CHT - GPRS presentation

Session 4

Power control

Joseph-Andre MATTEI Network Optimization Solutions 23rd October 2001

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Scope

This fourth GPRS presentation (session 4):

Presents the GPRS power control algorithm and the associated parameters

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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 1

Agenda

Power control description

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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 2

Power control for GPRS

Presentation

RF power control Is employed to minimize the transmit power required by MS or BSS whilst maintaining the quality of the radio links. By minimizing the transmit power levels, interference to co-channel users is reduced.

Power control for GPRS (packet oriented connection) is more complicated than for GSM (circuit switched connection) since:

There is no continuous two-way connection, But a ON/OFF data traffic with very often short UL ON periods.

In the Nortel GPRS V12.4 C Access Network release:

DL power control is not used (with USF: more complicated and less efficient). UL power control is implemented in order to decrease:

The overall interference level in the cell (spectrum efficiency), The MS battery consumption.
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 3

Power control for GPRS

Algorithm

The RF output power PCH to be employed by the MS on each UL GPRS physical channel (PDCH) shall be (in dBm):

PCH = min (0 - CH - * (C + 48); PMAX)

CH = MS and channel specific power control parameter, sent to the MS in the PUAS RLC/MAC control message 0 = 39 dBm for GSM900 and 36 dBm for DCS1800 = system parameter broadcast on BCCH SI 13 and sent to the MS in the PUAS RLC/MAC control message C = normalized received signal level at the MS PMAX = maximum allowed output power in the cell = MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH (GSM parameter)
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 4

Power control for GPRS

Algorithm

V12.4 C implementation

No DL Power Control:

PBTS = bsTxPwrMax (GSM parameter)

Open-loop control for UL power control algorithm

=1 CH characteristics:

- Kept constant in the cell - Fixed by the target received signal value at BTS side i.e. btsSensitivity

The output power is based on the received signal level C assuming the same path loss in UL and DL (see 05.08) which is useful in the beginning of a packet transmission.

The MS RF output power PCH shall be (in dBm):

PCH = min ( 0 - CH - C - 48; PMAX)

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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 5

Power control for GPRS

Algorithm

Computation of CH (at PCU side)

Received signal strength at the MS:

C = bsTxPwrMax - Path_Loss

MS output power:

PCH = 0 - CH - C - 48

BTS received signal strength target value = btsSensitivity

btsSensitivity = PCH - Path_Loss

Thus:

CH = 0 - bsTxPwrMax - btsSensitivity - 48
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 6

Power control for GPRS

Algorithm

The PCU computes CH according to 0, bsTxPwrMax and btsSensitivity provided by the BSC in the TDMA Config Request message of the OAM Agprs interface.

When the MS receives new CH values, it shall update PCH.

The same PCH is used on all 4 bursts within 1 radio block.

To access a cell on RACH, before receiving the 1st power control parameters in PUAS, the MS shall use PCH = PMAX.

CH PCH

22

33

CH

BTS 11

BSC

PCU 0, bsTxPwrMax and btsSensitivity

MS
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 7

Power control for GPRS

Algorithm

For given radio conditions:

C is fixed btsSensitivity influence:

(CH (CH ) => PCH ) => PCH (less power control) (more power control)

btsSensitivity btsSensitivity

For a given power control:

btsSensitivity is fixed Radio conditions influence:

C C

=> PCH => PCH

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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 8

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

btsSensitivity (BTS Object): Classe 3

Target value for received signal strength at BTS side. Value range: [0 to 255] Default value: 0

NB:

x value at the OMC-R MMI - x dBm Does not have any impact on the BTS. As it defines the target power to be received by the BTS, the MS has to assess the DL path loss and adjust its transmission power in order to ensure that the BTS receives the signal at the power level defined by btsSensitivity:

Increasing its value would permit to avoid losing signalling packets from the MS (like PDAN) and as a consequence avoid a loss of throughput. The fact that the MS shall transmit with a higher power would not create more UL interference as the GPRS traffic is mostly a DL traffic.
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 9

Power control for GPRS

Packet Transfer Mode

Associated parameters
MS uses Pa Ca Cb
Avg_T

Packet Idle Mode

MS uses Pb

MS uses Pc Cc Cd T
Avg_T

Ci T
Avg_W

Ck T T
Avg_T

Avg_W

nAvgW & nAvgT (BTS Object) Class 3

Permit to compute the multiframes filtering periods Tavg_w & Tavg_T for power control respectively in Packet Idle Mode & in Packet Transfer Mode. Value range: [0 to 25] Default value: 0

The higher Tavg_w:

The higher past measurements impact. The higher the number of multiframes to update C.

