ABSTRACT

Manual operation of school bell / college bell creates lot of disturbances caused by human errors. If the bell operator forgets to ring the bell for a specific period, or delayed to ring the bell, it creates disturbances for entire the institution. All the classes on that day will be completely disturbed. This problem is more present if the bell operator is on leave. Automatic Periodic College Bell is the only solution to avoid all these problems. This project is very useful in schools, colleges and educational / academic institutions for automation of periodic class bell. This bell rings only at preprogrammed timings. As the DS1307 Real Time Clock chip is used, entire the calendar can be programmed into the microcontroller. User can program the bell to ring the bell from morning to evening and not to ring in after school hours and on Sundays and Second Saturdays. Switches are provided for entering the required timings. LCD displays are provided to display the alarm times and current time. DS1307 is interfaced to the microcontroller for real timing performance. A 3V battery can be connected to DS1307 to avoid time disturbances caused by power failures. External EPROM is used to store the timings. Data stored remains in the memory even after power failure, as the memory ensures reading of the latest saved settings by the micro controller. It can retain data for more than ten years. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is used for relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2. PROBLEM DOMAIN 3. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS 3.1 Hardware Components 3.1.1 89s51 Micro Controller 3.1.2 Switch 3.1.3 Battery 3.1.4 DS 1307 RTC 3.1.5 LCD 3.1.6 Voltage Regulator 3.1.7 Flter 3.2 Software Components 3.2.1 KEIL Compiler 3.2.2 PROLOAD 4. HARDWARE IMPLEMANTATION 4.1 Block Diagram 4.2 Circuit Diagram 5. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 5.1 Flow Chart 5.2 Program

05 06 07 08 08 08 08 08 09 09 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 13 13 14

5.2.1 LCD Program 5.3 Debugging using KEIL u Vision3.0 5.4 PROLOAD 5.4.1 Description 5.4.2 Programming Software 5.4.3 Features 6. WORKING 7. RESULT 8. CONCLUSION & FUTURESCOPE 9. BIBLOGRAPHY

28 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 47

LIST OF FIGURES

3.1.5 LCD Display 4.1 Automatic College Bell Block Diagram 4.2 Circuit Diagram 5.1 Flow Chart 5.2 Compilation of Source Code 5.3 Run the Compiled Program 5.4 ATMEL 8051 Dervice Programmer 5.5 Steps involved in Programming 5.6 Writing the Program bytes onto the Microcontroller

09 11 12 13 40 41 42 43 44

LIST OF TABLES
3.1 Hardware Components 08

1. INTRODUCTION

An embedded system can be defined as a computing device that does a specific focused job. Appliances such as the air-conditioner, VCD player, DVD player, printer, fax machine, mobile phone etc. are examples of embedded systems.Each of these appliances will have a processor and special hardware to meet the specific requirement of the application along with the embedded software that is executed by the processor for meeting that specific requirement. The embedded software is also called firm ware. The desktop/laptop computer is a general purpose computer. You can use it for a variety of applications such as playing games, word processing, accounting, software development and so on. In contrast, the software in the embedded systems is always fixed listed below: Embedded systems do a very specific task; they cannot be programmed to do different things. Embedded systems have very limited resources, particularly the memory. Generally, they do not have secondary storage devices such as the CDROM or the floppy disk. Embedded systems have to work against some deadlines. A specific job has to be completed within a specific time. In some embedded systems, called real-time systems, the deadlines are stringent. Missing a deadline may cause a catastrophe-loss of life or damage to property. Embedded systems are constrained for power. As many embedded systems operate through a battery, the power consumption has to be very low. Some embedded systems have to operate in extreme environmental conditions such as very high temperatures and humidity. Embedded systems are specially designed and developed to solve a Real time issue in our practical life, which eases our work and reduces the strain. They are dedicated devices and are highly application specific. Our project is one such an embedded system which is introduced to solve one of such a real-time issue

2.PROBLEM DOMAIN

Now-a-days the schools and colleges are run with a tight,busy and dynamic schedules.It is often difficult to maintain an alarm particularly where there is always a change in schedules.A dedicated person must be hired for this purpose who is responsible to make sure that the alarm rings as per the intimated schedule. Our project AUTOMATIC COLLEGE BELL is the best device which serves the purpose of a special person hired for ringing the alarm. The key Features of the device is : It is multiple programmable device Users Friendly Total 7 time intervals can be given simultaneously in the single attempt Works even when there is no power supply as it runs through a battery power This is intented for the institutions which maintain dynamic schedules and hence the alarm timings on a particular day can also be set in advance

3. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
3.1 Hardware Components: S. NO.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

NAME OF COMPONENTS
89S51 IC DS 1307 IC 7805 Voltage Regulator Transformer Crystal Diode Resistor

TYPE
Microcontroller Real Time Clock 5V Step-Down 11.0592 MHz 32.768KHz 1N4700 10k 8.2k 330 100 F 10 F 104pf 33 pF General 16*2

QUANTITY
1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4

8.

