Chapter II Review of Related Literatures A.

Foreign Literature Although must commercial transactions still take place through conventional channels, rising numbers of consumers and business are using the internet for electronic commerce. Projections show that by 2006, total E-commerce spending by consumers and business could surpass $5 Trillion. Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane Price Laudon (August 1993) Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology, MacMillan Publishing Company B. Foreign Studies The negotiated exchange of goods or services has been practiced in traditional ways for thousands of years. Electronic commerce is the application of new technologies, particularly Internet and Web technologies, to help individuals, businesses, and other organizations conduct business more effectively. Electronic commerce is being adopted in waves of change. The first wave of electronic commerce ended in 2000. Today, a second wave with new approaches to integrating Internet technologies into business processes is under way. In this second wave, businesses are focusing less on overall business models and more on improving specific business processes. Gary P. Schneider (2011)Electronic Commerce , Nelson -Education, Ltd. C. Local Literature The definition of e-commerce to consist of transactions where the internet is used to gather information, to order goods or services, and to make payments. Here, transactions refer to all activity that generates value both within a firm (internally) and with suppliers and customers (externally) Roberto E. de Vera (2006) Employment Impact of Business-to-Consumer E-commerce on Philippine Workers, Philippine Institute for Development Studies

D. Local Studies While the burgeoning use of Electronic Commerce in our economy is widely acknowledged and discussed, it remains largely undefined and unrecognized in official economic statistics. The terms internet, electronic commerce, electronic business and cyber trade are used often, however, they are used interchangeably and with so common understanding of their scope or relationship. Establishing terms that clearly and consistently describe our growing and dynamic networked economy is a critical step toward developing useful statistics about it Imad Mahammad El-Yousef(October 2002) Altaw-Am: An E-Commerce Recruitment System. As we can see in every studies and literature about E-Commerce it is more concern about the way of interaction and communication between every customer and clients not just simple but it is in process that have been in added in the use of internet by making easily to transact. As stated by El-Yousef(2002) , E-commerce it still unrecognizable and largely undefined in the economic statistics because it is changing and still getting bigger in many past months and years. So if we are going to see and understand that E-commerce in Modern Technology can be more extravagant because it is now more widely and many entrepreneurs are using this. As stated by Kenneth and Jane Laudon(1993) they did have a prediction or calculation the use of E-commerce will increase the economic situation because of the technology that costumers are adapting because of the changes. In another form, E-commerce is not just always about buying or selling , it can be used to gather knowledge and help individuals because sometimes it can be more effectively. As of 2000, it is said that the first wave of electronic commerce had ended because of the advancement and new technologies that integrate with business process and transactions. As stayed by Scheneider (2011) this second wave of E-Commerce now focuses on general or overall situation of the specific business.