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Chapter Four Application of MHP plant

4.1 Application of MHP MHP plant generates electricity and mechanical power. Generally electrical power generated by MHP plant is used in local grid for lighting houses. There are few cases to connect electricity generated by MHP plant in national grid. If the power generated is utilized only for lighting local community, it consumes for only four to six hours daily. There will be waste of power for eighteen to twenty hours daily. The generation cost does not vary weather it is consumed for few hours or whole hours of a day. MHP plant is focused to use generated power by the plant with constant load and continuous time. The constant load demand will help for the financial viability and longer life of different components of the plant and the project as a whole. Hence the load distribution for the MHP plant should be properly managed to use as lighting house in evening and operate other appliance in remaining times. This not only helps to reduce per unit electricity cost, it also helps to operate development works in the community. There are different demand and application of the power generated by MHP plants which are explained in the following sub titles.

4.2 Agro processing Power generated from MHP plants are normally used for residential lighting of local community. Generally the population in the community is largely agrarian. Agro processing is the first choice of potential entrepreneurs of the community. Evidence has been shown that milling unites come up easily and do not required much potential effort. The agro processing also includes huller, oil expeller, grinder etc. Thus the power generated from MHP plant will be utilized for agro processing unit. This helps to raise economic living standard of the local community. It is important to utilize the power generation from the MHP plant properly. Generally domestic lighting will be necessary from evening to before midnight. Power division for agro processing could be done during day time or any other time when power generation is not necessary for domestic lighting. The mechanical shaft power is utilized for smaller agro processing units. These units are operated directly by turbine shaft with belt and pulley arrangements. Other ways to run agro processing is by electrical power generated by the generator. One of the uses of power generation is as an irrigation pump. The
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pumpi could b done dur ing be ring night w when there is less need of power for other d r applic ation like house lightin cottage i h ng industries e etc.

Exam ples of agr processin Rice hu ro ng: usker Since ancient tim farmer s use diffe me, erent types of manual rice husk l ker. These traditi onal huske are time consumi ers es ing and needs much human lab or. These days, rice husk m mills are qu common in villages Accordin to the ag uit n s. ng gricultural produc of the village, diff cts v ferent types of huskin g units are in large de s emand. In some types of hu t usking units are install ed in powe house of MHP plant by direct s er t coupli with tur ing rbine shaft u using belts. But in oth type of h . her husking un its, power houses are far fro the villa s om ages so hus king units could be in nstalled in t he village is conv venient for villagers. I this type of husking units/mill, electricity generated In by MH plant is use to run motor whic rotates th shaft of husker unit In some HP ch he t. type o f a husker i installed with polish unit too. is her .

Fig. 4.1 Rice hus ker using MHP plant M (Sourc AEPC/ES ce SAP, Machin and appa nes aratus using e electricity} Exam ples of agr processin Water pumps ro ng: In these days agr riculture pr oducts like cellars, ve e egetable etc could be improved c. by watering with water pum mps, where t there is no irrigation c canals. Norm mally it is difficu to irrigat in hilly regions, wa ter pumps a one its s ult te r are solutions. T use of The pumpi ing water a also helps t crop gre vegetab to een bles. Water pumps are installed e accord ding to head needed, w d water flow ra power a ate, available, c cost of pump etc. ps

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Fig. 4. Water pu .2 ump using MHP plant M (Sourc AEPC/ES ce SAP, Machin and appa nes aratus using e electricity} attery charging 4.3 Ba Battery charging c y could be ano other end us in MHP plant, which helps to im se h mprove the load fa actor. If the capacity of a MHP gen f nerator is suf fficient to su upply power demand of r the all the houses in the area, th total hous can be divided into t groups ( say groupi he ses two A and group-B) and one of the group ( a (say group-B can be supplied by the battery B) inverte system. The battery of such syst er T tem shall be charged fro the MHP generator e om P during day time, w when there is no peak de s emand in gro oup-A consu umer houses. A typical ement of suc applicatio is shown i Fig.4.3. ch on in arrange
GroupAconsumersGr roupBconsumers Generator MHPG Battery Battery Inv verter

Fig. 4.3 Ty ypical exam of batter charging as end use in MHP schem mple ry a n me In this kind of sch heme, the gr roup-B cons sumers get p power suppl only duri evening ly ing time. D During day time, the battery bank will be cha arging mode The charg battery e. ged could b transporte where pow is dema be ed wer anded, withou extending transmissio lines. ut g on

4.4 Li ghting hou uses

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Primary use of electrical power generated by MHP plant is for domestic lighting of the local community. The power demand for the installation is calculated by considering the domestic lighting of the community. Normally domestic lighting includes lighting in kitchen and in common rooms of individual community. The additional lighting will be done on other rooms, for electric appliances like radio, television etc. Normally numbers of electric lights for each household and lighting time are fixed. This simplify for tariff collection. Along with domestic house lighting, electrical appliances will help to increase living standard of the community. This also helps for literacy, health awareness communication with the outside world. Duration of using domestic house lighting and electric appliances is used normally in evening and before midnight. Thus proper arranging the power load is done by using power generated by MHP plant for other applications. Domestic lighting load is the major load in MHP plant. In the early days of MHP history, incandescent filament bulbs were used for lighting purpose. This type of bulb does not consume reactive power. It consumes only active power resulting in unity power factor. Its cost is also very cheap. However, the efficiency of such bulb is very poor with compare to other light sources like CFL and FTL lamps. Table.4.1 shows the comparison of various light sources.