Storage Capacitor

9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Ceramic Capacitor LED Lcd Display Switches Buzzer

6-12 V operated

3.1.1 89S51 Micro Controller: Microprocessors and microcontrollers are widely used in Embedded systems products. Microcontroller is a programmable device. The microcontroller used in this project is AT89S51. Atmel Corporation introduced this 89S51 microcontroller. The present project is implemented on Keil Uvision. In order to program the device, proload tool has been used to burn the program onto the microcontroller. 3.1.2 Switch: There are four switches used here in our project. The ENTER switch is used to enter the data like time, date, day. The SET switch is used to set the data which is already stored in the LCD. The INCREMENT switch is used to increase the value by one. The DECREMENT switch is used to decrease the value by one. 3.1.3 Backup battery: A backup battery provides power to a system when the primary source of power is unavailable. Backup batteries range from small single cells to retain clock time and date in computers, up to large battery room facilities that power uninterruptible power supply systems for large data centers. Small backup batteries may be primary cells; rechargeable backup batteries are kept charged by the prime power supply. 3.1.4 DS 1307 RTC: The real time clock (RTC) is a widely used device that provides accurate time and date for many applications. The RTC chip present in the PC provides time components of hour, minute and second in addition to the date/calendar components of year, month and day. The DS1307 serial real-time clock (RTC) is a low power, full binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address and data are transferred serially through an I2C, bidirectional bus. The clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator. The DS1307 has a built-in power-sense circuit that detects power failures and automatically switches to the backup supply. Timekeeping operation continues while the part operates from the backup supply.

3.1.5 LCD: LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs (LCD LEDs or other multi segment LEDs) because of the following reasons: 1. The declining prices of LCDs. 2. The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few characters. 3. Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU to keep displaying the data. 4. Ease of programming for characters and graphics. These components are specialized for being used with the microcontrollers, which means that they cannot be activated by standard IC circuits. They are used for writing different messages on a miniature LCD.

Fig 3.1 LCD display 3.1.6 Voltage Regulator: As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project, power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are to be used. The first number 78 represents positive supply and the numbers 05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels.

3.1.7 Filter: Filter removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. Capacitive filter is used in this project .However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.

3.2 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS:

3.2.1 KEIL Compiler: KEIL compiler is a software used where the machine language code is written and compiled. After compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex code which is to be dumped into the microcontroller for further processing. KEIL compiler also supports C language code. 3.2.2 PROLOAD: PROLOAD is a software which accepts only hex files. Once the machine code is converted into hex code, that hex code has to be dumped into the microcontroller and this is done by the PROLOAD. PROLOAD is a programmer which itself contains a microcontroller in it other than the one which is to be programmed. This microcontroller has a program in it written in such a way that it accepts the hex file from the KEIL compiler and dumps this hex file into the microcontroller which is to be programmed. As the PROLOAD programmer kit requires power supply to be operated, this power supply is given from the power supply circuit designed above. It should be noted that this programmer kit contains a power supply section in the board itself but in order to switch on that power supply, a source is required. Thus this is accomplished from the power supply board with an output of 12volts.

10

4. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Block Diagram:
The Automatic college bell consists of an LCD, an 89S51 micro controller, switches, RTC, battery, crystal oscillator, reset circuit, buzzer & relay. Incr switch Decr switch Set switch Back-up Battery Crystal DS1307 RTC LCD

8 9 S 5
Buzzer

Crystal

Reset circuit

Step down T/F

Bridge Rectifier

Filter Circuit

Regulator

+5V to all sections

+12V to Relay Figure 4.1 Automatic College Bell Block Diagram

11

4.2 Circuit Diagram:

Figure 4.2 Circuit Diagram

12

5. SOFWARE IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Flow chart

Figure 5.1 Flow Chart

13

5.2 Program:
SOURCE CODE: RB0 EQU 00H ; Select Register Bank 0 RB1 EQU 08H ; Select Register Bank 1 ...poke to PSW to use ;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ; PORT DECLARATION ;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SDA EQU P1.1 ;SDA=PIN5 SCL EQU P1.0 ;SCL=PIN6 DS1307W EQU 0D0H ; SLAVE ADDRESS 1101 000 + 0 TO WRITE DS1307R EQU 0D1H ; SLAVE ADDRESS 1101 000 + 1 TO READ s ENTER EQU P1.5 INCR EQU P1.6 DECR EQU P1.7 RS EQU P3.0 RW EQU P3.1 EN EQU P3.2 RELAYS EQU P0 /* THIS IS FOR INBUILT EEPROM */ WMCON DATA 96h ; watchdog and memory control register EEMEN EQU 00001000b ; EEPROM access enable bit EEMWE EQU 00010000b ; EEPROM write enable bit WDTRST EQU 00000010b ; EEPROM RDY/BSY bit DPS EQU 00000100b ; data pointer select bit ;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;DSEG ; This is internal data memory ;ORG 20H ; Bit addressable memory FLAGS DATA 20H LASTREAD BIT FLAGS.0 SQW BIT FLAGS.4 ACK BIT FLAGS.5 BUS_FLT BIT FLAGS.6 _2W_BUSY BIT FLAGS.7 CANCEL BIT FLAGS.1 CANCEL1 BIT FLAGS.2 ALARM BIT FLAGS.3 BITCNT DATA 21H BYTECNT DATA 22H SECS DATA 24H ; ' SECONDS STORAGE RAM MINS DATA 25H ; ' MINUTES ' ' HRS DATA 26H ; ' HOURS ' ' TIMES DATA 27H ; ' DAY ' ' ;DATE1 DATA 28H ; ' DATE ' ' ;MONTH DATA 29H ; ' MONTH ' '

