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COMPUTING
This chapter comes under Paper - II. It is the smallest chapter in all and also have more weightage. From this chapter 1 Long Answer Type questions = 4M), 2 Short Answer Type questions (22 = 4M), 2 Very Short Answer Type questions (21 = 2M) and 6 objective bits (6 1/2 = 3M), altogether 13 marks easily can be very much in S.S.C. public exams.
A computer is an electronic device (or) A comprehensive electronic device with memory,

speed and accuracy is called computer. Historical background or Generations of Computer: 1. "Charles Babbage" is known as father of Computers. 2. Alan Turing was also associated with the development of Computers. 3. Present days computers are known as ''NEWMANN" machines as Von Newmann was the designer of the architecture of the present day computers. 4. First Generation Computers are known as "Vacuum tubes" 5. Second Generation Computers are known as "Transistors" 6. Third Generation Computers are known as "Very Small Electronic Circuits" 7. Fourth Generation Computers are known as "Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits". 8. Present day Computers are of fourth Generation. Characteristics of Computer: 1. They carry out the instructions most obediently. 2. They do not get tired or bored by monotonous, lengthy or repetitive work. 3. They carry out the operations more perfectly with high speed. 4. They can easily handle the various types of operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, comparision etc.
1. Structure or major components or essential components of a computer.

A Computer has 3 essential units. 1. Input Unit: Dark will be feel in to memory of Computer through input Unit. Ex: Keyboard, mouse. 2. Output Unit: If receives the results from memory unit. Ex: Monitor, Printer etc. 3. Central Processing Unit: It consists of 3 units. i) Memory Unit: Execution of programme starts only after the entire programme is stored is the memory. ii) Control Unit: It activates the appropriate units and supervisors execution of instruction. iii) Arithmetic and Logical Unit: It performs all arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction etc., Important Languages of Computer: There are 4 important Languages of Computer. 1. BASIC: Beginners all purpose symbolic Instructional code. 2. FORTRAN: Formula Translation.
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3. COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language 4. PASCAL: It is the name of Mathematician. Block Diagram of Computer

In put

Memory Unit

Out put

Control Unit A.L.U

Definition: 1. Algorithm: A step by step procedure of solving a problem is called 'Algorithm' (or) a design or a plan of obtaining a solution to a problem is called algorithm. 2. Flowchart: A diagrammatic or Pictorial representation of describing an algorithm is called Flowchart. 3. Program: The method of solving a problem is called a 'Program'. 4. Software: A set of instructions for solving a problem by a particular method, written in a language understandable by computer a called software. 5. Hardware: The physical components of computer is called "Hardware" Various types of boxes that are used in Flowchart: 1. Operational Box: In this box all types of arithmeitc operations will be done Rectangular box is used for this purpose.

2. Data box or Input out box: Data is entered in the input box and answer is printed in the output box. 3. Decision box or diamond shaped box or Rhombus shaped box: This is used to take decision containing a question depending on the answer Yes/No. 4. Terminal box: This is used to indicates that the computation is to be started or stopped.
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Flow Charts 1. Gopal purchased a radio set for Rs. 500 and sold it for Rs 600. Execute a flow chart using this data to determine loss or gain.

Start

Read S.P. and C.P.

NO

Yes SP > CP

l = CP SP

g = SP CP

CP SP 100 l% = CP

g% =

g 100 CP

Print l and l%

Print g and g%

Stop

Stop

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2. Draw a flow chart for solving an equation ax2 + bx +c = 0 by considering all possible cases.

Start

Read a, b, c

Yes

No a=0

x = c/b

calculate D = b2 4ac

NO Print x

Yes D>0

Stop

R.P. = I.P =

b 2a b 2a

x1 = x2 =

b + D 2a b D 2a

Print x1=R.P+I.P x2 = R.P I.P

Print x1 and x2

Stop

Stop

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3. Draw a flow chart to pick the largest of the three given numbers.

Start

Read a, b, c

Yes

No A>B

Yes A>C

NO

NO

B>C

Print 'A'

Print 'C'

Print 'B'

Stop

Stop

Stop

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Assignment: 1. Execute a flow-chart to find the gain or loss as the case may be, and also corresponding percentage of loss or gain, where the cost price and selling price of an item are given. 2. Draw a flow chart to compute the sum of the first 100 natural numbers. Blanks 1. Bigness of a computer is determined by _______ 2. The expansion of C.P.U. is _______ 3. The language understandable by a computer is called _______ 4. COBOL refers to _______ 5. _______ is known as "Father of Computers" 6. All parts of Computer are controlled by _______ 7. The method of solving problem is called _______ 8. _______ are used in Second Generation Computers. 9. VLSIC are used in _______ Generation. 10.Large amount of information is stored in _______ unit of Computer.

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