THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN

MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION

Grey water management as part of water demand management in Jordan

Eng. NISREEN HADDADIN

Director of Water Demand Management Unit

Stockholm 21 August, 2011

Content of the Presentation

General Information about Jordan. Water Situation in Jordan. Water Demand Management Policy. Grey water Reuse.

General Information about Jordan

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan covers a land area of 90,000 km. Population 6.1 million in 2010 (Growth rate=2.2%). Average household size (person) 5.4 97% of the Jordanian population is connected to water supply systems, while 60% is connected to central sewage systems.

General Information about Jordan

General Information about Jordan

Surface water Basins in Jordan

Water sector challenges

Jordan is considered to be one of the four poorest countries worldwide in water resources, available water resources per capita is very low at a level of 145 m3/capita/year compared to international standards of 1000 m3/capita/year. Competition between demands on limited fresh water quantities is ever increasing.

High Population Growth which will continue to grow from about 6 million in 2010 to around 8.5 million by 2025. The problem severity will increase in parallel with the increase of population, living standards, economic development and potential impact of Global Warming.

Water sector challenges

Almost all fresh water recourses have been tapped and the deficit in water budget is substituted by over pumping from the aquifers, causing negative impact on the environment and sustainability in the medium and long term. By 2025, demand for water will increase to 1,680 MCM A shortfall of 450 MCM representing 30 percent of total demand will remain and will have to be managed through appropriate demand-reduction programs. Limited Financial Capacities.

Spatial Distribution of Rainfall in Jordan

Seasonal rainfall is the main

source of water in the kingdom and It is highly variable.

Annual rainfall ranges from 100

mm in the desert regions to about 400-600 mm in the western mountains.

More than 80% of the area of

Jordan is indicated as desert with rainfall < 100 mm/a

Total Rainfall Amounts

Wet Year: 11 Billion Cubic Meters Average Year: 8.3 Billion Cubic Meters Dry Years: 5.8 Billion Cubic Meters

92% Evaporates
Only 8% is available in the form of flood flow & groundwater

Available water resources

The average annual renewable fresh water resources
275 MCM is GW 505 MCM is usable SW

Other sources of water are Nonconventional water resources: Nonrenewable water = 140 MCM
Treated WW = 110 MCM in 2009 207 MCM in 2020 Almost 100% will be reused

Desalinated water = 10 MCM

% Water uses per sector (2009)

600 500 400

MCM 300
200 100 0 Irrigation Municipal Industrial Livestock

Demand exceeds Supply

Water for Life 2008-2022

Jordan's vision for a water strategy is one whereby 2022, we have:

Adequate, safe and secure drinking water supply ; Greater understanding and more effective management of groundwater and surface water; Healthy aquatic ecosystems; A sustainable use of water resources, and implemented fair, affordable and cost - reflective water charges; Adaptation to increased population growth and economic development across the water sector and water users.

Water for Life 2008-2022

The following are the main pillars of the strategy:

Water Demand Management. Water Supply. Institutional Reform Wastewater Irrigation Water Non Conventional water resources.

Water Demand Management Policy

Maximum utilization and minimum waste of water, and promotion of effective water use efficiency and water conservation, for social and economic development and environmental protection. Sustained implementation of water demand management policy will generate water savings that will be an important source of additional water to help bridge the gap between supply and demand and advance economic growth and social development. The resultant water savings will provide monetary savings by reducing or delaying the necessary investments in water supply and wastewater disposal and saving energy.

Multiple Benefits of Water Demand Management

Energy savings in pumping and treatment. Energy savings in heating water. Foregone costs of treatment and distribution system capacity. Deferred, downsized, or eliminated water supply projects. Improved reliability of supplies Environmental benefits (of more water) for protecting streams, wetlands, and estuaries

Water Demand Management Policy is presented in two components:

Urban Sector. Irrigation sector.