14

TEMP_DPTR DATA 2AH ; ' YEAR ' ' CONTROL DATA 2BH ; FOR STORAGE OF CONTROL REGISTER WHEN READ. ALM_HOUR DATA 2CH ; INTERNAL (ALARM HOURS) STORAGE. ALM_MIN DATA 2DH ; INTERNAL (ALARM MINUTES) STORAGE. ALM_CNTRL DATA 2EH ; INTERNAL STORAGE FOR ALARM (ON) TIME. COUNT DATA 2FH ALRM_COUNT DATA 30H HRTEMP DATA 31H MINTEMP DATA 32H BCD_HR DATA 33H BCD_MIN DATA 34H BCD_HR1 DATA 35H BCD_MIN1 DATA 36H STACK DATA 3FH ;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ; ***MACRO'S*** SCL_HIGH MACRO SETB SCL ; SET SCL HIGH JNB SCL,$ ; LOOP UNTIL STRONG 1 ON SCL ENDM ;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;CSEG AT 0 ; RESET VECTOR ;---------==========----------==========---------=========--------; PROCESSOR INTERRUPT AND RESET VECTORS ;---------==========----------==========---------=========--------ORG 00H ; Reset ; ==---------=========--------; Main routine. Program execution starts here. ;---------==========----------==========---------=========--------MAIN: MOV PSW,#RB0 ; Select register bank 0 MOV SP,STACK MOV P0,#0 ;Switch OFF relay MOV ALRM_COUNT,#00H MOV COUNT,#0 MOV TEMP_DPTR,#0 MOV HRTEMP,#00H MOV MINTEMP,#00H SETB ENTER SETB INCR SETB DECR /* CLR ALARM MOV TMOD,#01H ;enable timer0 for scanning MOV TL0,#00H MOV TH0,#0FDH SETB ET0 SETB EA

15

SETB TR0 ;Start the Timer */ ; ********************************************************** ; INITILIZE RTC ; ********************************************************** SETB SDA ; ENSURE SDA HIGH SCL_HIGH ; ENSURE SCL HIGH CLR ACK ; CLEAR STATUS FLAGS CLR BUS_FLT CLR _2W_BUSY CLR SQW CALL OSC_CONTROL ; Initialize the RTC ACALL SQW_CONTROL_1HZ ; ********************************************************** ; INTIALISATION OF LCD ; ********************************************************** MOV DPTR,#COMNDS BACK: CLR A MOVC A,@A+DPTR JZ MESGE ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY INC DPTR SJMP BACK MESGE: MOV DPTR,#MSG1 ACALL LCD_DISPLAY ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,#0C4H ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV DPTR,#MSG2 ACALL LCD_DISPLAY ; ********************************************************** ; CHECK FOR ENTER THE TIME ; ********************************************************** JB ENTER,$ ACALL ENTER_TIME TIME_OK: MOV A,#01H ACALL CMNDWRT MOV DPTR,#MSG4 ACALL LCD_DISPLAY MOV A,HRTEMP ;CHANGE MOV B,#10 DIV AB SWAP A ORL A,B MOV BCD_HR,A MOV A,MINTEMP ;CHANGE

16

MOV B,#10 DIV AB SWAP A ORL A,B MOV BCD_MIN,A ;((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ; STORE THE TIME TO RTC CHIP ;((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( LCALL SEND_START ; SEND 2WIRE START CONDITION MOV A,#DS1307W ; LOAD DS1307 WRITE COMMAND LCALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND WRITE COMMAND MOV A,#08H ; SET DS1307 DATA POINTER TO BEGINNING LCALL SEND_BYTE ; OF USER RAM 08H MOV A,#0AAH ; WRITE BYTE TO ENTIRE RAM SPACE LCALL SEND_BYTE LCALL SEND_STOP ; SEND 2WIRE STOP CONTION LCALL SEND_START ; SEND 2WIRE START CONDITION MOV A,#DS1307W ; LOAD DS1307 WRITE COMMAND LCALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND WRITE COMMAND MOV A,#01H ; SET DS1307 DATA POINTER TO BEGINNING LCALL SEND_BYTE ; OF 01H MOV A,BCD_MIN ; SEND MINUTES LCALL SEND_BYTE ; MOV A,BCD_HR ;SEND HOURS CLR ACC.6 ;to select 24hr mode[CHANGE] LCALL SEND_BYTE LCALL SEND_STOP ; SEND 2WIRE STOP CONDITION

; ********************************************************************* ; MAIN PROGRAM ; ********************************************************************** START_PROGRAM: MOV COUNT,#00H CALL READ_CLOCK MOV R1,#26H ;GET HOUR AND DISPLAY MOV A,#0C4H ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,@R1 LCALL BCD_2_ASCI MOV A,#':' ACALL DATAWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV R1,#25H ;GET MIN AND DISPLAY MOV A,#0C7H

17

ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,@R1 LCALL BCD_2_ASCI MOV A,#':' ACALL DATAWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV R1,#24H ;GET SEC AND DISPLAY MOV A,@R1 LCALL BCD_2_ASCI ACALL LCD_DELAY ;MOV TIMES,#0 JNB ENTER,ENTER_ALARAM CONTINUE:MOV A,#0CH ;CURSOR OFF ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LOAD_ALRM ;CHECK ALARAM TIME SJMP START_PROGRAM ENTER_ALARAM: JNB ENTER,$ ;DEBOUNCE INC TIMES ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,#01 ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,#0EH ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV DPTR,#MSG3 ACALL LCD_DISPLAY ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,#0C4H ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV DPTR,#MSG2 ACALL LCD_DISPLAY MOV HRTEMP,#0 MOV MINTEMP,#0 ACALL ENTER_TIME JNB ENTER,$ ;DEBOUNCE MOV A,HRTEMP ;CHANGE MOV B,#10 DIV AB SWAP A ORL A,B MOV BCD_HR1,A MOV A,MINTEMP ;CHANGE

