes }\par\p
ard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube OD }\par\pard\li
1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pitch (Triangular) }\par\par
d\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube length }\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell side pressure drop }\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tube side pressur
e drop }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cooler t
ype}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 13.98
Kg/s }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 540 mm }\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 320}\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.75 inch = 0.01905 m }\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1 inch = 0.0254 m }\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 41.86 KPa}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 30.7 KPa}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= TEMA L or M type 1-6 Heat Exchanger }\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\s
bkpage
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
f0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Working Pressu
re }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {MECHANICAL DESIGN OF COOLER}\b0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { }\b0 \par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.101 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
2}}\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.03 Kg/cm}{
\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn122
7426\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design Temperatu
re
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design pr
essure }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of tubes }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell diameter }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 150}{\super \fs14\up3\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.1084 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.105 Kg/cm}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 320}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 540 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The entire mechanical design is referred from
the literature in }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PROCESS EQUIPMENT}\b0 \par\pard
\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {DESIGN}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {by}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { M.V JOSHI. }\b0 \par\pard\l
f0\charscalex100\b {1. SHELL THICKNESS}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Material
: IS 2825-1969 Grade I plain Carbon steel. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx4013\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Shell thickness , (t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {)}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca

lex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \}/ ( 2fJ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\
uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { P )]}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [\{540 x 1.105 \} / (2 x 950 x 0.85 }\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 1.105)] }\par\pard\li4
013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.37 cm}\par\pard\li4013\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.7mm }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-21
0 {From the Table 9.2, its found that minimum shell thickness when severe }\par\
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conditions are not ex
pected is 8mm, which includes the Corrosion Allowance. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {2. NOZZLES}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Take inlet and outlet nozzles
as 100mm diameter. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margls
xn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\colno2\colw7426\pard\li1853\ri0\
lex100 {Vent nozzle
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Drain nozzle
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Relief Valve
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Nozzle thickness}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25mm diameter }\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25mm diameter }\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 50 mm diameter. }\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ] / \{ 2 f J - P \}}\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3.72mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\
{Minimum nozzle thickness is 6mm and 8mm is choosen which includes the }\par\par
d\li2493\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {corrosion}\fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {allowance.}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Also only the inlet and ou
tlet nozzles need compensation. The compensation }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {required is minimum and is given by pads of 10
mm thickness. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
{3. HEAD}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Torispherical heads are taken for bot
h ends. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (Crown radius) }
\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {nk}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (knuckle radius) }\par\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Head thickness ( t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )}\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {W }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-213\
{Head thickness}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 540 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 54 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [ P x R}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x W ] / \{ 2 f
J \}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (1/4) x [ 3 + (R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{c}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nk}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { ]}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{= 1.54 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4.836 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1
2240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Therefore we take Head Thickness as that of the Shell Thickn
ess = 8mm }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4. TRANSVERSE BAFFLES}\b0 \par\pard\li
1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx4013\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of Baffles}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Baffle cut = 25
% }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Baffle thickn
ess = 6mm (standard) }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margl
sxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0
alex100\b {5. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { TIE RODS AND SPACERS }\b0 \p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of tie rods = 10mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of Spacers = 8mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{6. FLANGE DESIGN}\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Flange is ring type with plai
n face. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design pressure }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 0.1084 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (external) }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Flan
ge material: IS 2004-1962 Class 2 Carbon Steel }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bolting steel: 5% Chromium, Molybdenum Steel }\p
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket Material: Asbestos }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell OD }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell Thickness }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Shell ID }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0
.540 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.008 m
(g) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.532 m }\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\l
f0\charscalex100 {Allowable stress for flange material = 100 N/mm}{\super \fs16\
up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Allowable stress of bolting material = 138 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up3\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\mar
glsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6 (i).
DETERMINATION OF GASKET WIDTH }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {/d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {As
sume a gasket thickness of 1.6mm }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Minimum design yield seating stress , y }\par\pard\li2520\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa
ctor,}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = [(y-Pm
)/(y-P(m+1))]}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\
ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 25.5 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 2.75}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Minimum gasket wid
th, N}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\s