These values influence the calculation of C.

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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 10

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

Computation of C (received signal strength at MS side)

Packet Idle mode

The MS shall periodically measure the received signal level of each BCCH paging block monitored. The normalised C value is given for each radio block by Cblock n, mean of the received signal level of the four normal bursts that compose the block. The Cblock n values are filtered with a running average filter:

Where a is the forgetting factor: - If a = 1, then Cn past values are not taken into account.

Cn = (1 - a) * Cn-1 + a * Cblock n

- If a tends to 0, then more importance is given to Cn past measurements

And n is the iteration index: - The filter shall be restarted every time a new cell is selected. - When entering Packet Idle mode, the filter shall continue from the n and Cn values obtained during Packet Transfer mode. The current Cn value shall be used in PCH formula to calculate the output power when the MS transfers its first radio block.
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 11

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

Computation of C (received signal strength at MS side)

a = 1 / Min (n; Max (5; TAVG_W * NDRX))

Packet Idle mode

The forget factor a permits to give more or less importance to Cn past values.

TAVG_W is broadcast on BCCH SI 13 and represents the multiframes filtering window for Cn computing (in number of multiframes):

TAVG_W = [2^(nAvgW / 2)] / 6

NDRX average number of monitored blocks per multiframe according to its paging group in DRX mode

NDRX = 1 / BS_PA_MFRMS

BS_PA_MFRMS is broadcast on BCCH SI 3 (noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging)

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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 12

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

Computation of C (received signal strength at MS side)

Packet Idle mode

Example 1 BS_PA_MFRMS = 5 and nAvgW = 0 then: a = 1 / Min (n; Max (5; 1 / 6 * 1 / 5)) = 1 / Min (n; 5)

If n > 5 i.e. the MS computes more than 5 iterations of Cn which is likely to occur as it is incremented by 1 at each iteration since the selection of the cell, then:

a=1/5 Cn = 4/5 * Cn-1 + 1/5 * Cblock n

80% of Cn comes from the past value and 20% from the current value.
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 13

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

Computation of C (received signal strength at MS side)

Packet Idle mode

Example 2: BS_PA_MFRMS = 5 and nAvgW = 25 then:

a = 1 / Min (n; Max (5; (2^12.5) / 30)) = 1 / Min (n; Max (5; 193))

If n > 193 i.e. the MS computes more than 193 iterations of Cn, case of a MS camping in the current cell for about 3 min 47 sec = 193 * 5 * 235 ms (235 ms = CCCH 51-multiframe duration). Then:

a = 1 / 193 Cn = 0.995 * Cn-1 + 0.005 Cblock n

99.5% of Cn comes from the past value and 0.5% from the current value.
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 14

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

Computation of C (received signal strength at MS side)

Packet Transfer mode

In V12.4 C, the MS is asked in SI13 or in transfer to make received signal level measurements on the serving cell BCCH carrier (PC_MEAS_CHAN = 0). The measurements shall be filtered with a running average filter:

Cn = (1 - b) * Cn-1 + b * SSn

Where: SSn is the received signal level of the measurement samples, b is the forgetting factor (same function as a), And n is the iteration index: When entering Packet Transfer mode, the filter shall continue from the n and Cn values obtained during Packet Idle mode.

The current Cn value shall be used in PCH formula to calculate the output power when the MS transfers its first radio block.
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 15

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

Computation of C (received signal strength at MS side)

Packet Transfer mode

The forget factor b permits to give more or less importance to Cn past values.

b = 1 / (6 * TAVG_T)

TAVG_T is broadcast on BCCH SI 13 and represents the multiframes filtering window for Cn computing (in number of multiframes):

TAVG_T = [2^(nAvgT / 2)] / 6

In this mode, the MS decodes 1 BCCH block per multiframe.

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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 16

Power control for GPRS

Associated parameters

Computation of C (received signal strength at MS side)

Packet Transfer mode

Example 1 nAvgT = 0 then:

b = 1 / (6 * 1 / 6)) = 1

Cn = SSn

100 % of Cn comes from the measured value. Example 2 nAvgT = 25 then:

b = 1 / (2^12.5) = 1.7e-4

Cn = Cn-1

0,017% of Cn comes from the current value and 0,99983% coming from past values.
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V12.4 C GPRS presentation - Session 3 28th Sept. 2001 - 17