18

MOV B,#10 DIV AB SWAP A ORL A,B MOV BCD_MIN1,A MOV A,TIMES ACALL WRITE_2_EEPROM MOV A,#01 ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY ;JB ENTER,$ JJJ:JNB INCR ,ENTER_ALARAM JNB DECR,C11 SJMP JJJ C11:MOV DPTR,#MSG4 ACALL LCD_DISPLAY SJMP CONTINUE RET WRITE_2_EEPROM: ;MOV A,COUNT MOV WMCON,#18H MOV A,TIMES CJNE A,#1,JAG1 ;JNZ XY ;MOV DPL,COUNT MOV DPTR,#01 JMP XY JAG1: CJNE A,#2,JAG2 MOV DPTR,#3;INC COUNT JMP XY JAG2: CJNE A,#3,JAG3 MOV DPTR,#5;INC COUNT JMP XY JAG3: CJNE A,#4,JAG4 MOV DPTR,#7;INC COUNT JMP XY JAG4: CJNE A,#5,JAG5 MOV DPTR,#9;INC COUNT JMP XY JAG5: CJNE A,#6,JAG6 MOV DPTR,#11;INC COUNT JMP XY JAG6: CJNE A,#7,JAG7 MOV DPTR,#13;INC COUNT JMP XY JAG7: ;CJNE A,#8,JAG8 MOV DPTR,#15;INC COUNT ;JMP XY XY:

19

;MOV DPL,TEMP_DPTR MOV A,BCD_HR1 MOVX @DPTR,A CTHD: MOV A,WMCON ;Check for eeprom finished or not JNB ACC.1,CTHD INC DPTR MOV A,BCD_MIN1 MOVX @DPTR,A CTTHD: MOV A,WMCON ;Check for eeprom finished or not JNB ACC.1,CTTHD INC DPTR MOV WMCON,#08H ; DISable EEPROM WRITE RET ;((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ; CHECK FOR TIME IS EQUAL ;((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( LOAD_ALRM: MOV DPTR,#0100H ORL WMCON, #EEMEN ; enable EEPROM accesses MOVX A,@DPTR MOV B,#02H DIV AB MOV R5,A MOV DPTR,#0001H REPEAT: MOVX A,@DPTR MOV ALM_HOUR,A INC DPTR MOVX A,@DPTR MOV ALM_MIN,A INC DPTR MOV A,HRS CJNE A,ALM_HOUR,CHKK MOV A,MINS CJNE A,ALM_MIN,CHKK MOV A,SECS ANL A,#01111111B MOV SECS,A MOV A,#00H CJNE A,SECS,CHKK ;Time Is Equal INC ALRM_COUNT MOV A,ALRM_COUNT CJNE A,#1,LT1 MOV RELAYS,#0FFH JMP JAG LT1: CJNE A,#2,LT2 MOV RELAYS,#0AAH

20

JMP JAG CJNE A,#3,T3 MOV RELAYS,#10010010B JMP JAG T3: CJNE A,#4,JAG MOV RELAYS,#0 MOV ALRM_COUNT,#0 JAG: ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY /*ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY ACALL LCD_DELAY*/ /*JB ALARM,CHKK ORL TMOD,#10H ;ENABLE TIMER 0 MOV TL1,#08H MOV TH1,#01H SETB ET1 MOV TIM,#100 SETB TR1 SETB RELAY SETB ALARM */ CHKK: DJNZ R5,REPEAT XRL WMCON, #EEMEN ; disable EEPROM accesses RET ; ********************************************************** ; SUB SETS THE DS1307 OSCILLATOR ; ********************************************************** OSC_CONTROL: ACALL SEND_START ; GENERATE START CONDITION LT2:

21

MOV A,#DS1307W ; 1101 0000 ADDRESS + WRITE-BIT ACALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND BYTE TO 1307 MOV A,#00H ; ADDRESS BYTE TO REGISTER 00H ACALL SEND_BYTE ; SECONDS REGISTER, ALWAYS LEAVE SETB LASTREAD ; REG 00H-BIT #7 = 0 (LOW) ACALL SEND_STOP ; IF REG 00H-BIT #7 = 1 CLOCK ACALL SEND_START ; OSCILLATOR IS OFF. MOV A,#DS1307R ; 1101 0001 ADDRESS + READ-BIT ACALL SEND_BYTE ; ACALL READ_BYTE ; READ A BYTE FROM THE 1307 CLR ACC.7 ; CLEAR REG 00H-BIT #7 TO ENABLE OSCILLATOR. OSC_SET: PUSH ACC ; SAVE ON STACK ACALL SEND_STOP ; ACALL SEND_START ; MOV A,#DS1307W ; SETUP TO WRITE ACALL SEND_BYTE ; MOV A,#00H ; REGISTER 00H ADDRESS ACALL SEND_BYTE ; POP ACC ; GET DATA TO START OSCILLATOR ACALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND IT ACALL SEND_STOP RET ; ********************************************************** ; THIS SUB CONTROLS THE SQW OUTPUT 1HZ ; ********************************************************** SQW_CONTROL_1HZ: LCALL SEND_START ; SEND START CONDITION MOV A,#DS1307W ; SET POINTER TO REG 07H ON DS1307 LCALL SEND_BYTE MOV A,#07H LCALL SEND_BYTE MOV A,#90H ; SQW/OUT ON AT 1HZ JNB SQW,SQW_SET ; JUMP IF SQW BIT IS ACTIVE MOV A,#80H ; TURN SQW/OUT OFF OFF HIGH SQW_SET: LCALL SEND_BYTE LCALL SEND_STOP RET ; ; THIS SUB CONTROLS THE SQW OUTPUT 32KHZ ; SQW_CONTROL_32KHZ: LCALL SEND_START ; SEND START CONDITION MOV A,#DS1307W ; SET POINTER TO REG 07H ON DS1307 LCALL SEND_BYTE MOV A,#07H LCALL SEND_BYTE MOV A,#93H ; SQW/OUT ON AT 1HZ