0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basic
gasket seating width, b}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\l
i720\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {O}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = 1.002 m }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Let, d}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = B+10 }\par\pard\
li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.550 m}\par\pard\li1440
arscalex100 {= 0.550(1.002-1)/2
}\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.00055 m}\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 0.55 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Choose N = 40 mm. }\par
\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24
d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 0.630 m }\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li1440\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 40/2}\par\pard\li1440\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 20 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
knone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw6173\cols
r-0\colno2\colw5266\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Effective Gasket Seating Width, b }\
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.5 x [b}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 11.18}\par\pard\sect\sect
d\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213
{Diameter at location of gasket load reaction G = d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + N = 0.590 m }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-21
ard\li1133\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6 (ii). ESTIMATION
OF BOLT LOADS }\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853
\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Under atmospheric conditions, th
e bolt load due to gasket reaction is given by }\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-320\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 { b G y }\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 2 x
590 x 25.5}\par\pard\li5413\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 94.
53 KN}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Load due to design pressure }\par\pard\sect\s
013\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\
100 {= }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}{\s
uper \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P/4}\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 29.64 KN }\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {where P is the design pressure }\par\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Load to keep joint tight under operation: }\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage
7;32768}}
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\par\column\par
\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {G(2b)mp}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x (590) x
(4) x (2.75) x (0.1084) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 2.210 KN }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Total Operating Load,W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= H+H}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {T}}\par\pard\li5413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 31
.85 KN}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { > W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { Hence, the controlling load is W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {m1}}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6 (iii). CALCULATION OF MINIMUM BOLTING
AREA:}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = A}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= W / S }\par\pard\li666
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 94.53 x}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S
= allowable stress for bolting material }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn122
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 { = A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 94.53 x 10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {/138 = 685mm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1133\ri0
alex100\b {6 (iv). CALCULATION OF OPTIMUM BOLT SIZE. }\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\

lex100 {Bolts are of 5% Cr Mo Steel }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of bolts }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diameter of bolts }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-2
3\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {7. FLANGE THICKNESS}\b0 \par\
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of flange , t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{f}}\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-306\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C is the Corrosion allowance}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
00 {= G / [b}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x
2.5] }\par\pard\li693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 590 / [2
0 x}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 12 bolts }\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [(A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / Number of bolts ) x ( 4 / }\
fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) ]}{\super \f
s16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1/2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 9 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\
li0\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(p/Kf) ] + C }\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { is radial distance from gasket load reaction to bolt circl
e }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hydr
ostatic end force, H }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /4) G}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 29.63 KN }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12
w720\colsr-0\colno3\colw6706\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=1/[ 0.3 + \{( 1.5 W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / (H x G)\}] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-213\
i0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then, h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {G}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= Outside diameter of Gasket + 2xDiameter of Bolt +12mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 630 + 2 x 9 + 12}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 660mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {=0.035 m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn

7;32768}}
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1/[
0.3 + \{( 1.5 W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 { h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / (H x
G)\}] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.713}\par
\f0\charscalex100 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {(p/Kf) ] + C }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 14.8 + C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
20 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
xn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hence the thick
ness of flange = 20 mm }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
f0\charscalex100\b {TUBE SIDE }\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Material:Stainl
ess steel ( IS- grade 10) }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of tube = t}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { = \{P x D}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\} / ( 2 f J + P) }\p
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx4733\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Working pressure }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
12 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\s
lmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design pressure, P }\tab \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 14 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard
\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permissible Stress, f =
100.6 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
\colno2\colw6706\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Join
t Efficiency, J}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 1.0}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr

1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1. }\b0 \par\col
umn\pard\li720\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx2880\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness
of tube }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.24mm }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-280\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Use tube with thickness of 2mm }\par\pard\li
charscalex100 {No Corrosion allowance, since the tubes are of stainless steel. }
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {TUBE SHEET }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The tube sheet is held between shell flange and the chann
el. The joint on the shell }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {flange side is of male and female facing and on the channel side of rin
g facing, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {since th
e pressure on the channel }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5453\colsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li185
harscalex100 {Thickness of Tube Sheet , t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ts }
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li4013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { F }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Thickness of tube sheet }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= FG}\fs24\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[(0.25 P)/f]}\par\pard
pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1.25 }\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 140 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
one\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\colsr0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\s
ex100\b {2. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\
alex100\b {CHANNEL AND CHANNEL COVER }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Material :Carbon Steel }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgw
sxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno
2\colw6706\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-346\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permissible stress,f }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl
x100 {For Ring type gasket }\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T
hickness of channel, t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\par\column\pard\li0
calex100 {= 95 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0
\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=0.3 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=G}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { [(K x P) /f ]}\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=125 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
xn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {GASKET SIZE }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Wid
th of ring gasket, N}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Inner diameter, D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Outer diameter, D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {o}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 22 mm }\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.550 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.630 m }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket
material: Steel Jacketed Asbestos }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gasket}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {factor,}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {m}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 5.5}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
ne\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Minimum design seating stress, Y}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {a}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 126.6 N / mm}{\super \fs16\up4
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basic gasket seating width, b}{\
sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
26\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Effective gasket seating width,b }\par\pa
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mean diameter, G }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Design pressure, P = 14 N/mm}{\super \fs16\up
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {= N / 2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {= 22 / 2 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 11
mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 2.5 x (b}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.5}}\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 8.3 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= ( D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1

