Chapter 1: Functions

1.1- Relations
1.1.1(A) Introducing set relations The notation of a set is { } 1.1.1(B) Representing a relation In order to visualize a relation in an orderly manner, we can represent a relation with an arrow diagram, a set of ordered pairs or a graph. 1.1.2 Determining domain, codomain, object, image and range of a relation Set A is called the domain of the relation and set B is the codomain. Each of the elements in the domain is an object and each of the elements in set B that has been mapped is an image. The set that contains all the images that are matched is the range. A Ani Kamala Mei Lin father of B Izam Kam Sing Ravi Fernandez

1.1.3- Classifying the types of relations Relations can be classified into four different categories. (a) One-to-one Each object in the domain has only one image in the codomain (b) One-to-many If there is an object existing in the domain which has more than one image in the range, then it is a one-to-many relation (c) Many-to-one If there exists an image which is released to more than one object in the domain and each object in the domain has only one image in the range, then it is a many-to-one relation (d) Many-to-many If there exists an object which has more than one image in the range and likewise if there exists an image in the range which is related to more than one object in the domain, then the relation is many-to-many

1.2

Functions
A function is a special relation whereby for every object in the domain, there is one and only one image in the codomain. Only one-to one and many-to-one relations are functions

1.2.1- Recognizing function as a special relation

1.2.2- Expressing functions using function notation o o In mathematical notation, a function can be represented by the symbol f and the object by the symbol x. Hence, a function that maps every object x in the domain to an image in the codomain is four times the value. It can be written as f: x 4x or f(x) = 4x

1.2.3- Determining domain, object, image and range of a function Each element in the codomain onto which an object is mapped is and image. The set which contains all the images is called the range of the function. 1.3.2- Determining the image or object of a composite function To determine the image of a composite function given the object, we use the substitution method.

1.2.4- Determining the image of a function given the object and vice versa To determine the image of an object of a function, substitute the value of the object into the function. Similarly, we can obtain the object when the image is give

1.3Composite functions 1.3.1- Determining the composition of two functions

1.3.3- Determining one of the functions in a given composite function o If a composite function and one of its component functions are known, we can determine the other one.

1.4-

Inverse functions

1.4.1- Determining the object by inverse mapping

1.4.2- Determining the inverse function We can determine the inverse of a given image based on the concept of inverse function

1.4.3- Determining condition for the existence of an inverse function f is a many-to-one function but the reverse mapping is not a function-one-to-many. Many-to-one do not have inverse function. Only one-to-one have inverse functions