22

JNB SQW,SQW_SET3 ; JUMP IF SQW BIT IS ACTIVE MOV A,#80H ; TURN SQW/OUT OFF OFF HIGH SQW_SET3: LCALL SEND_BYTE LCALL SEND_STOP RET ; ********************************************************** ; THIS SUB READS ONE BYTE OF DATA FROM THE DS1307 ; ********************************************************** READ_BYTE: MOV BITCNT,#08H ; SET COUNTER FOR 8-BITS DATA MOV A,#00H SETB SDA ; SET SDA HIGH TO ENSURE LINE ; FREE READ_BITS: SCL_HIGH ; TRANSITION SCL LOW-TO-HIGH MOV C,SDA ; MOVE DATA BIT INTO CARRY RLC A ; ROTATE CARRY-BIT INTO ACC.0 CLR SCL ; TRANSITION SCL HIGH-TO-LOW DJNZ BITCNT,READ_BITS ; LOOP FOR 8-BITS JB LASTREAD,ACKN ; CHECK TO SEE IF THIS IS ; THE LAST READ CLR SDA ; IF NOT LAST READ SEND ACK-BIT ACKN: SCL_HIGH ; PULSE SCL TO TRANSMIT ACKNOWLEDGE CLR SCL ; OR NOT ACKNOWLEDGE BIT RET ; ********************************************************** ; SUB SENDS START CONDITION ; ********************************************************** SEND_START: SETB _2W_BUSY ; INDICATE THAT 2-WIRE CLR ACK ; OPERATION IS IN PROGRESS CLR BUS_FLT ; CLEAR STATUS FLAGS JNB SCL,FAULT JNB SDA,FAULT SETB SDA ; BEGIN START CODITION SCL_HIGH CLR SDA ACALL DEELAY CLR SCL RET FAULT: SETB BUS_FLT RET ; ********************************************************** ; SUB SENDS STOP CONDITION

23

; ********************************************************** SEND_STOP: CLR SDA SCL_HIGH SETB SDA CLR _2W_BUSY RET ; ********************************************************** ; SUB DELAYS THE BUS ; ********************************************************** DEELAY: NOP ; DELAY FOR BUS TIMING RET ; ********************************************************** ; THIS SUB SENDS 1 BYTE OF DATA TO THE DS1307 ; CALL THIS FOR EACH REGISTER SECONDS TO YEAR ; ACC MUST CONTAIN DATA TO BE SENT TO CLOCK ; ********************************************************** SEND_BYTE: MOV BITCNT,#08H; SET COUNTER FOR 8-BITS SB_LOOP: JNB ACC.7,NOTONE; CHECK TO SEE IF BIT-7 OF SETB SDA ; ACC IS A 1, AND SET SDA HIGH JMP ONE NOTONE: CLR SDA ; CLR SDA LOW ONE: SCL_HIGH ; TRANSITION SCL LOW-TO-HIGH RL A ; ROTATE ACC LEFT 1-BIT CLR SCL ; TRANSITION SCL LOW-TO-HIGH DJNZ BITCNT,SB_LOOP; LOOP FOR 8-BITS SETB SDA ; SET SDA HIGH TO LOOK FOR SCL_HIGH ; ACKNOWLEDGE PULSE CLR ACK JNB SDA,SB_EX ; CHECK FOR ACK OR NOT ACK SETB ACK ; SET ACKNOWLEDGE FLAG FOR ; NOT ACK SB_EX: ACALL DEELAY ; DELAY FOR AN OPERATION CLR SCL ; TRANSITION SCL HIGH-TO-LOW ACALL DEELAY ; DELAY FOR AN OPERATION RET ; ********************************************************** ; SUB READS THE CLOCK AND WRITES IT TO THE SCRATCHPAD MEMORY ; ON RETURN FROM HERE DATE & TIME DATA WILL BE STORED IN THE ; DATE & TIME REGISTERS FROM 24H (SECS) TO 2AH (YEAR) ; ALARM SETTINGS IN REGISTERS 2CH(HRS) AND 2DH(MINUTES). ; ********************************************************** READ_CLOCK:

24

MOV R1,#24H ; SECONDS STORAGE LOCATION MOV BYTECNT,#00H CLR LASTREAD ACALL SEND_START MOV A,#DS1307W ACALL SEND_BYTE MOV A,#00H ACALL SEND_BYTE ACALL SEND_STOP ACALL SEND_START MOV A,#DS1307R ACALL SEND_BYTE READ_LOOP: MOV A,BYTECNT CJNE A,#09H,NOT_LAST SETB LASTREAD NOT_LAST: ACALL READ_BYTE MOV @R1,A MOV A,BYTECNT CJNE A,#00H,NOT_FIRST MOV A,@R1 CLR ACC.7 ; ENSURE OSC BIT=0 (ENABLED) MOV @R1,A NOT_FIRST: INC R1 INC BYTECNT MOV A,BYTECNT CJNE A,#0AH,READ_LOOP ACALL SEND_STOP RET ENTER_TIME: JNB ENTER,$ CHECK: MOV A,#0C4H ;MOVE CURSOR TO HOURS POSITION ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY JNB INCR,HR_INC JNB DECR,HR_DEC JNB ENTER,ENTER_MINS SJMP CHECK HR_INC: JNB INCR,$ INC HRTEMP MOV A,HRTEMP CJNE A,#24,NO_CHANGE MOV HRTEMP,#0 NO_CHANGE:MOV A,HRTEMP ACALL DATA_2_LCD SJMP CHECK HR_DEC: JNB DECR,$