Water Demand Management Policy

On Instituting Water Demand Management

On Codes and Equipment Certification On Reduction of Non-Revenue Water On Water Pricing On Reuse of Treated Wastewater

On Prohibition on Wasting Water

Water Demand Management Policy

On Comprehensive Water-Use and Water Demand Management

Information Program

On Education and Public Awareness On Water Demand Management Programs On Industrial Water Demands

On Tourism Water Demands

On Water-wise Landscaping On Water Efficiency Assistance for Low Income Consumers

Water Demand Management Policy

On Training and Capacity Building

On Water Demand Management Research and Development

On Best Management Practices On Financial Mechanisms for Improving Water Efficiency On Key Performance Indicators On Water Supply Augmentation using Rainwater Harvesting, Gray

water and On-site Treated Wastewater

Gray water reuse in Jordan

On Water Supply Augmentation using Rainwater Harvesting, Gray water and On-site Treated Wastewater
Rainwater harvesting systems should be required for new construction (residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, etc). Rainwater harvesting can provide a nonpotable water source that can augment existing water supplies. Plumbing designs for new residences and buildings should be changed to accommodate rainwater harvesting systems and safe storage for all structures; and graywater use for rural structures, not connected to a central sewer system . Rural residences not connected to a central sewer system shall consider use of graywater for home gardens. Regulations need to be adopted to address any health and environmental issues that may be associated with graywater use. Graywater use could be supplemental source of water taking into account the impact on centralized sewer systems.

Gray water reuse in Jordan

On Water Supply Augmentation using Rainwater Harvesting, Gray water and On-site Treated Wastewater

On-site wastewater, graywater treatment and reuse shall be required for certain new commercial and residential developments. There are significant opportunities for treating and re-using wastewater on-site for high-rise and high-density buildings. Financial or tax incentives to encourage rainwater harvesting, graywater use and on-site treated wastewater use shall be implemented.

Gray water reuse in Jordan

The idea of gray water reuse is not new to Jordan because in this region of low rainfall the people have historically had to survive by minimizing their water usage. Nabateans used greywater for toilet flushing 500 B.C. (Umm Al-Bijara palace).

Gray water reuse in Jordan

Rural systems low-cost but efficient - for irrigation Urban systems low-cost/ state-of-the-art irrigation and toilet flushing Large-volume consumers state-of-the-art irrigation, cleaning, toilet flushing

Gray water reuse in Jordan

How much drinking water do we really need?
Only 50% of our daily consumption need to be drinking water. Contribution to ecological sustainability with Greywater Systems Reduction of water usage by up to 50l /person/day

1st use: shower, hygiene, kitchen

2nd use for toilet flushing, cleaning and irrigation

3rd use reclaimed water irrigation only

Gray water reuse in Jordan

Dual Piping A MUST for in-house reuse
Separate pipes for greywater and blackwater (from toilets) Separate pipes for drinking water and service water (treated greywater to toilets)

In-house reuse greywater systems need to be considered from the planning stage of a project

Gray water reuse in Jordan

Typical reuse options in rural areas

Rural home

Mosque

Schools, Student Dormitory

Gray water reuse in Jordan

Typical reuse options in rural areas
Greenhouse irrigation

Garden Irrigation

Tree and crop irrigation

Gray water reuse in Jordan

all GW systems for in-house reuse require a minimum of maintenance and financial input to be effective and safe for the users.

rural low-tech systems : grease traps and pump maintenance. owners / households are responsible for that, It depends on the technical skills and dedication
more sophisticated systems: pumps, filters and devices for disinfection. require trained and skilled personnel to be operated sustainably. In hotels, the maintenance staff can take over such task after a training or it can be outsourced to a reliable service company.

Gray water reuse in Jordan

It is a challenge If systems are installed in large housing or multi-purpose complexes. a maintenance structure has to be ensured BEFORE such systems are installed, such service structures will also add to the running cost of a building and financing has to be ensured. (normally paid by the residents/ users). Jordan has a few companies which can provide reliable maintenance services for in-house reuse and existing unit are well maintained. But some users are often not willing to pay for such services. Therefore, it also requires a change in attitude towards sustainability of buildings in general.

Thank you for your attention