Table 4.1 Comparison of various light sources S.N. Type of lamp 1 2 3 4 5 60 W filament bulb 13W CFL lamp 36 W CFL lamp 36 W FTL lamp 36 W FTL TRUE-Lite lamp Lumen output 720 Lumen 900 Lumen 2450 Lumen 2400 Lumen 3250 Lumen Lamp efficiency 12 Lumen/W 69 Lumen/W 68 Lumen/W 67 Lumen/W 90 Lumen/W Power factor 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 Lamp current at 220V 0.27 Amp 0.12 Amp 0.32 Amp 0.2 Amp 0.2 Amp

When filament bulbs are used for lighting purpose, there is no problem of reactive power. The operation of generator will not face problem due to reactive power. However, the numbers of houses that can be electrified will be less with compare that incase of CFL lamps.

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Fig. 4.5 Lighting h house using MHP plant t mall ndustries 4.5 Sm scale in As des scribed abov there is v ve, very low loa during the day time r ad e resulting in lower load factor of the MHP plant. Pow generat ed by MHP plant cou be used for small P wer P uld scale i industries o the comm of munity like b bakery, saw mill, pape making e Proper w er etc. manag gement of p power gene erated in i ndustrial u will no t only con use ntribute to improv load fac ve ctor of the plant it gre atly helps to raise the economic condition p t e of the community y. As the technolog has been increasing continuou e gy n g usly, mana gement of the power deman should b e done prop nd perly for sm scale in mall ndustrial. I some scale industries If are ope erated during the day tim the ener available from the M g me, rgy e MHP plant w be more will effectiv vely utilized thus by resulting hi d igh load fac ctor. Howev ver, these s small scale industr will hav inductive load such a induction motors. Hen the reac ries ve as nce, ctive power source has to be pr roperly desig to operate the industri load during day time. gn e ial

Power generated by MHP pl r lant does h elp to incre ease living standard of the local f commu unity as well as ec w conomical standard, health, lit teracy etc. Proper manag gement will increase lo factor o the plant and encou l oad of t urage the co ommunity for bet particip tter pation to im mprove the e existing pla nt.

Exam ples of sma scale ind all dustries: F Furniture in ndustries Nowad days furnit ture is used not only in cities b also in rural area In the d but n as.
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develo oping proc cess differ rent educa ational in stitutes an nd non-go overnment organi izations are increasing in these rural areas . This lead higher d e g ds demand of furnitu Furnitu industrie will flou ure. ure es urish in the rural areas if they cou supply uld furnitu to educa ure ational insti itutes and d different gov vernment o rganization in cities ns and vi illages. Thi increases income of the villag is s f gers. In furn niture indu ustry there are va arious tools that need electricity. Electrical power mak these to kes ools work efficie ently lower ring the pr roduction c cost and providing th better q he quality of furnitu by savin time. ure ng

Fig. 4.6 Small scaled furni ture industr using MH plant s ry HP (Sourc AEPC/ES ce SAP, Machin and appa nes aratus using e electricity}

all dustries: M Metal indus stries Exam ples of sma scale ind

Use of metals item are incre f ms easing in rur communities too. T ral There are various metal items u used in dom mestic as well as in scho ools and oth organizat her tions. Meta industries al could b operated near MHP p be n plant. Expert technicians are needed in these ind t s d dustries.

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Fig 4.7 Small scaled met industry using MHP plant g. l tal y P (Sourc AEPC/ES ce SAP, Machin and appa nes aratus using e electricity}

all dustries: B Bakery indu ustries Exam ples of sma scale ind Nowad days bakeri are com ies mmon not o only in citi but also in rural a ies o areas. The custom mers of bak keries are school stud dent, indus try worker s, and trav velers etc. Survey of bakery and its va y y arieties shou be done before op uld e perating it. There are varieti ies of bak ery. Floor, sugar, ye , east are ra materia ls used fo making aw or bakeri Then it is baked in electrical o ies. n oven.

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Fig. 4.8 Small scaled bake industry using MH plant . ery y HP (Sourc AEPC/ES ce SAP, Machin and appa nes aratus using e electricity}

all dustries: M Milk chiller industries r s Exam ples of sma scale ind Milk chilling in ndustry cou be inst alled to co uld ollect milk produce i nearby k in village for some duration. Later this c es, e collected mi will be t ilk transported to cities. The co ollected mi is store in these ch ilk hilling stations, where milk temp perature is reduce ed. The reduced temp perature he elps to store the milk for longer period of e time without any harm. The re are many types of m w y milk produc that can be made. cts n Milk and milk products ar good for health an are rich in energy Various p re r nd y. survey such as amount o f milk coll ys; lection, dur ration for c collection, cost, etc. should be done b d before insta alling the ch hilling indu ustries. Rec cord shows that milk chiller industries are famous as an end use in man y MHP plan Village will be r s nts. ers benefi ited by stori milk in chiller indu ing ustries.

Fig. 4.9 Small sc aled milk c hiller indus stry using M MHP plant (Sourc AEPC/ES ce SAP, Machin and appa nes aratus using e electricity}

all dustries: O expeller industries Oil s Exam ples of sma scale ind Cookin oils are produced by expel ng e d lling oil fr rom agricu ultural prod ducts like mustar soya bin sun flow rd, n, wer, etc. Oil is used for cooling in cities as well as in l n w village Differen types of oil expell ers are ava es. nt f ailable in m markets. Oi l expeller industries could be installed in villages where oil producing agricultura l products b d s are wi idely availa able. Oil ex xpeller ind ustries of a appropriate capacities could be install ed by cons sidering oil producing agricultura products of the loc village g al s cal and vi illage nearb Normal ly small ty oil expe by. ype eller with e expelling ca apacity of thirty to sixty kilo ogram per h hour will be better for small villag e ges.
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Fig. 4.10 Small scaled oil expeller industry using MHP plant (Source AEPC/ESAP, Machines and apparatus using electricity}

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