25

MOV A,HRTEMP CJNE A,#0,OK SJMP XX OK: DEC HRTEMP XX: MOV A,HRTEMP ACALL DATA_2_LCD SJMP CHECK ENTER_MINS: JNB ENTER,$ CHECK1: MOV A,#0C7H ACALL CMNDWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY JNB INCR,MIN_INC JNB DECR,MIN_DEC JNB ENTER,ENDTIME SJMP CHECK1 MIN_INC: JNB INCR,$ INC MINTEMP MOV A,MINTEMP CJNE A,#60,NO_CHANGE1 MOV MINTEMP,#0 NO_CHANGE1:MOV A,MINTEMP ACALL DATA_2_LCD SJMP CHECK1 MIN_DEC: JNB DECR,$ MOV A,MINTEMP CJNE A,#0,OK1 SJMP XX1 OK1: DEC MINTEMP XX1: MOV A,MINTEMP ACALL DATA_2_LCD SJMP CHECK1 ENDTIME: RET CMNDWRT: MOV P2,A CLR RS CLR RW SETB EN ACALL LCD_DELAY CLR EN RET LCD_DISPLAY: SS: CLR A MOVC A,@A+DPTR JZ RE ACALL DATAWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY INC DPTR SJMP SS

26

RE: RET DATA_2_LCD: MOV R6,A MOV B,#10 DIV AB ORL A,#30H ACALL DATAWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,B ORL A,#30H ACALL DATAWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY RET BCD_2_ASCI:MOV B,A SWAP A ANL A,#0FH ORL A,#30H ACALL DATAWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY MOV A,B ANL A,#0FH ORL A,#30H ACALL DATAWRT ACALL LCD_DELAY RET DATAWRT: MOV P2,A SETB RS CLR RW SETB EN ACALL LCD_DELAY CLR EN RET LCD_DELAY: MOV R2, #250 REP2: MOV R3, #50 REP1: DJNZ R3,REP1 DJNZ R2,REP2 RET COMNDS:DB 38H,0EH,01H,06H,80H,0H

MSG1: MSG2: MSG3: MSG4: END

DB "SET CURRENT TIME",0 DB "00:00",0 DB "ENTER ALARM TIME",0 DB "CURRENT TIME",0

27

5.2.1 LCD Programming #include<reg51.h> #include<intrins.h> #include "lcddisplay.h" sbit SCL=P2^0; sbit SDA=P2^1; sbit enter = P2^2; sbit dec = P2^3; sbit inc = P2^4; sbit alarm_sw = P2^5; sbit bel = P2^7; void start(void); void write(unsigned char,unsigned char); unsigned char read(unsigned char); void ptos(unsigned char ); void stop(void); void delay(unsigned int ); void settime(void); unsigned char COUNT,dat,add,hr,min,x,binbyte,B1,B2,B3,digit1,digit2,digit3,digit4; unsigned int i; unsigned char h_break[10],m_break[10],d11,d22,memory,zzz; void delay1(unsigned int itime); unsigned char time[7],temptime[7],alarmcheck,day,type,dispcount=0,dispdata; bit pm=0,pm1,dayselect; void daydisplay(unsigned char); void main() { unsigned char z; dayselect=0; delay(100); lcd_init(); lcd_init(); msgdisplay("welcome"); lcdcmd(0x0c); z=read(0); if(z==0x80) { start: lcdcmd(0x01); msgdisplay(" SET THE TIME ");

28

type=6; settime(); write(0,0); delay(10); write(1,temptime[1]); delay(10); write(2,temptime[0]); delay(10); for(add=4;add<7;add++) { write(add,temptime[add-1]); delay(10); } write(0x07,0x10); delay(100); write(0x20,0); delay(10); dayselect=1; } delay(300); alarmcheck=read(0x20); timedisp: if(alarmcheck) { d22=0x15; for(d11=0;d11<7;d11++) { h_break[d11]=read(d22++); delay(100); m_break[d11]=read(d22++); delay(100); } } back1: lcdcmd(0x01); msgdisplay("Dt:"); while(1) { lcdcmd(0x04); for(add=0;add<7;add++)

29

{ time[add]=read(add); z=time[add]; if(add==0) { lcdcmd(0x04); lcdcmd(0xC9);} if(add==4) { lcdcmd(0x06); lcdcmd(0x84); } if(add==2) { z=time[2]&(0x60); if(z==0x40) pm1=0; else pm1=1; z=time[2]&0x1f; } B1=z&0x0f; B2=(z&0xf0)>>4; if(add<3) { lcddata(B1+48); lcddata(B2+48); } if(add>3) { lcddata(B2+48); lcddata(B1+48); } if(add<2) lcddata(':'); if((add>3)&&(add<6)) lcddata('/'); delay(5); } lcdcmd(0xca);

30

if(pm1) msgdisplay("pm"); else msgdisplay("am"); if(dayselect==1) { lcdcmd(0x1); msgdisplay("SELECT DAY: SUN"); while(enter==1) { lcdcmd(0x8d); lcdcmd(0xe); if(inc==0) { while(inc==0); if(day<8) day=day+1; daydisplay(day); } if(dec==0) { while(dec==0); if(day>1) day=day-1; daydisplay(day); } } write(3,day); while(enter==0); dayselect=0; lcdcmd(0x0c); goto timedisp; } lcdcmd(0x8d); daydisplay(time[3]); if(alarmcheck) { if(((time[2]==h_break[0])&&(time[1]==m_break[0])&&(time[0]<5))) { bel=0;