00 {i}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / 2 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {= 0.590 m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Under atmospheric conditions, the bo
lt load due to gasket reaction is given by }\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= }\fs24\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { b G Y}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {a}}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 1948 KN }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {After the internal pressure
is applied, the gasket which is compressed earlier, is }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {released to some extent and the bolt loa
d is given by }\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0
\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
m2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 2 b x G x m x P + ( }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1
\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4 )G}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { P}\par\pard\li5453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {= 6197 KN}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220X}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {f }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8221X}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 { is permissible tensile stress in bolts under atmospheric condition }
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bolt Material: 5%Cr Mo Steel,}\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5453\c
olsr-0\colno2\colw5986\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{f}\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-360\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\par\col
umn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 140.6 N/mm}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= area of bolt }\par\
ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Number of bolts}\par\column\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {m1 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m1
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}}\par\par
d\li720\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {13855 mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2}
}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2}}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 { / f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\par\pard\li720\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 44075 mm}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri
0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (mean diameter) / b}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x 2.5}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

7;32768}}
\pard\li5453\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 22 bolts }\par\par
f0\f0\charscalex100 {To determine the size of bolts , the larger of above two ar
eas should be considered}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw3600\colsr-0\coln
o3\colw5986\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\
d\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5. }\b0 \par\column\pa
\charscalex100 {Diameter of bolts,D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b}}\par\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {THICKNESS OF NOZZLE}
\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\sl
mult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [( A}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m2}}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / Number of bolts ) x ( 4 / }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )]}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {1/2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 51 m
m }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Considering inlet and outlet diameter to be 100mm, then
thickness of the nozzle is }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {given by,}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margl
sxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw1853\colsr-0\colno2\colw2880\colsr-0\colno3\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6. }\
b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of nozzle, t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {n}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Permis
sible stress, f }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Jo
int Efficiency, J}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Then,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of
nozzles
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {FLANGE THICKNESS: }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0
calex100 {= (P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {) / [2 x f J }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 { P]}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 95 N/
mm}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.85}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=10 mm }\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
x100 {Flange material: IS 2004-1962 Class 2 Carbon Steel }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
ex100 {Thickness of the Flange , t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {(P/Kf) ] + C }\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Where,}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{C is the Corrosion allowance}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Allowable stress for flange material, f = 100 N/mm}{\super \fs16\
up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { is radial distance from gasket loa
d reaction to bolt circle }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx4733\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Hydrostatic end force, H }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /4) G}{\
super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\par\pard
\li5400\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 3827 KN}\par\pard\sect\
013\colsr-0\colno2\colw720\colsr-0\colno3\colw6706\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Where, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\par\column\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=1/[ 0.3 + \{( 1.5 W}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / (H x G)\}] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
26\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B }\par\pard\li26
\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then, h}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li3293\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\s
ex100 {Then,}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Outside diameter of Gasket + 2xDiameter of Bolt +12mm
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 630 + 2 x 51 + 1
2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 744 mm}\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (B }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { G )/2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 77 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1/[ 0.3 + \{( 1.5 W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{m2 }}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {) / (H x G)\}] }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {= 1.620}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= [G}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8730X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(P/Kf) ] + C }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 158 + C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 160 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
hsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hence the thickness of
flange = 160 mm }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6

7;32768}}
18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {SUPPORT
FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Length of the heat exchanger, L }\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Outer diameter of Shell, Do }\par\
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Inner diameter of She
ll, D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Thickness of Shell, t}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {s}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Outer diam
eter of tube, d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Inner diameter of tube, d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Number of tubes, N}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0
alex100 {Density of Steel,}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Density of Liquid in tubes ,}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Volume of Shell body, V }\pa
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Weight of Shell body, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\r
scalex100 {Volume of Tubes, V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\pard\li1
r\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Total Weight of Tub
es, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Volume of Head, V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {h}}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
x100 {Weight of Head, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\par\column\pard\li
scalex100 {= 2000 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {= 556 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 540
mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {8}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 19.05 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 15.75 mm }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {= 320}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l

