IJRREST: International Journal of Research Review in Engineering Science and Technology (ISSN 2278- 6643) | Volume-1 Issue-3, December

2012

Cloud Computing: A Promising Expertise

*Zatin Gupta, **Ashish Gupta, ***Saurabh Agrawal *Assistant Professor, RKGIT, Ghaziabad, UP, India, zatin.gupta2000@gmail.com **Assistant Professor, RPIIT, Karnal, Haryana, India, ashmic25@gmail.com ***M.Tech.(CSE) Scholar, RTU, Rajasthan, India, saurabh303agr@gmail.com

Abstract: Cloud computing a relatively recent term, defines the paths ahead in computer science world. Being built on decades of research it utilizes all recent achievements in virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing, and networking. It implies a service oriented architecture through offering softwares and platforms as services, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, on demand services and many other things. This paper is a brief survey based of readings on cloud computing and it tries to address, related research topics, challenges ahead and possible applications. The boom in cloud computing over the past few years has led to a situation that is common to many innovations and new technologies: many have heard of it, but far fewer actually understand what it is and, more importantly, how it can benefit them. Keywords: Cloud computing, PaaS, SaaS, IaaS

In fact, it is a very independent platform in terms of Computing. The best example of cloud is Google Apps where any application can be accessed using a browser and it can be deployed on thousands of computer through the Internet.

Figure1: Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a very specific type of computing that has very specific benefits. But it has specific negatives as well. And it does not serve the needs of real businesses to hear only the hype about cloud computing both positive and negative. One thing that is hoped to be accomplished with this paper is not only a clear picture of what the cloud does extremely well. a) What is Cloud Computing?

1. INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is the next generation in computation. Maybe Clouds can save the world; possibly people can have everything they need on the cloud. Cloud Computing, to put it simply, means Internet Computing. The Internet is commonly visualized as clouds; hence the term cloud computing for computation done through the Internet. Cloud computing is the next natural step in the evolution of on-demand information technology services and products. With Cloud Computing users can access database resources via the Internet from anywhere, for as long as they need. Besides, databases in cloud are very dynamic and scalable. Cloud computing is unlike grid computing, utility computing, or autonomic computing.

Cloud computing is a subscription based on -demand service where by resources, infrastructure, platforms and softwares are delivered as a service to the customers over the internet cloud via virtual shared servers. The location of physical resources and devices being accessed are typically not known to the end user. Users can access these services without having knowledge of how to manage the resources needed to run their processes. Email was probably the first service on the cloud. To access your Email account, you just required an

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IJRREST: International Journal of Research Review in Engineering Science and Technology (ISSN 2278- 6643) | Volume-1 Issue-3, December 2012

internet connection and it can be accessed anywhere as it is not housed on your personal computer. Some generic examples include: Amazons Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) offering computational services that enable people to use CPU cycles without buying more computers Storage services such as those provided by Amazons Simple Storage Service (S3) b) Architecture of Cloud computing:

pull together to deliver infrastructure request.

an

application

or

Cloud computing architecture works through two components: Front end and Back end. At the front end, clients device and some applications are needed to access the cloud computing system, whereas this whole cloud computing system, a group of clouds (computer machines, data storage system, and servers) is available at the backend. A Central server is used to administer the whole system along with monitoring of clients demand and traffic to ensure smooth functioning of system and Middleware is required to provide communication among the computers on the network. Cloud computing systems also must have a copy of all its clients data to restore the service which may arise due to a device breakdown. Cloud computing can be visualized as a pyramid consisting of three sections: Cloud Application: This is the apex of the cloud pyramid, where applications are run and interacted with via a web browser, hosted desktop or remote client. A hallmark of commercial cloud computing applications is that users never need to purchase expensive software licenses themselves. Instead, the cost is incorporated into the subscription fee. A cloud application eliminates the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus removing the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation and support. Cloud Platform: The middle layer of the cloud pyramid, which provides a computing platform or framework as a service, a cloud computing platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures and de-provisions servers as needed to cope with increases or decreases in demand. This in reality is a distributed computing model, where many services

Cloud Infrastructure: The foundation of the cloud pyramid is the delivery of IT infrastructure through virtualization. Virtualization allows the splitting of a single physical piece of hardware into independent, self governed environments, which can be scaled in terms of CPU, RAM, Disk and other elements. The infrastructure includes servers, networks and other hardware appliances delivered as Infrastructure Web Services, farms or "cloud centers". These are then interlinked with others for resilience and additional capacity.

2. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
a) Public Cloud: Clouds servers, storage system and networks are shared among general public through third party. They deliver superior economies of scale to customers, as the infrastructure costs are spread among a mix of users, giving each individual client an attractive low-cost, Pay-as-yougo model. There are limited service providers like Microsoft, Google etc.