31

lcd_init(); lcd_init(); delay(500); goto back1; } else if(((time[2]==h_break[1])&&(time[1]==m_break[1])&&(time[0]<5))) { bel=0; lcd_init(); lcd_init(); delay(500); goto back1; } else if(((time[2]==h_break[2])&&(time[1]==m_break[2])&&(time[0]<5))) { bel=0; lcd_init(); lcd_init(); delay(500); goto back1; } else if(((time[2]==h_break[3])&&(time[1]==m_break[3])&&(time[0]<5))) { bel=0; lcd_init(); lcd_init(); delay(500); goto back1; } else if(((time[2]==h_break[4])&&(time[1]==m_break[4])&&(time[0]<5))) { bel=0; lcd_init(); lcd_init(); delay(500); goto back1;

32

} else if(((time[2]==h_break[5])&&(time[1]==m_break[5])&&(time[0]<5))) { bel=0; lcd_init(); lcd_init(); delay(500); goto back1; } else if(((time[2]==h_break[6])&&(time[1]==m_break[6])&&(time[0]<5))) { bel=0; lcd_init(); lcd_init(); delay(500); goto back1; } else bel=1; } if(alarm_sw==0) { while(alarm_sw==0); alarmcheck=read(0x20); delay(200); alarmcheck=~alarmcheck; write(0x20,alarmcheck); if(alarmcheck) { lcdcmd(0x01); msgdisplay("ENTER BELL TIMES"); delay(500); memory=0x15; for(zzz=1;zzz<8;zzz++) { lcdcmd(0x01); msgdisplay("ENTR BELL TIME "); lcddata(zzz+48);

33

type=3; settime(); write(memory++,temptime[0]); delay(10); write(memory++,temptime[1]); delay(10); } delay(500); } goto timedisp; } if(enter==0) { lcdcmd(0x01); msgdisplay("SET THE TIME "); while(enter==0); goto start; } } } void settime(void) { unsigned char keycount=0,h,g,d1,d2,cmd,uplimit; lcdcmd(0xC0); if(type==6) msgdisplay("hh:mmAM dd/mm/yr"); else msgdisplay("hh:mmAM "); lcdcmd(0x0e); //cursor blinking while(keycount<type) // to select alarm or current time { h=0; if(keycount==0) { cmd=0xc0; uplimit=12; } else if(keycount==1)

34

{ cmd=0xc3; uplimit=59; } else if(keycount==2) { cmd=0xc5; uplimit=1; } else if(keycount==3) { cmd=0xc8; uplimit=31; } else if(keycount==4) { cmd=0xcb; uplimit=12; } else if(keycount==5) { cmd=0xce; uplimit=99; } else; while(enter==1) { lcdcmd(cmd); while((inc==1)&&(dec==1)&&(enter==1)); if(inc==0) { while(inc==0); if(h==uplimit) h=0; h=h+1; }

//wait till any switch is pressed

35

if(dec==0) { while(dec==0); if(h) h=h-1; else h=uplimit; } if(keycount==2) { if(h) { msgdisplay("pm"); pm=1; } else { msgdisplay("am"); pm=0; } } else { g=h; d1=g/10; d2=g%10; lcddata(d1+48); lcddata(d2+48); g=(d1<<4)|(d2%10); temptime[keycount]=g; } } if(keycount==2) lcddata(' '); keycount=keycount+1; while(enter==0); delay(500); } if(pm) temptime[0]= temptime[0]|0x60;

36

else temptime[0]=temptime[0]|0x40; lcdcmd(0x01); // clear the lcd lcdcmd(0x0c); //curser blink off; } void write(unsigned char add,unsigned char dat) { start(); ptos(0Xd0); //device addr in write mode// ptos(add); //byte addr// ptos(dat); //data// stop(); } //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% READING FUNCTION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% unsigned char read(unsigned char add) { unsigned char v,i; start(); ptos(0Xd0); //device addr in write mode// ptos(add); //byte addr// _nop_(); start(); ptos(0Xd1); //device addr in read mode// v=0; SDA=1; for(i=0;i<=7;i++) { SCL=0; _nop_(); _nop_(); SCL=1; v=v|SDA; if(i<=6) v=v<<1; } SCL=0; delay1(100); stop(); return(v);

37

} // ####################################### DATA READING FUNCTION ################################### void daydisplay(unsigned char day) { if(day==1) msgdisplay("SUN"); else if(day==2) msgdisplay("MON"); else if(day==3) msgdisplay("TUE"); else if(day==4) msgdisplay("WED"); else if(day==5) msgdisplay("THU"); else if(day==6) msgdisplay("FRI"); else if(day==7) msgdisplay("SAT"); else; } //$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ START FUNCTION $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ void start(void) {

SCL=1; SDA=1; _nop_(); _nop_(); SDA=0; SCL=0; }

38

//aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa DATA SENDING TO EEPRAM IN READ MODE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA void ptos(unsigned char a) { unsigned char i,c; for(i=0;i<=7;i++) { c=a&128; if(c==0) SDA=0; else SDA=1; SCL=1; _nop_(); _nop_(); SCL=0; a=a<<1; } SDA=1; _nop_(); _nop_(); SCL=1; _nop_(); _nop_(); SCL=0; } //SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS STOP FUNCTION SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS void stop(void) { SDA=0; SCL=1; _nop_(); _nop_(); SDA=1; SCL=0; } void delay1(unsigned int itime) {

39

unsigned int i,j; for(i=0;i<itime;i++) for(j=0;j<3;j++); }

5.3 Debugging Using KEIL u Vision 3.0 and PROLOAD V4.0 KEIL Compiler:
Keil compiler is software used where the machine language code is written and compiled. After compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex code which is to be dumped into the microcontroller for further processing. Keil compiler also supports C language code.