i0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 7850 Kg /m}{\super \fs16\up4
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {= 1000 Kg /m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0
x100 {= (}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /
4) ( D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 { D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) x L }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.0275 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pa
\charscalex100 {= V x }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 216 Kgs}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= ( }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4 ) ( d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o}}\fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}
}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) x L x N}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {= 0.0577 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\
100 {= V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x}{ }
\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 453 Kgs}\par\pard\li1
\charscalex100 {3}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
0.087 D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.013 m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= V}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4733\colsr-0\c
olno2\colw6706\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
00 {Weight of Liquid, W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\par\pard\li1853\ri
\li1853\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Total Weight, W }\par\col
umn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 102 Kg
s }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-386\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= ( }\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { / 4) (d}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {2}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) x L x N x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f1\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 124.6 Kgs}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+ W}{\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {h}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {l}}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 900 Kg
s }\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 9.0 KN }\par
olno1\colw4733\colsr-0\colno2\colw640\colsr-0\colno3\colw6066\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Depth of head, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
r\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Now, we calculate,
}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H }\par\co
lumn\pard\li80\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 220 mm }\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\

charscalex100 {Q}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(W
/2) x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(L+4H/3)}\par\pard\li80\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 10.32 KN-m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1224
0\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Distance of saddle center line from shell end , }\par\pard\li53
86\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 0.45 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\
par\pard\li5453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.45 x}{ }\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(0.540/2)}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
7;32768}}
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li3600\ri0\sl-213
rscalex100 {= 121.5 mm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {LONGITUDINAL BENDING MOMENTS }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Radius, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Depth of head, }\par\column\pard\li0
calex100 {R }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H }\p
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.270 m }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.220 m }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15
840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The bending moment at the su
pports is }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}
{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= QA [ 1 }\fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \{(A/L)+ (R}{\
super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- H}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) / 2 AL\}/\{1 +
4H/3L\}] }\par\pard\li680\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 171.
68 N-m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The bending moment at the center of the span is give
n by }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (Q L / 4)[\{1+ 2 ( R}{\
super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- H}{\super
\fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) / L}{\super \
fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \}/\{1+ 4H / 3L\}
- ( 4A / L) ] }\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
= 3302 N-m}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
2. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-33
3\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {STRESS IN SHELL AT THE SADDLE}\b0 \par\p
ard\li640\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \*\tx14
40\*\tx2160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For}\tab \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1
\u952X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=120}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\par\pa
rd\li1440\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.107}\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-280\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.192}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Thickness of shell, t = 8 mm}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn122
7426\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
3293\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {2}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/( k}{\sub
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {R}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 { t) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 8
76 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3
}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/( k}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { R
}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { t) }\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 488 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw1853\co
lsr-0\colno2\colw9586\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3. }\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0
x100\b {STRESS IN THE SHELL AT MID- SPAN}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The stress
at the mid span is f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {, which is either tensile or compressive depending }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on the position of the fiber. The resulta
nt tensile stresses ( including the axial }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stress due to internal pressure ) should not exceed the
permissible stress, and the}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {resultant compressive stress should not exceed the permissible compress
ive stress }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= M}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { /(}\fs24\cf0\f1\chars

calex100 {\uc1\u960X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t ) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=1.80 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \f
s16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\
0\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Axial Stress in Shell due to internal pressure }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4013\colsr-0\
colno2\colw7426\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= (P x D}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { )/ (4 t) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {= 1.829 x}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {6}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { N/m}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {All co
mbined stresses ( f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { + f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) ,
( f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+ f}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) , and ( f}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { + f}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {3}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ) are well within }\par\pard\li18
53\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {allowable limits. Hence, the g
iven parameters can be considered for design. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Note
: This Cooler is fabricated 4 in number and are operated in parallel to take car
e of }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the Coolin
g duty required in the Process. }\par}

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{\rtf\ansi\deff0\ansicpg1252

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\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {returned back to the converter. The exit concentrati

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}

{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,160);(160,80);(0,0);(0,160);}}

{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}

0 {Then Average Gas Velocity is given as, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12

>}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0

[ ^}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mix}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {

>}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {!}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G}}\fs24\cf0

sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 5140 m}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\cha

{\sp{\sn rotation}{\sv 0}}

0\charscalex100 {Corrosion allowance

{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 16777215}}

\f0\charscalex100 {ins}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { X] / \{}\fs24\cf0\f1\chars

{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}

slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The forces due to wind load acting on the lo

\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {w}}\fs24\cf0\f0

fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bolt}\fs24\cf0\f0\chars

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