Figure 2: Public Cloud Example Public cloud can be much larger than companys private cloud as it provides the ability to scale seamlessly on demand & thus shifting the whole risk from the enterprise to the cloud provider. b) Private cloud: Private clouds are meant for organizations that wants an exclusive control over data, security & quality of Service. Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise datacenter or at a collocation facility. Private Clouds can be built and managed by Companys own IT organizations or by a Cloud Provider. There are two variations to a private cloud:

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IJRREST: International Journal of Research Review in Engineering Science and Technology (ISSN 2278- 6643) | Volume-1 Issue-3, December 2012

specific community that have similar cloud requirements (security, compliance, jurisdiction etc.). It can be managed either internally or by a third party and hosted internally or externally. It is more economical than private clouds in comparison to public clouds because costs are spread over fewer users. Figure 3: Private Cloud Example - Internally hosted Private Cloud: These clouds are hosted within a Companys enterprise datacenter with the help of experts to install, configure & operate the infrastructure. This model provides a more standardized process and protection, but is limited in aspects of size and scalability. - Externally hosted Private Cloud: This type of private cloud is hosted externally with a cloud provider, where the provider facilitates an exclusive cloud environment. c) Hybrid Cloud: Hybrid Cloud is a combination of two or more clouds (private, public or community) that remain unique entities but are bound together offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. The Hybrid cloud environment is capable of providing on-demand, externally provisioned scale.

3. ARCHITECTURE COMPUTING

OF

CLOUD

a) Software as a Service (SaaS): In this model, a complete application is offered to the customer, as a service on demand. A single instance of the service runs on the cloud & multiple end users are serviced. In this model, cloud provider deploys application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. It frees the cloud users from managing the cloud infrastructure and platform. What makes a cloud application different from other applications is its elasticity. This can be achieved by cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines at runtime to meet the changing work demand. As the no. of users increases, Load balancers are used to distribute the work over the set of virtual machines. This process is transparent to the cloud user who sees only a single access point. To accommodate a large number of cloud users, cloud applications can be multitenant, that is, any machine serves more than one cloud user organization. The most widely known examples of SaaS are Google, Salesforce, Microsoft, Zoho, etc. It is commonly referred to as desktop as a service, business process as a service, Test Environment as a Service, communication as a service. b) Platform as a Service (PaaS): In PaaS model, cloud provider provides a developing environment or a computing platform as a service where a user can build other higher-level services. PaaS depends on two perspectives: Producing PaaS: It might produce a platform by integrating an operating system, programming language execution environment, web server, middleware which is provided to a customer as a service such as LAMP platform (Linux, Apache, MySql and PHP), restricted J2EE, Ruby etc. Googles App Engine, Force.com, etc are some of the popular PaaS examples.

Figure 4: Hybrid Cloud Example Combining private & public cloud resources helps to maintain the quality of service even in rapid workload fluctuations & to handle planned workload spikes. Hybrid Clouds introduce the complexity of determining how to distribute applications across both a public and private cloud. d) Community Cloud: A community cloud is shared among two or more organizations from a

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IJRREST: International Journal of Research Review in Engineering Science and Technology (ISSN 2278- 6643) | Volume-1 Issue-3, December 2012

Using PaaS: Here customer interacts with the encapsulated environment provided by the producers through an API. Now user can develop & run their software solutions without focusing on the cost & complexity of buying & managing the hardware & software. For example, a content switch appliance would have all of its component software hidden from the customer & only an API or GUI for configuring and deploying the services provided to them. c) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In IaaS, cloud providers delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as services over the network. IaaS make available these resources (servers, load balancers, firewalls, switches, routers) on demand from their large pools installed in data centers. It offers IP addresses for Local Area Networks. In this, cloud users install and maintain the operating system and application software to deploy their applications. IaaS is a utility-basis computing service means cost will incur as resources are consumed.

e) More Mobility: Employees can access information where ever they are, rather than having to remain at their desks.

5. CLOUD COMPUTING CHALLENGES

Despite its growing influence, there are some concerns regarding cloud computing: a) Security: Achieving high quality data security is crucial as data it is stored in the clouds Server storage system. b) Reliance on third party: Control over own data is lost in the hands of a difficult-to-trust provider. c) Cost of transition: It is not feasible always to move from the existing architecture of our own data center to the architecture of the cloud. d) Uncertainty of benefits: One cant be assured for having long term benefits of cloud computing.

6. CONCLUSION
After so many years, Cloud Computing today is the beginning of network based computing over Internet in force. It is the technology of the decade and is the enabling element of two totally new computing models, the Client-Cloud computing and the Terminal-Cloud computing. These new models would create whole generations of applications and business. Our prediction is that it is the beginning to the end of the dominance of desktop computing such as that with the Windows. It is also the beginning of a new Internet based service economy: the Internet centric, Web based, on demand, Cloud applications and computing economy.

4. CLOUD COMPUTING BENEFITS

a) Reduce Run time and Response time: It reduces run time and response time. For instance, for running batch jobs, cloud computing uses 1000 servers to accomplish a task in 1/1000 the time that a single server would require and virtual machines to optimize response time. b) Minimizes Infrastructure risk: Using Cloud Computing infrastructure, cloud users become free from the risk inherent in purchasing physical servers as now it is the cloud providers risk for purchasing too much or too little infrastructure. c) Reduced Cost: As it is subscription-based service, lowering maintenance as infrastructure is not purchased, initial expense and recurring expenses are much lower than traditional computing, it is considered as lower cost Cloud technology. d) Increased Storage: As massive storage is provided by cloud computing infrastructure, large volumes of data and sudden workload spikes can be managed effectively & efficiently.

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