Fig 5.2 Compilation of Source Code

40

Fig 5.3 Run the Compiled Program

5.4 PROLOAD:
Proload is software which accepts only hex files. Once the machine code is converted into hex code, that hex code has to be dumped into the microcontroller and this is done by the Proload. Proload is a programmer which itself contains a microcontroller in it other than the one which is to be programmed. This microcontroller has a program in it written in such a way that it accepts the hex file from the Keil compiler and dumps this hex file into the microcontroller which is to be programmed. As the Proload programmer kit requires power supply to be operated, this power supply is given from the power supply circuit designed above. It should be noted that this programmer kit contains a power supply section in the board itself but in order to switch on that power supply, a source is required. Thus this is accomplished from the power supply board with an output of 12volts.

41

Fig 5.4 ATMEL 8051 Device Programmer

5.4.1 Description It is simple to use and low cost, yet powerful flash microcontroller programmer for the Atmel 89 series. It will Program, Read and Verify Code Data, Write Lock Bits, Erase and Blank Check. All fuse and lock bits are programmable. This programmer has intelligent onboard firmware and connects to the serial port. It can be used with any type of computer and requires no special hardware. All that is needed is a serial communication ports which all computers have.

All devices have signature bytes that the programmer reads to automatically identify the chip. No need to select the device type, just plug it in and go! All devices also have a number of lock bits to provide various levels of software and programming protection. These lock bits are fully programmable using this programmer. Lock bits are useful to protect the program to be read back from microcontroller only allowing erase to reprogram the microcontroller. The programmer connects to a host computer using a standard RS232 serial port. All the programming 'intelligence' is built into the programmer so you do not need any special hardware to run it. Programmer comes with window based software for easy programming of the devices.

42

Fig 5.5 Steps Involved in Programmer

5.4.2 Programming Software Computer side software called 'Proload V4.1' is executed that accepts the Intel HEX format file generated from compiler to be sent to target microcontroller. It auto detects the hardware connected to the serial port. It also auto detects the chip inserted and bytes used. Software is developed in Delphi 7 and requires no overhead of any external DLL.

43

Fig 5.6 Writing the Program Bytes onto the Micro Controller

5.4.3 Features

Supports major Atmel 89 series devices Auto Identify connected hardware and devices Error checking and verification in-built Lock of programs in chip supported to prevent program copying 20 and 40 pin ZIF socket on-board Auto Erase before writing and Auto Verify after writing Informative status bar and access to latest programmed file Simple and Easy to use Works on 57600 speed

44

6. WORKING
Embedded Periodic School Bell using AT89S51 Microcontroller is an exclusive project in terms of saving the electrical power up to some extent. It also eliminates man power up to the maximum extent. The working of this project starts when the school bell has to be rung. Before the advent of this product, a person used to operate the bell manually for a specific period. Sometimes there might be a chance that the operator may forget to operate the bell at that particular time which may cause inconvenience to the entire institution and this problem becomes worse when the operator is on leave. To avoid all these, we developed a product Embedded Periodic School Bell. In this, we use AT89S51 Microcontroller to perform all these tasks. As the bell has to be operated at predefined timings, we need to store these timings in our microcontroller for which we will be using the EEPROM. It is also required to calculate the current time. For this purpose, we use an IC called Real Time Clock (RTC DS 1307). This current time is compared with the predefined timings stored in the external EEPROM 24C04... The bell will be connected to one of the microcontroller port pins through relay. Thus to operate the bell, the relay should be switched on. This relay is connected to the microcontroller through transistors or ULN driver as the microcontroller cannot drive the bell directly. To ring the bell at different timings, we enter different alarm times in the microcontroller. Here, we are operating the bell at eight different timings. Thus these eight timings are entered through the switches-enter switch, increment switch and decrement switch. The alarm times are stored in the EEPROM and the microcontroller accepts the current time from the RTC continuously. These timings are displayed on the 7-segment displays provided on the system board. The program in the microcontroller will be written in such a way that the bell rings for a specific duration at predefined alarm times. Thus when the current time approaches the first alarm time, the bell rings for a certain duration (may be 10 sec) and stops ringing and again when the current time approaches the second alarm time, the bell rings for a specified duration. In the similar 45

fashion, the bell rings whenever the current time equals the predefined alarm times. With RTC, we can store the entire calendar into the microcontroller. Thus, it is also possible to operate the bell from morning to evening and not to ring after school hours and on Sundays and Second Saturdays. This is very much important because the operator may forget to switch off the system on weekends or holidays. The user can change these preprogrammed timings according to his requirements. Therefore, with this project there is no chance for any disturbances while the classes are going on and human involvement is almost completely eliminated in operating the system unless the user wishes to change the preprogrammed timings to operate the bell

7. RESULT

The automatic college bell has been successfully implemented and tested.

46

8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

The designed equipment is working properly. And it applicable to the schools, colleges, more educational institutions, offices, factories, and etc..It can be enhanced to use it for many more applications in the future without any major modifications. This project was a overall success. The specifications originally suggested were met, and others were added to future improve the design and functioning of the device. In this project modify the more applications using a microcontroller 1. It can be used in the college, school for belling purpose. 2. It can be used in the any type of examination for belling because we can set the ringing time. 3. Automatic scheduling of college bell is possible. 4. Compact in size so takes less space. 5. Time editable facility is available.

9. BIBLOGRAPHY

www.8051projects.info www.en.wikipedia.org www.alldatasheet.com www.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets_pdf/7/8/0/5/7805.shtml 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by Mazidi and Mazidi Applied Electronics by R. S. Sedha

47