Unit 3: Lesson 1 Review Questions.

1. What substances are necessary in order for a planet to have weather? For the earth to have weather there has to be a layer of gasses surrounding its surface. 2. Describe three variables that meteorologists study in order to make weather predictions. Air pressure, temperature, wind direction and speed, and also where high and low pressures sit. They also have to know where the entire warm, cold, and stationary, fronts are. 3. What is a physical change? A physical change is a change in the form of a substance that does not change the identity of the substance. 4. Name three types of maps that meteorologists use. Describe the maps and the information that they contain. Meteorologists use detailed maps to monitor the physical changes taking place in our atmosphere and to keep track of the movement of moisture and air around the planet. Information on weather maps includes temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation, warm and cold fronts, and the location of the jet stream. 5. Consult a newspaper, the Internet, or a weather report on television. a. Name three states that are currently experiencing a cold front (or warm front) moving through.

b. Which states are experiencing high-pressure systems? What is the weather forecast in those states?

c. If you were traveling to New York tomorrow, would you pack a raincoat? Explain. 6. Nitrogen, N2, oxygen, O2, carbon dioxide, CO2, and water vapor, H2O(g), are all gases found in the atmosphere. a. Draw the structural formula for each and include lone pair electrons.

b. Draw the Lewis dot structure for water.

c. Which molecules are polar and which molecules are nonpolar? d. Which one of the four substances is naturally found as a liquid, a solid, and a gas on Earth?

Even when you use different containers to measure rainfall there height will be the same though the volumes will differ. The relationship between the volume of a container and its height is a proportional one. This means that volume and height are related to one another by a single number called the proportionality constant.

Rain Gauges

Lesson 2: Measuring Liquids

Proportional Relationships

Volume versus Height

If volume were used to report rainfall, each meteorologist would report a different number, depending on the area of the base of the rain gauge used.

The density of snow is less than the density of liquid water.

Density and Phase

Lesson 3: Density of Liquids and Solids.

Converting Snowfall to Rain

The Density of Ice You can use mathematical equations or graphs to convert the volume of snow to the volume of liquid water. To use graphs, you need to plot two lines of mass versus volume, one for snow and another for liquid water. The slope of each line is the density of that substance.

To use mathematical equations, you need to know the density of the snow and the density of liquid water.

Most matter expands in volume as it is heated and contracts as it is cooled. In solids, the change is usually very small. In gases, the change is dramatic.

Changes in Volume

To set a temperature scale, you need to start with at least two points. Once these two temperature points are noted on a scale, it is possible to figure out where any other temperature would be on that scale.

Lesson 4: Thermometer

Creating Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit versus Celsius

There are 180 Fahrenheit degrees between 0C and 100C. This means that a Fahrenheit degree unit is a smaller change in temperature than a Celsius degree unit.

When a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet, the warm air rises and layers on top of the cold air. This is because warm air is less dense than cold air.

A cold front occurs when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass, and a warm front occurs when a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass.

Air Density

Lesson 7: Density, Temperature, and Fronts.

Weather Fronts

Relationships between Weather Variables

Clouds and precipitation occur with both warm and cold fronts. Warm fronts produce steady, light rain, and cold fronts produce sudden, heavy showers.